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Background There are no consensus definitions for evaluating kidney function recovery after acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute kidney disease (AKD), nor is it clear how recovery varies across populations and clinical subsets. We present a federated analysis of four population-based cohorts from Canada, Denmark and Scotland, 2011–18. Methods We identified incident AKD defined by serum creatinine changes within 48 h, 7 days and 90 days based on KDIGO AKI and AKD criteria. Separately, we applied changes up to 365 days to address widely used e-alert implementations that extend beyond the KDIGO AKI and AKD timeframes. Kidney recovery was based on resolution of AKD and a subsequent creatinine measurement below 1.2× baseline. We evaluated transitions between non-recovery, recovery and death up to 1 year; within age, sex and comorbidity subgroups; between subset AKD definitions; and across cohorts. Results There were 464 868 incident cases, median age 67–75 years. At 1 year, results were consistent across cohorts, with pooled mortalities for creatinine changes within 48 h, 7 days, 90 days and 365 days (and 95% confidence interval) of 40% (34%–45%), 40% (34%–46%), 37% (31%–42%) and 22% (16%–29%) respectively, and non-recovery of kidney function of 19% (15%–23%), 30% (24%–35%), 25% (21%–29%) and 37% (30%–43%), respectively. Recovery by 14 and 90 days was frequently not sustained at 1 year. Older males and those with heart failure or cancer were more likely to die than to experience sustained non-recovery, whereas the converse was true for younger females and those with diabetes. Conclusion Consistently across multiple cohorts, based on 1-year mortality and non-recovery, KDIGO AKD (up to 90 days) is at least prognostically similar to KDIGO AKI (7 days), and covers more people. Outcomes associated with AKD vary by age, sex and comorbidities such that older males are more likely to die, and younger females are less likely to recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the incidence and characteristics of ICU admissions in the Scottish population of patients treated with chronic kidney replacement therapy (KRT) over an 11-year period and determine factors associated with post-ICU admission mortality.Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.Setting: We analyzed admissions to Scottish intensive care environments between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019.Patients: All patients receiving chronic KRT-including maintenance dialysis and kidney transplant-in Scotland.Intervention: None.Measurements and Main Results: Descriptive statistics and factors associated with mortality using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. From 10,657 unique individuals registered in the Scottish Renal Registry over the 11-year study period and alive as of January 1, 2009, 1,402 adult patients were identified as being admitted to a Scottish critical care setting. Between 2009 and 2019, admissions to ICU increased in a nonlinear manner driven by increases in admissions for renal causes and elective cardiac surgery. The ICU admission rate was higher among patients on chronic dialysis than in kidney transplant recipients (59.1 vs 19.9 per 1,000 person-years), but post-ICU mortality was similar (about 24% at 30 d and 40% at 1 year). Admissions for renal reasons were most common (20.9%) in patients undergoing chronic dialysis, whereas kidney transplant recipients were most frequently admitted for pneumonia (19.3%) or sepsis (12.8%). Adjusted Cox PH models showed that receiving invasive ventilation and vasoactive drugs was associated with an increased risk of death at 30 days post-ICU admission (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.28-2.39 and 1.72; 95% CI, 1.28-2.31, respectively).Conclusions: With a growing population of kidney transplant recipients and the improved survival of patients on chronic dialysis, the number of ICU admissions is rising in the chronic KRT population. Mortality post-ICU admission is high for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Hypothesis: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality. This study investigated disparities in age, sex and socio-economic status in CKD and updated global prevalence estimates through systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: Five databases were searched from 2014 to 2022, with 14 871 articles screened, 119 papers included and data analysed on 29 159 948 participants. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine overall prevalence, prevalence of stages 3-5 and prevalence in males/females. Influences of age, sex and socio-economic status were assessed in subgroup analyses, and risk of bias assessment and meta-regressions were conducted to explore heterogeneity., Results: Overall prevalence of CKD was 13.0% (11.3-14.8%) and 6.6% (5.6-7.8%) for stages 3-5. Prevalence was higher in studies of older populations (19.3% for stages 1-5, 15.0% for stages 3-5) and meta-regression demonstrated association of age, body mass index, diabetes and hypertension with prevalence of stages 3-5. The prevalence of CKD stages 1-5 was similar in males and females (13.1% versus 13.2%) but prevalence of stages 3-5 was higher in females (6.4% versus 7.5%). Overall prevalence was 11.4%, 15.0% and 10.8% in low, middle and high-income countries respectively; for stages 3-5 prevalence was 4.0%, 6.7% and 6.8%, respectively. Included studies were at moderate-high risk of bias in the majority of cases (92%), and heterogeneity was high., Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of CKD prevalence, highlighting important disparities related to age, sex and socio-economic status. Future research should focus on targeted screening and treatment approaches, improving access to care and more effective data monitoring, particularly in low or middle income countries., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA.)