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Your search keyword '"Le Deaut JY"' showing total 3 results
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3 results on '"Le Deaut JY"'

1. Regulatory framework for the assessment of the impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity: review of strengths and limits.

Author

Doussan I, Barthélémy C, Berny P, Bureau-Point E, Corio-Costet MF, Le Perchec S, and Mamy L

Subjects
Risk Assessment, European Union, Conservation of Natural Resources, Plants, Biodiversity
Abstract

The placing of plant protection products (PPPs) on the market in the European Union is governed by numerous regulations. These regulations are among the most stringent in the world, however they have been the subject of criticisms especially because of the decline in biodiversity. The objectives of this work were to review (1) the functioning and actors involved in the PPP framework processes, (2) the construction of the environmental risk assessment focused on biodiversity, and (3) the suggested ways to respond to the identified limits. Both literature from social sciences and ecotoxicology were examined. Despite the protective nature of the European regulation on PPPs, the very imperfect consideration of biodiversity in the evaluation process was underlined. The main limits are the multiplicity of applicable rules, the routinization of the evaluation procedures, the lack of consideration of social data, and the lack of independence of the evaluation. Strengths of the regulation are the decision to integrate a systemic approach in the evaluation of PPPs, the development of modeling tools, and the phytopharmacovigilance systems. The avenues for improvement concern the realism of the risk assessment (species used, cocktail effects…), a greater transparency and independence in the conduct of evaluations, and the opening of the evaluation and decision-making processes to actors such as beekeepers or NGOs. Truly interdisciplinary reflections crossing the functioning of the living world, its alteration by PPPs, and how these elements question the users of PPPs would allow to specify social actions, public policies, and their regulation to better protect biodiversity., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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2. Au-delà des OGM : Science - Innovation - Société

Author

Catherine Regnault-Roger, Louis-Marie Houdebine, Agnès Ricroch, Catherine Regnault-Roger, Louis-Marie Houdebine, and Agnès Ricroch

Abstract

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, les biotechnologies, tout spécialement les organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM) agricoles, sont au coeur d'une controverse sociétale particulièrement vive dans l'Union européenne. Elle a conduit à ce que la presque totalité de ses États membres refuse la mise en culture des variétés transgéniques alors que le reste du monde les cultive de manière croissante. Au-delà de ce constat, cet ouvrage aborde l'avenir des biotechnologies à travers les nouvelles techniques d'édition du génome qui créent des OGE (organismes génétiquement édités) et dont la plus emblématique est le CRISPR-Cas9. En quoi ces nouvelles techniques, qui provoquent des changements contrôlés dans le génome des organismes de manière beaucoup plus précise, sont-elles différentes des techniques utilisées pour l'obtention d'OGM? Quelles sont leurs applications en productions animales et végétales et quelles perspectives ouvrent-elles dans une agriculture mondialisée? Quels sont les termes du débat sociétal et éthique qu'elles suscitent et les enjeux de la réglementation qui leur sera appliquée? Comment faire porter ces travaux dans la décision publique à un moment où la rationalité scientifique est de moins en moins audible? Dix auteurs d'horizons différents s'expriment en toute pluridisciplinarité sur ce sujet d'actualité en élargissant leur propos à la place qui est dévolue aujourd'hui à la science dans la société et dans la parole publique.

Published
2022

3. Pesticides - Updates on Toxicity, Efficacy and Risk Assessment

Author

Marcelo L. Larramendy, Sonia Soloneski, Marcelo L. Larramendy, and Sonia Soloneski

Subjects
Pesticides--Environmental aspects, Pesticides--Risk assessment
Abstract

Pesticides - Updates on Toxicity, Efficacy and Risk Assessment examines different aspects of pesticides encountered in both anthropogenic and natural environments, and provides valuable information on the toxicity, efficacy and risk assessment of several compounds that can have a negative effect on the health of living species and ecosystems. We hope that the real-life examples from diverse sources provided in this book will extend the appreciation of the complexity of this subject in a way that may stimulate new approaches in relevant fields.

Published
2022

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