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The term "hidradenitis" designates diseases with inflammatory infiltrate around a sweat gland. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a reactive disorder usually induced by malignancy or chemotherapeutics, characterized by typically erythematous, edematous papules and plaques on the extremities, trunk, face, and palmar and plantar regions. In histopathology, dense neutrophilic infiltration around the eccrine gland can be seen. In this case, we report a rare case of granulomatous eccrine hidradenitis in a 3-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with intense granulomatous inflammation around the eccrine ducts in histopathology., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: Information regarding pregabalin use is limited. We aimed to assess the outcome of the patients who have taken pregabalin at a certain time during their pregnancies., Methods: 31 patients used pregabalin treatment during pregnancy and 93 control patients were included in the study who applied to hospital between the years 2013-2022. In this multicenter case-controlled study, the outcome of the pregnancies and the health condition of the newborn in the pregabalin and control groups were evaluated., Results: Preterm delivery rates (5/27 (18.5%) vs. 5/87 (5.7%); OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07-1.01, p=0.04) and lower birth weight (6/27 (22.2%) vs. 5/81 (6.6%); OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.20-15.65, p=0.016) were found higher in the pregabalin group compared to the control group. However, significant difference was not found between the birth dates of babies in pregabalin and control groups with the log-rank test (p=0.30). Spontaneous abortion rates were not significantly different (2/31 (6.4%) vs. 4/93 (4.3%); OR 1.52, 95% CI 0.26-8.72, p=0.63). Although major malformation rates in pregabalin were higher than those in controls (3/27 (11%) vs. 4/88 (4.5%); OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.07-1.82, p=0.21) the outcomes were statistically insignificant., Conclusion: Preterm delivery rates and lower birth weight were higher in pregabalin group. Also, it should not be ignored that chronic diseases of the pregnant women in pregabalin group may affect the outcomes poorly., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

The studies on childhood chronic urticaria (CU) are limited. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and etiological factors of children with CU. Demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, and etiological factors of patients diagnosed with CU younger than the age of 18 were retrospectively evaluated. Of the 124 participants, 68 (54.8%) were aged 12 and older. Angioedema accompanied 18.5% of the patients. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) was found in 75%, while 24.2% had chronic inducible urticaria. Symptomatic dermographism (16.1%) was the most common among chronic inducible urticaria, followed by cholinergic urticaria (4.8%). No etiological factor could be detected in 56.5% of the children. Infections (29.8%) were the most common etiological factor, followed by drugs (8%). Dental problems (16.9%) were the primary infections associated with CU. Chronic urticaria prevalence in children increased with age, with CSU being the most common type. Infections played a significant role in childhood CU., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objectives: In this study, the effects of sex and birth type on growth performance, withers height (WH), radiographic measurements and selected hormone profiles in Gurcu goat kids were investigated., Methods: Twenty kids (single female = 5, single male = 5, twin female = 5, twin male = 5) were included in the study. Body weight (BW), WH, radiographic measurements (humerus length [HL], radius length [RL], proximal humerus epiphyseal plate width [HEP] and distal ulna epiphyseal plate width [UEP]) and biochemical analysis (for serum calcitonin, free triiodothyronine [FT3], free thyroxine [FT4], growth hormone [GH] and insulin-like growth factor-I [IGF-I]) were performed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 months of age., Results: BW was significantly higher in males starting from the seventh month compared to females (p < 0.05). HL was higher in males at seventh (p = 0.009) and ninth (p = 0.033) months, whereas RL was lower in twins at the third month (p = 0.021). UEP was wider in males at seventh (p = 0.008) and ninth (p = 0.036) months. Closure of HEP was observed in 65% of kids by the 12th month. Calcitonin was lower in twins at third (p = 0.045) and fifth (p = 0.006) months, with changes observed due to group and time effects (p < 0.05), whereas other hormones only changed with time (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between BW, WH, HL, RL and IGF-I. There was a negative correlation between BW, WH, HL, RL, IGF-I and HEP, UEP, calcitonin, FT3, FT4, GH., Conclusion: Sex and birth type in Gurcu goat kids may have an impact on growth performance, radiographic measurements and certain hormonal profiles., (© 2024 The Author(s). Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In this study, the effect of intaking hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on the metabolic profile of Gurcu goats during the peripartum period and the survival/growth performance of kids were evaluated. Twenty-three pregnant goats were divided into two groups 21-23 days before the due date. Group 1 (G1, n = 10) was given HRW from day 21 before delivery until day 21 after delivery. Group 2 (G2, n = 13) served as the control. Blood samples were weekly taken from 21 days before delivery until 21 days after delivery. Hydrogen-rich water increased serum glucose concentration on the delivery day more than in G2 (P = 0.016). Hydrogen-rich water decreased serum total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and creatinine (P = 0.05) concentration at delivery. Group effect and time effect were significant in triglyceride (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively) and albumin (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively) concentration. Aspartate transaminase decreased towards the delivery day in G1 (P < 0.05). Serum non-esterified fatty acids concentration was lower in G1 than in G2, but there was no significant differences (P > 0.05). Beta-hydroxybutyric acid concentration an increased in both groups during the prepartum period, although there was no significance (P > 0.05). Hydrogen-rich water did not affect the birth weight and growth performance of the kids (P > 0.05), but it increased their survival rates and overall health, although there was no significance (P > 0.05). In conclusion, HRW may have an impact on the metabolic profiles during the peripartum period and have a positive effect on lipid profiles. Additionally, intaking HRW to goats during the peripartum period may improve the health and survival of kids and reduce their mortality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Despite being increasingly observed in daily practice, epicardial atrial tachycardias (Epi AT) have not been extensively characterized. In the present study, we retrospectively characterize electrophysiological properties, electroanatomic ablation targeting, and outcomes of this ablation strategy., Methods: Patients who underwent scar-based macro-reentrant left atrial tachycardia mapping and ablation patients with at least one Epi AT, which had a complete endocardial map, were selected for the inclusion. Based on current electroanatomical knowledge, Epi ATs were classified based by utilization of following epicardial structures: Bachmann's bundle, septopulmonary bundle, vein of Marshall. Endocardial breakthrough (EB) sites were analyzed as well as entrainment parameters. EB site was targeted for initial ablation., Results: Among seventy-eight patients undergoing scar-based macro-reentrant left atrial tachycardia ablation, fourteen (17.8%) patients met the inclusion criteria for Epi AT and were included in the study. Sixteen Epi ATs were mapped, four utilizing Bachmann's bundle, five utilizing septopulmonary bundle, and seven utilizing vein of Marshall. Fractionated, low amplitude signals were present at EB sites. Rf terminated the tachycardia in ten patients; activation changed in five patients and in one patient atrial fibrillation ensued. During the follow-up, there were three recurrences., Conclusions: Epicardial left atrial tachycardias are a distinct type of macro-reentrant tachycardias that can be characterized by activation and entrainment mapping, without need for epicardial access. Endocardial breakthrough site ablation reliably terminates these tachycardias with good long-term success., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used in the treatment of primary breast cancer. Different staging systems have been developed to evaluate the residual tumor after NAC and classify patients into different prognostic groups. Ki67, a proliferation marker, has been shown to be useful in predicting treatment response and prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic importance Neo-Bioscore stage and pretreatment and posttreatment Ki67 levels in breast cancer patients who received NAC and correlations between Neo-Bioscore stage and pretreatment and posttreatment Ki67 levels., Methods: A total of 176 invasive breast carcinoma patients who underwent NAC were included in the study. Ki67 levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical methods in Trucut biopsy and surgical excision specimens. Patients were classified into prognostic groups using the Neo-Bioscore staging system., Results: Patients with high pretreatment Ki67 score were more likely to be in the higher Neo-Bioscore risk group (p < 0.001). Patients with a high posttreatment Ki67 score were more likely to be in the higher Neo-Bioscore prognostic risk group (p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were shorter in patients with high posttreatment Ki67 scores and in patients in the higher Neo-Bioscore risk group. We also determined a cutoff 37% for pathological complete response., Conclusion: Neo-Bioscore staging system is found to be important in predicting survival. The posttreatment Ki67 level is more important than pretreatment Ki67 level in predicting survival., (© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.)

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment strategies applied to the patients with ectopic pregnancy admitted to our tertiary care center before and during the pandemic., Methods: Women aged 18-45 years, who were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the pre- and postpandemic periods, were included in this case-control study., Results: A total of 173 patients, 116 patients before the pandemic and 57 patients during the pandemic, were included in the study. The rate of admissions from the emergency department was higher during the pandemic than before the pandemic ( P = 0.003). The rupture was detected significantly higher during the outbreak (13/116 [11.2%]) than before the pandemic (16/57 [28.1%]) ( P = 0.009). While conservative treatment was applied more frequently in the prepandemic period, it was observed that patients were treated surgically more frequently during the pandemic period ( P = 0.003). While laparoscopic surgery was preferred before the pandemic, laparotomy was applied to all patients during the pandemic ( P < 0.001)., Conclusions: In the first wave of the outbreak, there were delays in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies, and these patients presented with ruptures more frequently than before the pandemic. Furthermore, surgical treatment methods were used more than conservative therapies during the outbreak., Competing Interests: None declared., (Copyright: © 2023 Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine.)

Neural computation is often traced in terms of either rate- or phase-codes. However, most circuit operations will simultaneously affect information across both coding schemes. It remains unclear how phase and rate coded information is transmitted, in the face of continuous modification at consecutive processing stages. Here, we study this question in the entorhinal cortex (EC)- dentate gyrus (DG)- CA3 system using three distinct computational models. We demonstrate that DG feedback inhibition leverages EC phase information to improve rate-coding, a computation we term phase-to-rate recoding. Our results suggest that it i) supports the conservation of phase information within sparse rate-codes and ii) enhances the efficiency of plasticity in downstream CA3 via increased synchrony. Given the ubiquity of both phase-coding and feedback circuits, our results raise the question whether phase-to-rate recoding is a recurring computational motif, which supports the generation of sparse, synchronous population-rate-codes in areas beyond the DG., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and microbiological effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 containing yogurt as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients., Materials and Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical study registered with NCT05408364 under clinical trial registration. Thirty periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups at random. As adjunctive to supra and subgingival instrumentation, the test group consumed Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 containing yogurt while the control group consumed natural yogurt, once daily for 28 days. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 28th day, and 3rd month. Microbiological analysis was performed using culture method by obtaining subgingival plaque samples from 2 periodontal sites with 4≤PD≤6 mm at the same time points., Results: The inter-group comparisons of PI, GI, and BOP as well as the changes between the measurement time points were statistically significant in favor of the test group. There were no significant differences in terms of PD and CAL changes between the study groups at all times (∆baseline-28 days, ∆baseline-3 months) (p>0.05). The number of patients presenting subgingival Bifidobacterium species was significantly greater in the test group than the control group at the 28th day (p<0.05)., Conclusions: The administration of probiotics has shown beneficial effects, albeit limited, on clinical and microbiological outcomes in the management of periodontitis patients., Clinical Relevance: Daily consumption of probiotic yogurt may be supportive for supra and subgingival instrumentation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: Periodontal instrumentation during supragingival prophylaxis may increase enamel surface roughness, which may lead to increased dental biofilm accumulation and demineralization of the enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the enamel surface profilometrically after the application of different scaler tips used for the professional supragingival prophylaxis. Materials and methods: Forty-eight enamel block samples obtained from extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were prepared and randomly assigned to four different treatment groups. Each treatment group was instrumented by the same clinician with different tools as Group 1: Er:YAG laser chisel tip, Group 2: scaler, Group 3: new generation universal curette; and Group 4: ultrasonic device. Sample surfaces were evaluated with a profilometer before and after instrumentations and after the polishing process. Results: Baseline roughness of the prepared enamel samples was similar between the groups. After instrumentation and polishing, the Er:YAG laser chisel tip revealed the most irregular surface morphology, whereas the new generation curette induced the smoothest surface. Conclusions: New generation universal curette is a promising tool, which can be used safely for supragingival calculus removal without the need for polishing on enamel surfaces.

Background: Piezocision, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, has been used to accelerate tooth movement'' is appropriate as a background to the abstract section., Aim: The aim of this randomized split-mouth study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) osteocalcin (OC) and type I collagen cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) levels during canine distalization with and without piezocision acceleration., Material and Methods: Fifteen systemically healthy subjects (M:F 7:8, 16.27 ± 1.14 years) requiring extraction of maxillary first premolars before retraction of canines were included in the study. Piezocisions were randomly carried out on one of the maxillary canines while bilateral canines served as controls. Canine distalization was conducted using closed-coil springs applying a force of 150 g/side by using miniscrews as anchorage. GCF sampling was performed from maxillary canine mesial and distal sites at baseline, 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. The GCF levels of OC and ICTP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rate of tooth movement was evaluated at 2-week intervals., Results: The amounts of canine distalization from baseline to 14 and 28 days in the piezocision group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The GCF OC level of the piezocision group on the tension side and the ICTP level of the same group on the compression side were higher than the respective sides of the control group on day 14 (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Piezocision was found to be an effective treatment procedure for accelerating canine distalization accompanied by increased levels of OC and ICTP., Competing Interests: None

In our study, we aimed to reveal the role of plasma atherogenicity index and mean platelet volume in predicting the risk of developing a 1-year major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). This study, which was planned from the retrospective cross-sectional study model, was performed with 100 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI and scheduled for coronary angiography. The laboratory values of the patients were evaluated, the atherogenicity index of plasma was calculated, and the 1-year MACE status was evaluated. In total, 79 of the patients were male and 21 were female. The average age is 60.8 years. At the end of the first year, the MACE improvement rate was found to be 29%. The PAI value was below 0.11 in 39% of the patients, between 0.11 and 0.21 in 14%, and above 0.21 in 47%. The 1-year MACE development rate was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients and patients with hyperlipidemia. Lymphocyte count and triglyceride values of the patients in the high-risk group of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were found to be higher than the patients in the low-risk group. The neutrophil/lymphocyte, thrombocyte/lymphocyte ratios and high-density lipoprotein values of the patients in the high-risk group of AIP were found to be lower than those in the low-risk group. The rate of MACE development was found to be significantly higher in patients in the high-risk group of AIP ( p  = 0.02). No correlation was found between the mean platelet volume and the MACE development status. While no significant relationship was found between MPV and MACE in NSTEMI patients, AIP, which includes atherogenic parameters, was found to be correlated with MACE., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None declared., (International College of Angiology. This article is published by Thieme.)

Background. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) gynecologic scarless surgery in benign and malignant class 2 and class 3 obese patients. Materials and methods. The class 2 and class 3 obese women undergoing vNOTES scarless surgery for benign and malign indications at a tertiary referral medical center between January 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and surgical outcomes were measured. Results. In this study, 81 class 2 and class 3 obese patients underwent gynecological procedures using vNOTES scarless surgery. Of the 81 operations, 55 of the class 2 obese patients with benign pathologies, and 26 of the class 3 obese patients had malign pathologies. No conversion to conventional laparoscopy or even laparotomy was needed in any of the procedures. All of the surgeries were performed by the same surgeon (Prof. Dr Ahmet Kale). vNOTES scarless surgery was performed on 26 class 3 obese patients with malign pathologies. Of the 26 class 3 obese patients, 22 of the class 3 obese patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma had very high mean body mass index 41.5 kg/m2 (range 20.6-56) and 4 of the class 3 obese patients had ascites with unknown cause and diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The mean postoperative pain VAS scores of class 2 obese patients undergoing vNOTES scarless surgery with benign pathology at 6, 12, and 24 h were 3.19, 1.11, and .66, respectively, and the mean postoperative pain VAS scores of class 3 obese patients underwent vNOTES scarless surgery with malign pathology at 6, 12, and 24 h were 3.30, 1.76, and 1.03, respectively. Conclusion. vNOTES scarless surgery is an alternative surgical method for diagnosis and treatment not only in benign obese cases, but also in severely obese patients with early stage endometrial cancer and patients had with ascites with unknown cause. In the near future, vNOTES scarless surgery will become more preferable by experienced surgeons in benign and malignant obese cases as it has increased satisfaction with esthetic results such as less pain, and improved postoperative quality of life in the short and long term.

This study aimed to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship between intra- and inter-breeds of Zavot cattle raised locally in and around Kars province, Türkiye. A total of 209 [Zavot (ZAV) n = 49, Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) n = 40, Simmental (SIM) n = 40, Brown-Swiss (BS) n = 40, and Holstein (HOLS) n = 40] non-related cattle without any clinical health problems were evaluated. Using the standard phenol-chloroform method, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from blood samples and amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 19 bovine-specific microsatellite markers. A capillary electrophoresis process was applied to the denatured PCR products. A total of 274 different alleles were identified, with an average of 10.29 and an average of effective alleles of 5.38. According to the genetic distance matrix between populations, the largest genetic distance was found between ZAV-HOLS (0.358) populations, while ZAV-EAR populations were located at the same roots. The largest F ST value (0.072) was found among ZAV-HOLS populations. According to the factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) graph, each population was located separately but also showed a mixture, especially the ZAV, EAR, and BS populations. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) values were the lowest (0.44) for the BM2113 marker and the highest (0.92) for the TGLA53 marker. In conclusion, ZAV cattle bred in the Kars region were found to be completely separate from the BS and SIM breeds which were claimed to have contributed to the formation of the ZAV breed. Since currently the native breeds, which are symbolic of the region, inbreeding cannot be prevented, an increase in studies devoted to the protection of these breeds and the establishment of pure herds will be useful for the future of native cattle in Türkiye., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented conditions for overall health care systems by restricting resources for non-COVID-19 patients. As the burden of the disease escalates, routine elective surgeries are being cancelled. The aim of this paper was to provide a guideline for management of endocrine surgical disorders during a pandemic., Methods: We used Delphi method with a nine-scale Likert scale on two rounds of voting involving 64 experienced eminent surgeons and endocrinologists who had the necessary experience to provide insight on endocrine disorder management. All voting was done by email using a standard questionnaire., Results: Overall, 37 recommendations were voted on. In two rounds, all recommendations reached an agreement and were either endorsed or rejected. Endorsed statements include dietary change in primary hyperparathyroidism, Cinacalcet treatment in secondary hyperparathyroidism, alpha-blocker administration for pheochromocytoma, methimazole ± β-blocker combination for Graves' disease, and follow-up for fine-needle aspiration results of thyroid nodules indicated as Bethesda 3-4 cytological results and papillary microcarcinoma., Conclusion: This survey summarizes expert opinion for the management of endocrine surgical conditions during unprecedented times when access to surgical treatment is severely disrupted. The statements are not applicable in circumstances in which surgical treatment is possible., (© 2021. Italian Society of Surgery (SIC).)