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In the inland areas of Campania (Italy), the Taburno-Camposauro Regional Natural Park covers almost 137 square kilometres. It well represents, in the reliefs that give it its name, the southern segment of the Apennine chain. In fact, the rock outcrops, landscape features and surface and ground water make it possible to reconstruct the geological evolution of this area. Nonetheless, it is possible to understand how the history of man, who has frequented these places since ancient times, has developed by taking advantage of the resources offered by this territory. Among these resources, it is believed that the characteristics of the geological heritage spread throughout the Park can also be an opportunity to attract not only researchers, but also significant tourist flows. To this end, not only has the procedure been initiated to be included in the world network of Geoparks, but efforts have also been made to promote the most representative geological sites using the latest communication tools (e.g., social media). Besides these, numerous initiatives aimed at schools and national tourism agencies were developed. Promotion found particular emphasis with the realisation of an art installation by a well-known author in a water catchment system. In fact, this installation triggered an artistic vein around the beauty of the sites, manifested by videos and photo exhibitions and even forms of entertainment. These events have increased interest in the geological heritage, as evidenced by the increase in visitors observed by a specific analysis of the performance of social media posts, as well as frequent visitors to the geoheritage elements of the Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the Sites of Geotouristic Interest (SGIs) on the volcanic island of La Palma, Spain. The objective is to identify, select, characterize and evaluate SGIs, for the first time on this island, in order to promote volcano tourism and diversify the tourist leisure offerings. A variety of methods have been used to identify, select and characterize the SGIs, including bibliographic review, topographic, geological and geomorphological mapping, and field work during the 2021, 2022 and 2023 surveys. To evaluate the SGIs, the criteria developed by Reynard et al. (Geoheritage 8:43-60, 2007, Geoheritage 8:43-60, 2016) have been used, which includes scientific (Vs), additional (Va) and “use and management” (Vum) values. The findings indicate that: 1) the 52 SGIs are well-preserved, many of them are protected; 2) they are easily accessible to tourists; 3) the SGIs are representative of the volcanic geoheritage and the erosion and sedimentary geoforms of the main geological units defined in this active volcanic island. The SGIs have an average Vs value of 0.60, higher than the Va value of 0.46. However, the Vum value needs improvement in terms of the touristic information provided and minimizing the impacts of touristic use. This work provides a comprehensive database for both the public administration and active tourism companies to develop initiatives for volcano tourism in La Palma, contributing to the promotion of geotourism and diversifying their offerings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Malta, despite its small size, boasts a great variety of landscapes and landforms, offering a wide range of geological and geomorphological features of great interest. The identification and assessment of geosites can contribute to the preservation, protection, and promotion of this rich geodiversity. In addition, geosites have a high potential of attracting geotourists, thus also contributing to the development of the local economy. Tourism plays a key role for the Maltese Islands, with Malta's tourism direct contribution to GDP being among the highest in Europe. Thus, geotourism could represent a significant resource for Malta, though it has yet to receive the attention and recognition it deserves. Within this framework, this work aims to highlight the role of geoheritage and geotourism as potential resources for the enhancement of sustainable tourism and geoconservation in the southern sector of Malta. This region of Malta receives less visitors compared with the northern sector of the island, which is popular for its sandy beaches. To this end, potential geosites were inventoried and quantitatively assessed using a commonly applied methodology tailored to the local setting. The results of this evaluation let to identify 18 potential geosites that can be recognized as both parts of the Maltese natural heritage and tourist resources. Among these 18 sites, we identified four priority geosites which could be incorporated into a potential geotourism route to also highlight the valuable elements of the cultural heritage located in the vicinity. Moreover, the assessment methodology, applied for the first time in the investigated area, has proven to be a valuable support for geosite identification and can be extended to other Maltese regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphogenetic diversity of an area often determines its high geodiversity, which is subsequently used for geotourism. Areas where geotourism is being intentionally developed note the funded impacts resulting from increased interest in the area by tourists. This paper presents a morphogenetically diverse area that has been formed by glacial activity, cosmic factors—meteorite impacts, fluvial factors and anthropogenic factors—especially those related to industrial activities and settlement processes. In this manuscript, we identified and assessed geosites in the diverse landscape of the Poznań region (Poland), as well as analyzed strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in relation to possible activities aimed at the development of geotourism. The multi-criteria assessment of existing and proposed geosites and SWOT analysis was used by us to assess geotourism development potential in this genetically highly diverse landscape. The work presented here demonstrates that not all formally created geosites by geological institutions are potentially attractive from the point of view of geotourism. The main factors that reduce the attractiveness of geosites are the lack of recreational infrastructure, poor accessibility and low educational values. The spectacularity of geosites is most often determined by their aesthetic value, representativeness, rareness and paleogeographical interest. The Poznań region has a high potential for the development of geotourism due to its valuable sites (Morasko Meteorite Reserve, Dziewicza Hill, post-mining area Szachty, Genius Loci and Ostrów Tumski); however, there is a need to develop a geotourism development strategy in the area. Given the morphogenetic diversity of the study area, there is a need to create a unique landscape geointerpretation center in this part of Europe, with a role in integrating tourism and especially geotourism activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Southeast Arabia (i.e. the United Arab Emirates [UAE] and Oman), geoconservation is a budding initiative, but to date, there has been limited evaluation of geoheritage sites in this region. Many geoheritage evaluation methods have been developed over the last 20 years, but the most popular methods reflect experiences from experts in Europe. The representativeness of these methods for different regional, cultural, and social contexts requires scrutiny. This study developed the first parametric method for geoheritage evaluation focused on Southeast Arabia, using Fujairah, UAE as a case study. The study applied a novel approach based on questionnaires completed by regional geoscience academics, local nature tourism professionals, and local science teachers. The preferences they expressed for scientific value, educational value, and touristic value, respectively, were used to develop the evaluation method. To test the requirements for informed decisions by tourism professionals and science teachers, the study compared results of questionnaires from two occasions: after a seminar on regional geoheritage sites, and after site visits. The resulting method deviates from previous methods in the relative weight it places on various criteria, substantiating the need to target wider regional voices in methods for geoheritage evaluation in Fujairah and Southeast Arabia. It reflects the need to consider cultural and societal differences, as well as curricular requirements for the educational value, that are not highlighted in existing evaluation methods. The applicability of the method was tested and confirmed by ranking geosites in Fujairah, and the method could be used at a regional scale in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the quantitative values of geosites, which constitute the primary supply sources of geotourism, has an important role in developing geotourism. For this reason, the number of studies determining the values of geosites according to various factors is increasing daily. Although these studies make significant contributions to the literature, the problem of objectivity in geosite evaluation stages is still seen as an important issue. In particular, the fact that hesitant, uncertain, and ambiguous information from evaluators prevents objectivity in geosite evaluations is still controversial. In this context, this study aims to adapt fuzzy set-based MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) methods to geosite evaluation. For this purpose, SFSs (Spherical Fuzzy Sets), the new version of fuzzy sets, were used in integration with SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis)-COBRA (Comprehensive Distance-Based Ranking) methods. This methodological approach allows for minimising uncertain and ambiguous judgments arising from decision-makers. This proposed methodology was tested as a case study on six geosites selected from two districts of Aksaray province (Güzelyurt and Gülağaç) in Türkiye. According to the findings, significant differences were detected between traditional geosite evaluation approaches and the approach proposed in this study, both in weighting the criteria and ranking geosites. These results show that the proposed methodological approach can be a useful tool in reducing the objectivity problem frequently encountered in evaluating geosites. In this context, the proposed method is expected to contribute to the level of theoretical knowledge that will form the basis of geosites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes and evaluates natural and anthropogenic geosites within the potential Geopark Slovak Karst using a slightly modified Geosite Assessment Model (GAM). It focuses on three case studies from this area: Jasovská Cave, Gombasecká Cave, and Domica Cave, including their surroundings. The aforementioned caves represent the primary points of interest and draw in high concentrations of visitors. We aim to highlight opportunities for dispersing visitors to other nearby geosites and encouraging their extended stay in the region. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the highest point values (from 22.5 to 23.5 points) are achieved by three UNESCO caves (Jasovská Cave, Domica Cave, and Baradla Cave). These caves have a high level of both main and additional values. Gombasecká Cave has a total point value of 20.5 points, with a high level of main values and a medium level of additional values. Other geosites reach total point values from 9 to 16 with different levels of main and additional values. The three accessible caves will continue to be the main object of interest for tourists. The networking of other nearby geosites with caves in the form of educational trails and their greater promotion could help visitors stay longer in the region and direct their attention to these geosites. The research methodology used in this study proved to be suitable and we can see its further use in the evaluation of geosites across the entire territory of the potential Geopark Slovak Karst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, various methodologies have been developed to systematize, discuss, and propose measures for protecting and sustainably managing geological heritage. The Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park is a crucial component of the most significant network of protected areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. It has international recognition for its speleological heritage, which underpins its status as a popular tourist destination. This intensive touristic use necessitates solid management plans that ensure sustainable tourism while preserving the karst features. Therefore, this work refined the inventory of geological sites and provided a quantitative assessment of their degradation risk and potential for use. Three geosites and twenty four geodiversity sites were identified and assessed. The quantitative evaluation of these geological sites was conducted using the System for Registration and Quantification of Geosites and Geodiversity Sites (GEOSSIT), which was developed by the Geological Survey of Brazil. The application of this tool, designed for use in a vast and diverse country like Brazil, revealed the need for adaptations when applied to a smaller area such as Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park. This work helped establish management priorities for these sites and determine the most suitable uses for each geological site, providing valuable information for park managers. Such studies demonstrate that proper management of protected and conserved areas should always include geodiversity and geoconservation in their action plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EN280 Leba Road is a mountain road that runs along the western slope of Serra da Leba (Humpata Plateau) and its outstanding escarpments, connecting the hinterland areas of the Province of Huila to the coastal Atlantic Province of Namibe, in Southwest Angola. In the Serra da Leba ranges, as in Humpata Plateau, a volcano-sedimentary succession of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic age known as the Chela Group outcrops extensively. This main unit records a pile of sediments with a thickness over 600 m, overlying a cratonic basement with Eburnean and pre-Eburnean granitoids. This sequence is overlain in unconformity by the Leba Formation, which consists of weakly deformed cherty dolostones rich in stromatolites. Along the EN280 Leba Road, in the downward direction, were inventoried and characterized eight sites that, by their exceptional geological content and the singularity of their geoforms, are worth being defined and formalized as geosites: (1) traditional mining clay pit in the Humpata Plateau (post-Eburnean Paleo-Mesoproterozoic claystones); (2) old lime oven of Leba (post-Eburnean Meso-Neoproterozoic cherty dolostones with stromatolites); (3) viewpoint of the Serra da Leba (post-Eburnean Paleo-Mesoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary formations and Eburnean Paleoproterozoic granitoids); (4) vertical beds at the beginning of the descent (post-Eburnean Paleo-Mesoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary formations); (5) slope of the fault propagation fold (post-eburnean Paleo-Mesoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary formations); (6) reverse fault in granitoid rocks (Eburnean Paleoproterozoic granitoids); (7) Dolerite Curve (Eburnean Paleoproterozoic granitoids and dolerites); (8) ductile simple shear zone (Eburnean Paleoproterozoic granitoids and mylonites). These sites were primarily selected using the results of fieldwork (observations, measurements, reproduction of representations, and creation of models), interpretation of remote sensing data, and data from previously published bibliographies and cartography. A quantitative assessment of the selected sites to be preserved through their classification as geosites (integration in a geoconservation strategy) was proposed. The first position in the numerical assessment is occupied by the landscape dimension geosite "Viewpoint of the Serra da Leba". This position is conferred, mainly, by its high geological, use, and Management values, being therefore considered the place with the highest geoheritage value in the studied area. Based on the previous characterization and evaluation, several field activities were proposed to be included in a guidebook, highlighting aspects such as landscapes, outcrops, rocks, structures, fossils, and georesources. The high scientific, didactic, and aesthetic values of these geological contexts and their high degree of geodiversity justify their integration into a geoeducational transect, contributing to the appreciation and awareness of the geological heritage of Serra da Leba, as well as to its promotion and scientific and educational dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomorphosite inventory remains an urgent task for many geographical domains where it can facilitate the exploration of geoheritage resources. The present study reports a new and sufficient portion of information from Mountainous Adygeya in southwestern Russia, which is a geoheritage-rich area in the western part of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The Cossack, Monk, and Three Teeth mountains were analyzed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. Their morphology and geological settings were described, their geoheritage properties were scored by several criteria, and their cultural meanings were considered. It was established that the total heritage values of these geomorphosites are comparable. The challenging accessibility of these landforms is offset by the availability of sites for distant observation. Each proposed geomorphosite has its own cultural meaning reflected by its name. The proposed geomorphosites are constituents of the geoheritage resources of Mountainous Adygeya, and they can be exploited via local product branding and georoute functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geosites are windows into the geological past, which may be recorded in rocks and their properties, the fossil content, and landform produced by processes no longer operating. Since the histories of sedimentation, life, and landscape evolution are to a certain extent controlled by climatic conditions, some geosites may be used as illustrations of various themes linked to the issue of climate change. In this paper, a coherent systematic framework is proposed for how to look at geosites through the lens of climate change. Four major aspects of relevance are recognized: (i) geosites providing evidence of changing climatic conditions in the past; (ii) geosites providing evidence of an environment different than that of today at the place; (iii) geosites providing evidence of extreme weather events; and (iv) dynamic geosites, subject to change as a response to ongoing climate change. The use of geosites to raise awareness and educate the public about climate change faces various interpretation challenges. In particular, linking with ongoing climate change requires caution and balanced presentation as most geosites record changes which occurred without any anthropogenic component. The preferred focus should be on environmental instability in general rather than on any specific reasons for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inventorying and assessing geoheritage is a prerequisite for developing measures to preserve unique geological and geomorphological sites. Several researchers have developed methods for assessing and determining the value of geological and geomorphological sites. Given rapid environmental and climatic changes, it is crucial to improve the state of geoheritage assessment and inventory development. This overview presents an analysis of research on geoheritage assessment conducted in Morocco over the past 14 years (2008-2022). The objective is to provide an overview of the main methodological approaches. The analysis is based on a search of the Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify publications dealing mainly with Moroccan geoheritage sites. We find that most studies have concentrated on the identification and characterization of various geoheritage sites across the country, employing only the descriptive method. However, as the field has progressed, earth scientists are applying quantitative inventory and assessment methods, with some initiatives to propose new methods adapted to the Moroccan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration and identification of new geosites in the Călimani Mountains region heralds a significant opportunity to establish Romania's first UNESCO volcanic geopark. This ambitious initiative aims to meticulously evaluate both natural and anthropogenic geosites across the area, highlighting their scientific, educational, and touristic significance, as well as their deep connections to the region's rich history and tradition. Utilizing an adaptation of the geosite analysis framework initially developed by Pralong, researchers in the country have tailored the methodology to better suit the Carpathian region. This study provides a detailed assessment of the criteria applied to the geosites in the Călimani Mountains, emphasizing their essential roles and underlining the need for their conservation through their integration into the Călimani National Park and the expansion of its boundaries. Through the quantitative and qualitative approach of this project, the goal is not only to protect and preserve these valuable geosites but also to promote them as sustainable and educational tourist resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism development often brings notable challenges to geo-conservation in natural areas. As tourist sites emerge at different evolutionary stages of tourism development, they may face various potential threats. This study examines the stages of tourism development and assesses the associated degradation risks using the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) and Degradation Risk Assessment (DRA) frameworks on 14 geomorphosites in the Ajodhya hill area of the eastern Chota Nagpur plateau, famous for its diverse geological and geomorphological features and growing tourist attraction. Subsequently, the intricate relationship between the stages of tourism development and potential threats to geomorphosites are also addressed in this work. For the TALC analysis, 10 criteria and several indicators are considered to determine the current tourism development stage and DRA analysis using 20 parameters consisting of 4 indicators has been assessed. The findings reveals that, the most of the geomorphosites lies in the exploration stage except two geomorphosites (namely, Chunkadi spring and Jugni cave) with moderate to high risk of degradation. The extent of degradation in the region is largely influenced by mismanagement of sites, meteorological vulnerabilities and increasing public usage. Thus by addressing the most vulnerable risk factors, effective management strategies and conservation measures would assist towards sustainable geotourism development locally and also could be utilized for preservation of similar sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NEOM is a new regional development in Saudi Arabia with a strong focus on the environment and sustainable development. In the cultural aspect, NEOM represents an opportunity for urban development that considers the protection of natural heritage assets. The Hismah desert in the northeast part of NEOM is characterised by sandstone and aeolian landscapes which are important in terms of scientific, educational, tourism, archaeological, ecological, and cultural value. This paper aims to assess the geomorphological landscape in the Hismah desert and provides a sustainable development plan for geoconservation and geotourism. The assessment method considers the landscape’s scientific and economic value, mainly derived from fieldwork. Economic value is calculated from ecological, aesthetic, and cultural value. Scientific and economic value for the whole landscape is high. The prolonged weathering and denudation process leads to mesa, butte, pinnacle, scarp, yardang, wadi, and rock pedestal formation. Key aeolian features are nebkha, sand and gravel sheets. The geological features are honeycomb structures, sandstone crossbed, and sedimentary deformation. Historical and cultural features enhance economic value. Considering the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, geoconservation and geotourism can be developed sustainably to support regional development in an arid region. Therefore, in link with the NEOM Project, this paper proposes Hismah Desert as a geopark for conserving geomorphological landscape, geotourism and regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research emphasizes the vital role of geoeducation in fostering a deeper appreciation of palaeovolcanic geoheritage in the Kratovo-Zletovo palaeovolcanic area, which is in the northeastern part of North Macedonia. In this paper a sophisticated and objective evaluation of the palaeovolcanic geoheritage for future proclamation as a protected area is provided. Various programs can be implemented to promote geoeducation at different educational levels, making the concepts of palaeovolcanic geoheritage, geoeducation, and geoconservation more accessible and understandable to the local community and visitors. The study applies the Brilha’s method as a means to evaluate the geoeducational potential of specific geosites within the Kratovo-Zletovo palaeovolcanic area. This method, designed to assess a wide spectrum of criteria, provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the scientific, educational, and touristic potential of the identified geosites. This research contributes to our understanding of the multifaceted significance of palaeovolcanic geosites from scientific, educational, and touristic perspectives. It serves as a valuable reference for decision-makers, educators, and conservationists working to preserve and promote the geoheritage of the Kratovo-Zletovo palaeovolcanic area. The study underscores the need for a method for the inventory of geosites, considering their scientific value. Four key criteria—representativeness, integrity, rarity, and scientific knowledge—are proposed for selecting geosites. Although the method used is based on numerical data, it was supported by a heuristic approach and field research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Köyceğiz Region offers a fascinating beauty with its lakes, long sandy beaches, rivers, as well as mountains and hills covered with pine, sweetgum and mastic tree forests. Therefore, there is an intense visitor activity in the region. In addition, there are well-marked, year-round hiking and cycling routes around the mountains and lakes in Köyceğiz. On some of these routes, eco-sites have been identified and explanatory panels have been placed. However, geosites have not been identified in the region for the geological structures that carry all this ecological diversity. In fact, the Köyceğiz Region is one of the typical regions that presents geological stories from the paleotectonic and neotectonic periods together. Our proposal in this study is to select geosites on existing nature routes that reflect the geological story of the region and to develop explanatory panels for them. In this study, we have identified geosites located on nature tourism routes in the region and described their geoscientific content. By installing panels on geosites, the geo-ecological systems located on the routes will be able to explain themselves to travelers. This is a new geo-eco-tourism approach with a small budget, aimed at existing visitors in the region, without trying to attract visitors to the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regions of Acheron and Parga (Epirus, Greece) are characterized by a significant geodiversity (e.g., stratigraphy, palaeontology, tectonic, geomorphology, hydrology, etc.). In this work, we have tried to create a preliminary list of the most prominent geosites of these two areas, based on bibliographical review and, predominantly, our own field observations. More specifically, we have identified and mapped a total of 28 geosites. We assessed their geological value, as well as additional values (socioeconomic and cultural values, aesthetics, as well as potential for geo-education). Upon their assessment, the area was found to be of very high geoeducational significance, whereas the geotouristic potential also is very high. Our ultimate goal is to promote the geological heritage to both geoscientists and the lay public, so as to contribute to its geo-conservation and the geo-education of locals and students/pupils. Thus, after assessment, we created a virtual field trip, in form of a webmap, where all of these geosites could be "visited" by potential geotourists, as well as geoscientists. This webmap can be updated whenever new research on additional geosites in the area is published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many geographical domains possess notable geological and geomorphological features, which are yet to be characterized comprehensively in terms of geoheritage. The present study focuses on the Kislovodsk area, which is situated in the southern part of the Central Ciscaucasus (post-Paleozoic platform), where the latter joins to the Greater Caucasus (late Cenozoic orogen). Three geosites are reported from there, and their qualitative description and semi-quantitative, score-based assessment are offered. The Honey Waterfalls represent an example of river erosion affecting Carboniferous granitoids with uppermost Jurassic weathering horizon and overlain by Lower Cretaceous carbonates. The Ring Mountain is a natural arch formed as result of wind erosion. The Little Saddle is a viewpoint offering a spectacular, panoramic view toward the Elbrus Mountain that is the highest peak of Russia and Europe and an impressive dormant stratovolcano. The Honey Waterfalls and the Ring Mountain are ranked nationally (the latter receives the highest total scores), and the Little Saddle is ranked regionally. These geosites are diverse in several aspects, and, particularly, different geoheritage types and forms are established. The Kislovodsk area bearing the reported geoheritage objects is a part of the Mineralnye Vody resort area, which is large and important for the national tourism and recreation industry. The related opportunities and challenges for geoheritage resource management have to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rigorous assessment is an essential part of geoconservation, and choosing an appropriate evaluation method is essential for this process. Globally, an increasing number of sites are being assessed for their geoheritage values, but the most popular methods have been created by researchers with experiences centred in Europe, without considerations of regional differences. To understand whether regional perspectives are required in the evaluation process, this study developed a new method targeting the scientific value of Quaternary geoheritage sites in arid environments, using input from 49 researchers in geosciences and related disciplines with interests in arid landscapes. The results demonstrated the need for a new or modified method, given the different preferences in the weighting system and the necessity to include additional criteria specific to the type of sites targeted by the study. The strong preference to include a new criterion on connections with archaeology/anthropology highlighted the significance of the interdisciplinary scientific values of Quaternary geoheritage sites in arid environments. These findings imply the need for regional diversity or adjustments in geoheritage evaluation. Future research is required to consider such differences for geoheritage values beyond the scientific dimension, such as educational values and touristic values in diverse geographical settings. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on geosites inventorying and assessment methods often mentions the issue of objectivity but lacks a detailed discussion of its nature. Indeed, developments in the philosophy and practice of science have shown that objectivity is a complex, multifaceted concept, making its assessment challenging in specific situations. This paper, therefore, draws from this broader debate on objectivity in order to examine and possibly enhance its presence in the aforesaid methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the objectives of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and the African Union’s 2063 Agenda for inclusive and sustainable development, it is necessary to pay greater attention to development strategies that focus on geoheritage, particularly in the context of global climate change. Furthermore, the surge in scientific research within this domain attests to a growing interest in the preservation and valorization of geoheritage. The current study seeks to contribute to this dynamic by conducting an evaluation and valorization of the Jbel Irhoud geosite, the cradle of humanity that hosts the oldest remains of homosapiens globally. This site is included in the geoheritage inventory project of Youssoufia province within the administrative region of Marrakech-Safi. This research aims to develop indices for assessing tourism and educational values on scales from 1 to 10, using criteria covering the scientific, ecological, cultural, aesthetic, economic, and potential use aspects of a geosite. Given its geographical position and geological diversity, the study describes the high geoeducational and geotouristic potential of the Ighoud geosite that can be exploited to improve the living conditions of its population and accelerate sustainable local socio-economic development by creating new income-generating activities. This initiative is important in a region with high natural potential but facing a high rate of unemployment and difficult natural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an initial attempt to introduce the concept of geoheritage resilience, which refers to the capacity of a geosite and its system to absorb, adapt, or resist disturbances, and to consider it in geoconservation planning. Assessing the resilience of geoheritage sites is crucial for managing, protecting and developing sustainable geotourism that requires a specific approach and methodology. Therefore, this research aims to propose a comprehensive method based on criteria and indicators to measure the resilience of geoheritage sites and implement it in the most significant geosites of Lorestan province through literature review and fieldwork. The proposed method is based on 5 criteria and 22 indicators. Each indicator is measured based on 5 parameters and calculations are performed using the corresponding equations. The results of the geoheritage resilience assessment, using the proposed method, indicate that various geological, hydroclimatic, ecological, anthropogenic, and geotourism disturbances have led to a reduction the resilience of the geosites studied. According to the results, Calder Cave and Shirz Canyon geosites have a high level of resilience with final scores of 65.62 and 62.62, respectively. In contrast, Bisheh Waterfall and Pol-e Dokhtar Lakes have a low level of resilience with scores of 46.73 and 35.51, respectively. These two geosites are affected by natural and human disturbances, which require effective management, protection, and improvement of their resilience levels. This study has also provided a basic conceptual model to illustrate the planning process for enhancing and promoting geoheritage resilience through geoconservation planning. Given the importance of geoheritage and the potential threats, it is very important to pay attention to the concept of resilience and the measurement of geoheritage resilience in geoconservation planning for sustainable scientific, educational and geotourism use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concerns the design of a geocultural site in Huta Różaniecka. It is one of 166 sites prepared for the Kamienny Las na Roztoczu (Roztocze Stone Forest) Geopark project. The site is distinguished, on the one hand, by its interesting geology and geomorphology (exposures of Miocene sea shore with numerous fossils) and, on the other hand, by its quarries, stonemasonry traditions, and buildings (ruins of the Greek Catholic church). The aim of this paper is to present a model for building specialized documentation using a wide range of source materials, methods (field inventory, queries, interviews, high-precision Light Detection and Ranging-LiDAR measurements), tools (Leica ScanStation C10 laser scanner), and techniques (photography, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-UAV, Terrestrial Laser Scanning-TLS). The applied research procedure model led to the construction of specialized documentation relating to the spatial dimension, natural features, and cultural context of the site. Taking into account the collected data, it should be concluded that the projected geocultural site at Huta Różaniecka, irrespective of the creation of a geopark, has great potential to build a tourist product that is attractive to a wide range of visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic environments offer a unique combination for life development. UNESCO recognized the Galapagos Islands as Natural World Heritage site due to the uniqueness of flora and fauna. In addition, they have relevant geological value because of their volcanic origin associated with a "hotspot" and still evolving geological dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the geological heritage of Santa Cruz Island by identifying and valuing geosites, considering the scientific, academic, and tourist fields, and the risk of degradation to establish geoheritage management strategies. This study applied four semi-quantitative assessment methodologies and SWOT analysis to identify 15 geosites related to volcanic hotspots, particularly volcanic craters, cracks, beaches, lava tunnels, lagoons, and volcanic depositional landforms. Due to the uniqueness of their geological characteristics, the evaluations applied reflected "very high" and "high-medium" qualifications in the geosites. Their identification and valuation allowed for establishing protection, geo-education, and sustainable use strategies (geotourism). In addition, the study identified a research opportunity associated with the cultural value of geosites of volcanic environments within protected areas with singular ecological value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Devonian outcrops of the Azrou-Khenifra Basin are located in the eastern band of the Moroccan Central Massif. They are characterized by a high geodiversity since they show sedimentary, stratigraphic, paleontological, tectonic and geomorphological aspects. Those outcrops allow the understanding of the evolution and geodynamic of the area during the Devonian. This proves their relevant in term of scientific value. In addition, they also have educational and touristic interests. The objectives of this work are making the inventory and quantitative assessment as well as the mapping of nine Devonian geosites. To approach the topic, the method proposed by Brilha (2016) have been used which based on qualitative and quantitative criteria. The results show that the geosite Famennian zebra griottes limestones of Ziyar has the highest scientific value (345) while the others are characterized by scientific, educational and tourist values ranging from moderate to high. Regarding the degradation risk, the geosites have a low value. This work could be considered as the base of any geoconservation strategy and geotourism action plan in the area since it focused on the two first steps of it. This may help improve the sustainable development through the establishment of geopark consequently and enhance economical level of people living the Azrou-Khenifra area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is part of a reflective approach that examines and compares two popular geo-destinations in Moroccan Central High Atlas, the Aït Bouguemaz and Zaouiat Ahansal-Taghia valleys, using the Geosite Assessment Model (GAM). The model uses two indicators, main values and additional values, with 12 and 15 sub-indicators, respectively. The results show that the Aït Bouguemaz Valley has high main values (9.75) and moderate additional values (8.25), while the Zaouiat Ahansal-Taghia Valley has moderate main values (8) and additional values (5.25). This work shows that despite the high scientific and aesthetic values of these two geo-destinations, there is still much to be improved, especially concerning functional and tourism values, in particular, management and planning, as well as infrastructure as a basis for geotourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work is to examine the possibilities of developing geotourism in the context of existing, but not yet recognised, geoheritage in the north-eastern Wielkopolska, western Poland. Pałuki is characterised by exceptional geodiversity, which has enormous potential for diversifying the present tourist offer. The valorisation method of selected 12 geosites was used, taking into account geomorphological, additional and utility categories. The results of the analytical part made it possible to identify the most valuable and geotouristically attractive geosites. They form two original geotourism trails under the common name of "Geodiversified Pałuki". In order to increase the possibilities of developing local geotourism, two proposals for thematic geotourism trail focusing on the most interesting, and highly rated, geosites in the research area are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nos Oiseaux is the property of Societe Romande pour l'Etude et la Protection des Oiseaux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The number of geoconservation studies in Costa Rica has been increasing in the last 10 years. The Poás Volcano National Park has been characterized as one of the most visited places in Costa Rica where many tourists come to see one of the most emblematic volcanoes in the country and Central America. This study documents the process of recognizing five key geomorphosites of volcanic origin where Principal Crater stands out as the site with the highest overall value. Other places of interest are the Botos Cone and Von Frantzius Cone, whose proximity to the Principal Crater is a scenic attraction that many visitors take advantage of to enjoy the landscape that the volcano offers. All the geomorphosites have cultural and historical relevance as Costa Ricans have a strong sense of belonging to this volcano. The zoning of the National Park is very restrictive and protects the geomorphosites from human disturbance, which is why Public Use Zones should be used to access the geomorphosites proposed in this article. We evaluate the geomorphosites in the Poás Volcano National Park and how it has influenced the Costa Rican population, having been an inspiration for artists and scientists who developed artistic works and several studies related to this volcano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ornithologische Beobachter is the property of Ala - Schweizerische Gesellschaft fuer Vogelkunde und Vogelschutz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geocultural sites combine a high cultural and natural heritage value and are particularly suitable for the interpretation and promotion of cultural and natural heritage. Based on previous geoheritage inventories, this paper analyzes seven geocultural sites in Jebel Dahar (Southeast Tunisia) from the perspective of temporal interrelationships. Through a synthesis on the development of the natural landscape of Jebel Dahar and its occupation by human beings, the work focuses on the importance of the interweaving of temporal scales in the analysis and interpretation of geocultural sites. A specific methodology in four steps is proposed: (i) a synthesis on the components of the site in the form of a text; (ii) a summary table built according to a temporal scale composed of six periods (geological, geomorphological, prehistoric, historical, present and future); (iii) a graphical representation of the interweaving of these temporal scales; (iv) a cartographic representation of the results of the analysis. Steps (iii) and (iv) were applied only to the geocultural sites of Matmata-Beni Issa and Douiret. The paper also emphasizes the importance of the interweaving of temporal scales in the interpretation of geocultural sites. These scales could be part of the criteria for the inventory, selection, evaluation, interpretation and management of geocultural sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last decade, there has been an abundance of scattered case studies on geoarchaeological heritage in the scientific literature. Yet, there is a lack of methodological guidelines to inventory and numerically assess a collection of “geoarchaeosites” for heritage conservation and/or tourism purposes. The aim of this paper is to propose an innovative and integrated methodology for the inventory and assessment of geoarchaeological heritage, with an example of application in the Middle Eure Valley (Paris Basin, France). In this work, we suggest the use of the “geoarchaeosite” concept as a contraction of geoarchaeological sites, i.e., sites of particular relevance in understanding past society-environment interactions at the Quaternary or historical time scale. In our approach, archaeological and geomorphological components of a site have the same level of importance, in contrast to the classical approaches on geomorphosites that consider the cultural, archaeological, and/or historical significance of a site as an “additional” value. In the study area, the results provide a selection of 19 geoarchaeosites with contrasted scientific values, ranging from sites of national (fossiliferous site of Saint-Prest, loess-paleosol sequence of Chaudon) and regional rank (Chartres Cathedral and its historical quarry at Berchères-les-Pierres, French Royal Canal Louis XIV-Aqueduct of Maintenon, Megaliths of Changé at Saint-Piat and Eure palaeochannels) to more confidential sites of local interest, with various degrees of vulnerability and potential use. A network analysis of “disconnected geoarchaeosites” according to spatial, chronological, and functional relationships contributes to improving the overall scientific value of the geoarchaeological heritage. Among the prospects that are emerging in the scope of promotional activities, comes the interest of building a digital geoarchaeoheritage platform with a collaborative/participatory aim in order to reinforce heritage ownership by local residents and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many glacial landscapes on all continents are inscribed on the World Heritage List. Due to climate change, most of the glaciers are retreating rapidly, thus questioning their Outstanding Universal Value. This paper clarifies what constitutes the heritage values of glacial landscapes and outlines how the heritage values could evolve in a future with less (or without) ice. For two sites in the UNESCO Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch property (the Great Aletsch Glacier and the Upper Lauterbrunnen Valley), we describe the evolution of the glacial landscape using a Past-Present-Future framework. We then evaluate the present and post-glacial heritage values according to criteria used in the literature on geomorphosites. The results outline two main issues: (1) As glaciers retreat, the geoscientific value will depend more and more on the inherited glacial landforms, such as moraine ridges, which allow the understanding of the Earth and climate history, and less and less on the glacier itself and its dynamics. Their protection is therefore an important issue. (2) The aesthetic value of glacial landscapes could decrease because of the disappearance of the glacier (landscape greying). One possible adaptation could be a shift from glacier tourism, which is mainly oriented towards the contemplation of an aesthetic landscape, to geotourism, where the understanding of landscape evolution is proposed to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the commune of Bel Younech, which constitutes the eastern part of the Site of Biological and Ecological Interest (SBEI) of Jbel Moussa (Tangier, Tetouan, Al Hoceima, NW Morocco), 13 geosites have been selected along a 14-stop georoad. These sites are characterized by relevant geological diversity representing structural geology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, petrology, geomorphology, hydrogeology and hydrology. Some of these geosites also have a very interesting geoculture. The geodiversity sites have been evaluated using a numerical methodology based on recent literature that aimed to reduce the subjectivity related to any evaluation process. The evaluation concerned the scientific value (SV), the potential for educational use (PEU), the potential for tourist use (PTU) and the risk of degradation (DR), which was quantified using various criteria by assigning scores ranging from 0 to 4. The results of the quantitative assessment show that 8 sites with a scientific value greater than or equal to 3.5; this value allows them to be considered as geosites. The average values of the PUE and PUT were very high (3.7 and 3.5) while the risk of degradation was moderate (2.03). The values obtained justify the need of valorization and conservation of Bel Younech commune geosites by integrating the fundamental concepts of sustainable development. In fact, all the geosites are located on a 14-stop georoad; this could serve the geotourism as well as promote the activity and economic development of this commune. This work could be used for scientific, educational (within the framework of earth sciences) and touristic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the efficacy of the geoeducational assessment method (GEOAM) in evaluating the geoeducational potential of geosites. Leveraging a case study involving four geotopes on the island of Samos, Aegean Sea, Greece, this study examines the strengths and limitations of the GEOAM approach, aiming to comprehensively elucidate its efficacy. The assessment outcomes illuminate the vital role of targeted strategies in enhancing the educational and sustainable impact of geosites, thereby fostering geological understanding and responsible environmental engagement. A prominent finding is the urgency to address the gap in foundational geological knowledge, underscored by the need for robust geoeducation programs at schools and the augmented presence of geologists. While acknowledging potential limitations, including subjectivity in scoring and data availability constraints, this study underscores the method's broader contribution to societal goals. By integrating geoethic principles, GEOAM offers a comprehensive framework aligning with the objectives of geological comprehension and environmentally conscious practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Santa Maria dell'Isola is a rocky promontory surrounded by the Tyrrhenian Sea and located in Tropea municipality in Vibo Valentia Province (Calabria, southern Italy) (Fig. The preliminary results discussed herein suggest that the possible causes of the instability phenomena are imputable to the sandstone rocks' weak nature, the rock masses' high fracturing state, and the intense erosive processes by sea wave energy at the cliff foot. They show the topographic changes caused by rocks detached and the material accumulation at the foot of the cliff Conclusion Assessing the cause of the slope instability and focusing on site-specific geological characteristics are crucial steps before projecting suitable consolidation interventions. [Extracted from the article]

AbstractTo find the geotourism potential of a region or to measure the tourist potential of geoparks, researchers in Iran and the world have always sought to evaluate the geosites and geomorphosites of regions. The purpose of this study is to compare the models of Brilha, Comanescu, and Fassoulas, with Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s native model. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of each of the international models with the Iranian model. The study area with an area of 4257 square kilometers is located in the west of Khorasan Razavi, which can include parts of Sabzevar and Davarzan cities. This research has dealt with the subject with an analytical-comparative method. The data were collected using documentary and field methods and analyzed using GIS, SPSS, and Excel graphic and statistical software. The results of the research show that geomorphosites that are water erosion subsets have the highest scores in all models, and in contrast, wind erosion geomorphosites have the lowest scores. From the comparison of the models, it can be concluded that Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s model is the most consistent with Brilha’s model. The Brillha model can be used to evaluate the ophiolite and desert regions. The native model of Shayan Yeganeh is designed for the dry and semi-arid deserts and mountainous regions, and it seems that it is necessary to give a few changes and modifications for coastal and glacial areas. Regarding the innovation of the study, it investigates the latest Iranian model for evaluating geomorphosites and geosites and examines its strengths and weaknesses.Keywords: Evaluation, Geomorphosite, Geotourism, Geopark, Geoconservation, Khorasan Razavi. IntroductionGeomorphosites and geosites are parts of geodiversity and geoheritage. The protection of the geological heritage is an important goal for planners and managers (Brilha, 2015). Geomorphosites are the main components of the development of geotourism, which have certain values such as scientific, cultural, historical, aesthetic, and social economics. The maintenance and discovery of geodiversity and their evaluation can be geoconservation objectives and are considered the basis of particular geotourism activities (Andrasanu, 2009). One of the most effective ways of protecting and conserving geodiversity is to protect and preserve its valuable landmarks such as geoheritage (geological and geomorphic heritage). This study aims to compare the models of Brilha, Comanescu, and Fassoulas, with Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s (2017) native model. The study area with an area of 4257 square kilometers is located in the west of Khorasan Razavi. It includes parts of Sabzevar and Davarzan cities. The longitude of the area is between 56 to 57 degrees (east) and the latitude is between 35 to 36 degrees (north). Materials and MethodsThis study uses an analytical-comparative approach for the evaluation of geosites and geomorphosites. The data were collected using library and field methods and analyzed using GIS, SPSS, and Excel software. The native model of Shayan Yeganeh et al. (2017) designed for Iran's geoparks is computed with eight scientific, educational, service, protection and conservation, cultural, aesthetic, ecological, and indigenous values. In Brilha’s model, geosites and geomorphosites are scored based on the four main criteria of science, educational potential, touristic potential, and degradation risk (protective value). Comanescu’s model (2011) is based on five values (scientific, aesthetic, cultural, economic, and management). Fassoulas et al. (2012) presented a method of four educational, tourist, ecological, and conservation criteria (a score of 1 to 10) for a quantitative study of geosites to protect the geoheritage. Research FindingsThe results of this study show that Kalshoor River, watercolor, Sheikholeslami Qanat, Ophiolite Melange, Kamiz Dam, talus, fans, watershed management, catching in the watershed, and Mushroom Stone are respectively 10 geomorphosites that have the highest geoconservation scores. Drawing shapes, ripple marks, meander, Dike Nahaldan, Sabzevar Claypan, fault, perpendicular layers, sandy pyramids, manifold, and hamada have the lowest scores in geoconservation, respectively. In total, it can be said that geomorphosites that are water erosion subsets have the highest scores in all models; instead, wind erosion geomorphosites have the lowest scores. The Brilha method is the closest method to Shayan Yeganeh et al. for evaluating geomorphosites considering that the aesthetic and economic aspect of geomorphic cultures is insignificant. The models of Comanescu and Fassoulas are at later stages. Comanescu paid less attention to service values, and Fassoulas weakly examines the ecology of geomorphosites. Discussion of Results and Conclusion According to this study, it can be said that Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s model has good coverage of geomorphotoristic potential assessment. After assessing the potential of geomorphotourism, it can be calculated for each geopark as well. In this model, water forms like the Kalshoor River, watercolor, and Qanat Shaykholeslami have the highest protection levels, and wind and water shapes like drawing shapes, ripple marks, and Meander, have the weakest scores in the geoconservation of geoheritage. It can be concluded from the comparison of the models that Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s model is the most consistent with Brilha’s model. The latter can be used to evaluate the ophiolite and desert regions. The native model of Shayan Yeganeh et al. is designed for the dry and semi-arid deserts and mountainous regions. References- Abedini, M., Hemmati, T., Nezafat Tekle, B., & Khayati, A. (2022). Evaluating the capabilities of sustainable tourism development of geomorphosites using the Comanescu model and the Pavlova model (Case study: Sabalan tourist route to Hiran Pass). Quarterly Journal of Tourism Space, 11(44), 19-37 (in Persian).- Andrasanu, A. (2009). Geoeducation-a key part of geoconservation. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, 5-16.- Arora, K., Rajput, S., & Anand, R. (2020). Geomorphosites assessment for the development of scientific geo-tourism in north and middle andaman's, india. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 32(4), 1244-1251. 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This work is aimed at illustrating one of the most engaging geoparks in Europe, the Gole della Breggia Geopark. By following its geotrail, the visitors can observe a great deal of features that encompass a wide variety of sedimentary, stratigraphic, tectonic and paleogeographic processes. Its contents are popularized by a comprehensive geotrail that encompasses 23 geostops, enriched with explanatory panels, which enable viewers to gain an overall picture of the complex processes that led to the present-day configuration of the outcrops encountered in the geopark. We have selected five significative outcrops, which we have regarded as fully-fledged geosites, and which encompass the whole 170-million-year interval, from Early Jurassic to Late Miocene times, during which the rocks of the geopark were deposited and deformed. We have performed an assessment of the five geosites, using the most common criteria that can be applied for geosite evaluation. The results of the assessment show that the most valuable geosites are the Lombardian Maiolica, and the Limestone with Pelagic Bivalves. All five geosites, thanks to a QR code added to each figure along the text, can be viewed as virtual geosites (VGs), integrated by 360° videos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring new geosites and geoheritage opens opportunities for geotourism. One of the geomorphic features in central Saudi Arabia is the Tuwaiq Mountain, extending from the southern margin of the Nafud Sand Sea to the northwest margin of Rub' al Khali sand sea. Appraisal study in the Tuwaiq Mountain reveals the various geological and geomorphological features like Escarpment, mesa, butte, pinnacle, wadi network, and fossil. The majestic view of the Escarpment comprises the cliff, talus, and a birds-eye view of the wadi (fluvial valley), one of the prime viewpoints. Initially, cuesta was formed due to the tectonic movement associated with the opening of the Red Sea. Tectonic landforms like faults are continuously eroded and form the scarp. Gulley network indicates the dominance of a fluvial environment that later transformed into an aeolian environment. Therefore, the landforms’ evolution and geomorphic processes in different geological periods enhance this place’s geoheritage value. The Jurassic fossils remain in this area and are a unique geological attraction. Numerous dried-up gully networks are another viewpoint of the Tuwaiq Mountain, which is essential for biodiversity. Each potential tourist attraction is described in the context of protection, policy development, and enhanced additional attractions for geotourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjectivity is well-known to be one of the most significant issues encountered in evaluating geoheritage. Even if frequently used quantitative evaluation methods reduce this problem to some extent, it is impossible to eliminate subjectivity. Based on this problem, the present study aimed to integrate Bipolar Fuzzy Numbers (BFNs) into geoheritage assessment methods. The proposed methodological approach was applied as a case study on five geomorphosites detected in Artvin province in Türkiye. At this stage, six main and twenty-one sub-criteria obtained from the literature were compared with five alternatives and rated by five experts using linguistic variables. Then, the ratings of each expert were converted into BFNs and combined into a single matrix. This obtained matrix was transformed into the final matrix with the ranking function of BFNs. In the last stage, the criteria weights were determined with CRITIC, and the ranking values of the alternatives were determined according to the criteria with MABAC. According to the results, the most important geomorphosite was the Hatila Basalt Columns. The proposed methodological approach has proven to be a viable method of avoiding subjectivity in geoheritage assessment. In this sense, it is predicted to make significant theoretical contributions to the subject literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The movable geoheritage elements (minerals, fossils, rocks) are important part of geodiversity. Their anthropic vulnerability includes collection by geo-amateurs and professionals which has become a very popular activity in the last decades. The in situ protection of such geoheritage elements preserves their authenticity and integrity, but needs detailed inventory and assessment providing recommendation for geoconservation. The aim of this study is to investigate a medieval mining site of the Carpathians (Telkibánya, Hungary) where recent anthropic vulnerability related to mineral collecting. Earlier works emphasized the scientific, aesthetic, and geo-educational potential of the mineral association and mining heritage of the study area. Our field survey gives a review of medieval mining works and the current state of the surviving infrastructure identifies the major areas of mineral collecting disturbances and the integrity of the main and additional geological elements. Based on the degradation risk assessment, further conservation management initiatives are proposed by open collecting outcrops (exposure sites) and declared protection with controlled collecting (finite sites). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quarries are areas of pivotal importance for investigation, popularization, and educational purposes in the field of geosciences. Here, we focus on three quarries of Tuscany (La Serra, Arcille, and Certaldo) that have been home to significant finds of marine vertebrate fossils. The three selected localities are representative of the many active (La Serra), inactive (Arcille), and abandoned (Certaldo) Tuscan quarries where vertebrate-bearing Pliocene deposits are exposed. Given the richness and scientific value of their paleontological content (including holotypes as well as otherwise unique specimens), the abundance of exposed sedimentary structures, and the high potential for open-air musealization, the La Serra, Arcille, and Certaldo quarries should be regarded as geosites. These quarries are thoroughly described, and several suggestions for their preservation and valorization are proposed, focusing on their importance for geotourism, with the goal of reaching out to the broadest audience possible. Many innovative dissemination tools, including 3D technologies, are now available for pursuing such an aim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in the Foumbot-Kouomboum region (Noun Plain, Cameroon Volcanic Line), with the main objective of presenting (i) the geomorphological characteristics of the volcanic landforms and (ii) the inventory and evaluation of the main geomorphosites in the Foumbot-Kouomboum region. All the geomorphosites selected in this study are of volcanic origin and include four crater lakes (Monoun Lake, Mfouet Lake, Negop-Ghang Lake, Ngouondam Lake) and four Strombolian cones (Mfomben, Chapchap, Makwet, North-Njitande). Most of these volcanic geomorphosites are accessible and have volcanic features that highlight the geological significance of this region, warranting national and international recognition. These volcanic landscapes have relatively high scientific and additional values. The integrity of many of the selected geomorphosites is preserved and they are representative of the regional geomorphology. Some artisanal and industrial quarries, as well as agro-pastoral activities, tend to degrade certain geomorphosites that currently lack legal protection. The results of the inventory and evaluation of the selected geomorphosites show that they have enormous geotourism, educational and cultural potential that can be studied in depth with the aim of creating an UNESCO Global Geopark. Therefore, it is highly recommended to implement geoconservation policies for these geomorphosites. This will help to safeguard and enhance the natural beauty and unique volcanic landscapes they possess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to present a quantitative evaluation of the sites of geomorphological interest in the surroundings of Pedra da Boca State Park, Northeast Brazil. The methodology used was based on the proposal and procedures of Diniz, Araújo, and das Chagas' study in 2022, which considers scientific and aesthetic value as central to the definition of a geomorphosite. After the choice of the form and its due adaptations, the field stage was carried out, consisting of the application of the evaluation at the sites of interest. Thus, to classify a site as a geomorphosite, it is necessary to have a high scientific and/or aesthetic value in quantification. If it does not have a high value in these categories, but has some other potential, it can be considered a geomorphological site. As a result, the geomorphological sites that stood out the most were Pedra da Boca (Mouth Stone) State Park, Pedra da Macambira (Macambira Stone), Cânion do Macapá (Macapá Canyon), Porão do Macapá (Macapá Basement), Pedra do Chapéu (Hat Stone), Cânion da Serra Verde (Serra Verde Canyon) and Peladas (Bare Rock), with only the latter not reaching the quantification needed to be considered a geomorphosite, thus constituting six geomorphosites and one geodiversity site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in Kouoptamo, located in the Noun Plain in Western Cameroon, with the main objective of inventorying and evaluating the geological heritage, and promoting the protection and geoconservation of geosites, and their use in geotourism development. Geosites in the region include dammed lakes (Petpenoun lakes), maars (Sanka Ndoumkain Maar, Tchoua Maar), scoria cones (Nkoambeng, Kechuentim, Ngouen volcanoes), a dome (Njigoumbé Dome) and a managed natural area (Petponoun Domain). Most geosites have a high scientific, aesthetic and educational value. The method used for the inventory and assessment of geosites in this work is according to Reynard, et al. (2016), which is more suitable for geological heritage on a regional scale. The scientific value in this method is composed of four criteria, namely rarity, representativeness, integrity and palaeogeographical interest. Each of these criteria is evaluated independently by a numerical score ranging from 0 (nil) to 1 (very high) in intervals of 0.25. The overall average scientific value of the Kouoptamo geosites is 0.77. Nkoambeng Volcano has the highest scientific value (0.88), followed by Tchoua Maar, Sanka Ndoumkain Maar, Njigoumbé Dome and Ngouen Volcano, all of which score 0.81, while Kechuentim Volcano and Petpenoun Domain score 0.75 and 0.69, respectively. The integrity of several of these geosites is preserved, mainly the Petpenoun lakes, the Tchoua Maar, and the Sanka Ndoumkain Maar. Geosites such as Sanka Ndoumkain Maar, Tchoua Maar, Njigoumbé Dome and the Nkoambeng, Kechuentim, and Ngouen volcanoes are representative of the regional geomorphology. Artisanal quarries (Nkoambeng Volcano) and industrial quarries (Njigoumbé Dome), as well as agro-pastoral activities, tend to degrade these geosites, which in general do not benefit from any legal protection. It is strongly recommended that geoconservation policies be adopted for these geosites, in order to preserve and develop these sites for their considerable geotourism potential while taking into account the current resource and land usage to find an optimum, sustainable strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNESCO Global Geoparks are recognised in the scientific community for their exceptional geological significance, but their potential to embrace and preserve cultural heritage sites is underestimated. This study delves into a pioneering approach within the Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark (NW Italy), examining the integration of culturally significant sites into conservation and promotion strategies. To achieve a successful integration, we adapted a methodology used for the identification and assessment of geosites, incorporating the criteria of cultural significance, to assess the value of 10 cultural sites within the geopark and compare the results with the assessment values of 10 geosites. Moreover, we submitted survey questionnaires to geopark tourists to understand their interest in visiting both geosites and cultural sites. The findings reveal the remarkable scientific, educational, and touristic values of these cultural sites, which constitute an important resource for the geopark, to be enhanced and protected together with the geosites. Interestingly, the higher scientific value of cultural sites corresponds to increased visitor interest, which is in contrast to the trend observed for geosites. Through this unified approach, the monitoring of cultural heritage within the geopark is simplified and improved, enabling a comprehensive inventory and efficient administration. Moreover, by aligning visitor interests with scientific value, the Sesia Val Grande Geopark can enhance conservation and sustainable tourism efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inventory and evaluation of geosites are fundamental steps of any geoconservation strategies and in setting priorities for the management of protected areas. The North-Marchean Apennines (central Italy) host an extraordinary geoheritage, making its use by society worthwhile and meaningful (e.g., teaching/learning, tourism, and recreation). An area of 600 square kilometres embracing 18 municipalities, mainly distributed along the Mt. Catria–Mt. Nerone ridge, is home to numerous spectacular geosites. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental heritage of the North-Marchean Apennines through the recognition, selection, and description of an extensive list of geosites, with a view to providing useful data for the establishment of a possible geopark discussed in the context of a region that is rich in protected areas. Among these, seven geosites were chosen as representative of the area and were processed through a quantitative evaluation method. The calculated Q-values are indicative of geosites of high significance and well represent the great variety and strong potential of this area. The seven geosites, witnesses of sites with a high aesthetic value, are framed from a geological and geomorphological point of view, without neglecting the additional values that make these localities particularly attractive for geotouristic and educational purposes. The study area is finally framed in the context of the region's protected areas, with a view to the conservation and enhancement of its environmental heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]