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Abstract Purpose We aimed to compare the outcomes and complications of anatomical shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis with intact cuff tissue. Materials and methods The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies published before March 2, 2021 using the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they directly compared aTSA and rTSA for treating primary glenohumeral arthritis. A meta-analysis was performed using six studies that compared radiologic outcomes, functional scores, and range of motion (ROM). All the data were pooled using a random-effects model. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as dichotomous data, while continuous data were analyzed using mean differences with 95% CIs. Results Two independent researchers reviewed 1,061 studies. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. The range of motion, especially external rotation, was better for aTSA than for rTSA (MD = − 10.28, 95% CI: − 16.69 to − 3.88, P = 0.002). Functional scores showed no difference between aTSA and rTSA. Glenoid loosening (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06–0.50, P = 0.001) was more common with aTSA, and scapula notching (OR = 10.63, 95% CI: 1.73–65.27, P = 0.01) with rTSA. In the mid-term follow-up, the overall revision rate showed no difference between aTSA and rTSA, with a pooled OR of 0.33 (95% CI: 0.07–1.57, P = 0.16). Conclusion A better ROM was achieved after aTSA than after rTSA. There was no difference in the revision rate at mid-term follow-up between aTSA and rTSA. Glenoid loosening was more common with aTSA, and scapula notching with rTSA. Level of evidence: Level IV, Meta-analysis.

Purpose: To demonstrate the differences between outcomes and complications after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA), according to the types of lateralized prosthesis designs: glenoid-based lateralization (LG) and humerus-based lateralization (LH). Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies published before 1 April 2021, using the PRISMA guidelines. A network meta-analysis was applied for indirect comparison, incorporating studies including medialized or conventional Grammont prosthesis and each lateralized prosthesis (LG vs control and LH vs control). Out of 1,989 screened studies, 11 studies were included to compare functional scores, range of motion (ROM), radiologic outcomes, and revision rates. In addition, six articles from the included studies, which had repaired subscapularis after rTSA were analyzed to exclude the potential influence of subscapularis repair on the outcomes. The data were pooled using a random-effects model. The pooled estimates of the mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for continuous data, while dichotomous data were analyzed using the pooled relative risk (RR) and their 95% CIs. Results: The ROM, complications, and functional scores were similar between the two groups. In subgroup analysis of 6 studies involving concomitant subscapularis repair, the LH group showed higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores and Constant scores than the control group. Regarding the ROM, LH group showed better forward elevation than the LG group (LH vs LG: MD 10.07, 95% CI −9.05–29.19). Conclusion: Overall, the outcomes and occurrence of complications were not significantly different between the two lateralized prosthesis groups. However, when the subscapularis was repaired, LH prosthesis seems to be more suitable to obtain a better ASES score and ROM. Level of Evidence: Level III, network meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the potential of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) combinations as a novel and cost-effective substitute for human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) in promoting gut health and reducing inflammation. In vitro studies using caco-2 cells showed that 2′-FL and GOS combinations (H1 = GOS:2′-FL ratio of 1.8:1; H2 = GOS:2′-FL ratio of 3.6:1) reduced LPS-induced inflammation by decreasing pro-inflammatory markers, whereas individual treatments had no significant effects. In a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, combined 2′-FL and GOS supplementation alleviated symptoms, improved gut permeability, and enhanced intestinal structure, with the GH1 group (H1 combo with DSS) being the most effective. 2′-Fucosyllactose and GOS combinations also enhanced short-chain fatty acid production in infant fecal batch fermentation and mouse fecal analysis, with GH1 showing the most promising results. The GH1 supplementation altered gut microbiota in mice with DSS-induced colitis, promoting microbial diversity and a more balanced Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio. Infant formula products (IFP) containing 2′-FL and GOS combinations (IFP2 = 174 mg of GOS and 95 mg of 2′-FL per 14 g serving, 1.8:1 ratio; IFP3 = 174 mg of GOS and 48 mg of 2′-FL per 14 g serving, 3.6:1 ratio) demonstrated gastrointestinal protective and anti-inflammatory properties in a co-culture model of caco-2 and THP-1 cells. These findings suggest that 2′-FL and GOS combinations have potential applications in advanced infant formulas and supplements to promote gut health and reduce inflammation.

BackgroundTrans fatty acids (TFAs) are unsaturated fatty acids, with vaccenic acid (VA) and elaidic acid (EA) being the major constituents. While VA has been associated with beneficial effects on health and anti-cancer properties, EA is found in hardened vegetable oils and is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel method for the quantitative measurement of VA and EA, aiming to accurately analyze individual TFA and apply it for the assessment of products containing TFAs.MethodsThe ratio of VA to EA (V/E ratio) was evaluated using a silver ion cartridge (SIC) solid phase extraction method removing cis-fatty acids (cis-FAs). Additionally, comparative analysis of the V/E ratio was conducted by the two methods (SIC treatment and untreated) using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS).ResultsThe removal efficiency of cis-FAs was greater than 97.8%. However, the total TFA contents were not so different from SIC treatment. Moreover, this approach not only allowed for a more precise determination of the V/E ratio but also revealed a significant distinction between natural trans fatty acids (N-TFAs) and hydrogenated trans fatty acids (H-TFAs).ConclusionTherefore, the SIC coupled to the GC × GC-TOFMS presented in this study could be applied to discriminate N-TFA and H-TFA contents in dairy and fatty foods.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous fungal toxin found in agricultural products and foods that is toxic to both humans and animals. OTA mainly affects kidney, but the mechanisms underlying OTA-induced nephrotoxicity remain not fully understood. MicroRNA (miRNA) is involved in key cellular processes. The toxic mechanism and regulatory effects of miRNAs on OTA toxicity in kidney, and particularly the role of HIFα-1/miR-155–5p on OTA-caused ER stress and fibrosis, were investigated in this study. OTA induced hypoxia-like conditions such as ER stress and fibrosis in HK-2 cells and renal tissues via modulating HIF-1α, which was followed by regulation of ER stress-related proteins (GRP78 and ATF-4), as well as fibrosis-related markers (fibronectin, α-SMA, and E-cadherin). Notably, a total of 62 miRNAs showed significant differential expression in kidney of OTA-treated mice. Under OTA exposure, HIF-1α enhanced miR-155–5p expression, causing ER stress and fibrosis in HK-2 cells. HIF-1α knockdown decreased OTA-induced miR-155–5p expression as well as ER stress and fibrotic responses, whereas miR-155–5p overexpression restored this. Our data suggest that OTA enhances ER stress and fibrosis in the kidney through upregulating the HIF-1α/miR-155–5p link.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) are organic chemicals that are widely used in the manufacture of a wide range of human-made products. Many monitoring findings revealed the presence of PFASs and PFECAs in numerous environmental sources, including water, soil, and air, which drew more attention to both chemicals. Because of their unknown toxicity, the discovery of PFASs and PFECAs in a variety of environmental sources was viewed as a cause for concern. In the present study, male mice were given orally one of the typical PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and one of the representative PFECAs, hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA). The liver index showing hepatomegaly rose significantly after 90 d of exposure to PFOA and HFPO-DA, respectively. While sharing similar suppressor genes, both chemicals demonstrated unique hepatotoxic mechanisms. In different ways, these two substances altered the expression of hepatic stress-sensing genes as well as the regulation of nuclear receptors. Not only are bile acid metabolism-related genes in the liver altered, but cholesterol metabolism-related genes as well. These results indicate that PFOA and HFPO-DA both cause hepatotoxicity and bile acid metabolism impairment with distinct mechanisms.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that induces fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in kidneys and livers. It enters our bodies through food consumption, where it is absorbed in the intestines. However, the impact of OTA on the intestines is yet to be studied. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs that block the transcription of specific mRNAs and are, therefore, involved in many biochemical processes. Our findings indicate that OTA can induce EMT and intestinal fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. This study examines the impact of OTA on intestinal toxicity and the role of miRNAs in this process. Following OTA treatment, miR-155-5p was the most elevated miRNA by next-generation sequencing. Our research showed that OTA increased miR-155-5p levels through transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), leading to the development of intestinal fibrosis and EMT. Additionally, the study identified that the modulation of TGF-β and miR-155-5p by OTA is linked to the inhibition of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and Smad2/3 accumulation in the progression of intestinal fibrosis.

Purpose: This study evaluated the dentin bonding strength and biomineralization effect off a recently developed premixed calcium aluminate-based endodontic sealer (Dia-Root Bio Sealer) in comparison with existing calcium silicate-based sealers. Methods: The root canals off 80 mandibular premolars were filled with Dia-Root Bio Sealer, Endoseal MTA, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. Medial and apical specimens were then obtained by sectioning. The push-out bond strength was measured using the medial specimens, and the failure mode was recorded. Intratubular biomineralization in the apical specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). Results: The push-out bond strength of Dia-Root Bio Sealer was signif- cantly higher than that of the other tested materials, and a cohesive failure pattern was observed in all groups. Dia-Root Bio Sealer also exhibited a signifcantly higher degree of biomineralization than the other groups, and EDS analysis indicated that the biomineralized precipitates were amorphous calcium phosphate. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Dia-Root Bio Sealer has the potential to be used as an adequate root canal sealer due to its favorable bonding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the degree of phase transformation, surface roughness, and bond strength of zirconia immersed for various times in a 40% hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. Non-etched sintered zirconia specimens were used as the control, while experimental groups were etched with a 40% HF solution for 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 min. In each of the control and experimental groups, five specimens for X-ray diffraction analysis, four for surface morphology and surface roughness analysis, and ten for bonding strength measurement were used. As a result, the surface roughness of zirconia increased as the application time increased during the 40% HF etching, but the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement did not increase proportionally. The phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic also gradually increased with application time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyse the amendment process of the resident participatory budgeting ordinance of the Suwon City Government by applying Kingdon's Policy Stream Framework, and to explore ways to activate the participatory budgeting system. This study examines the three streams in the Kingdon’s Policy Stream Framework influenced by the revision of the participatory budgeting ordinance and identifies who played a leading role. In particular, this study analyses to resolve the structural limitation of the system and suggests ways to revitalize the system. As a result, it is necessary to audit the political stream of Kingdon’s 3 policy stream in order to legislate a new system such as the participatory budgeting system. The political stream is the most influential in deciding whether to introduce participatory budgeting. It is also important to make a cooperative network among local government, local council and NonGovernmental Organisations (NGOs) in order to solve the structural limitations of the participatory budgeting system, such as the lack of professionalism and representatives of the residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of barium titanate (BT) on the dielectricity, radiopacity, and biological properties of tricalcium silicate (C3S). C3S/BT samples were prepared with varying proportions of BT (0, 20, 40, and 60 wt%; referred to as BT00, BT20, BT40, and BT60, respectively). Dielectric constant and radiopacity were measured. Cytocompatibility was evaluated on human dental pulp cells. After surgical procedures on rat mandible, immunohistochemistry and Masson's trichrome staining were performed. The dielectric constant increased with higher proportions of BT (p<0.05). BT40 and BT60 satisfied the clinical guideline of radiopacity. There were no significant differences among groups in the cytocompatibility tests (p>0.05). New bone was observed well, along with the expressions of the dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteocalcin (OC), and osteonectin (ON) in BT40 and BT60. Conclusively, the contents of 40-60 wt% of BT in C3S provided proper radiopacity, favorable cytocompatibility, and beneficial effect on bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fucoidan from brown seaweeds has several biological effects, including preserving intestinal integrity. To investigate the intestinal protective properties of high molecular weight fucoidan (HMWF) from Undaria pinnatifida on intestinal integrity dysfunction caused by methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), one of the dietary advanced-glycation end products (dAGEs) in the human-colon carcinoma-cell line (Caco-2) cells and ICR mice. According to research, dAGEs may damage the intestinal barrier by increasing gut permeability. The findings of the study showed that HMWF + MG-H1 treatment reduced by 16.8% the amount of reactive oxygen species generated by MG-H1 treatment alone. Furthermore, HMWF + MGH-1 treatment reduced MG-H1-induced monolayer integrity disruption, as measured by alterations in transepithelial electrical resistance (135% vs. 75.5%) and fluorescein isothiocyanate incorporation (1.40 × 10−6 cm/s vs. 3.80 cm/s). HMWF treatment prevented the MG-H1-induced expression of tight junction markers, including zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in Caco-2 cells and mouse colon tissues at the mRNA and protein level. Also, in Caco-2 and MG-H1-treated mice, HMWF plays an important role in preventing receptor for AGEs (RAGE)-mediated intestinal damage. In addition, HMWF inhibited the nuclear factor kappa B activation and its target genes leading to intestinal inflammation. These findings suggest that HMWF with price competitiveness could play an important role in preventing AGEs-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.