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As one of the most likely alternatives to traditional vapor compression refrigeration technology, solid refrigeration technology based on the barocaloric effect (BCE) has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Spin-crossover (SCO) compounds are considered suitable for working at low driving pressures due to high-pressure sensitivity and small hysteresis width. However, the entropy change (ΔSSCO) of the SCO compound is smaller than that of other excellent barocaloric materials (plastic crystals and two-dimensional perovskites). Here, we report the BCE of the SCO compound {Fe(pz)2(BH3CN)2} (pz = pyrazine) with a smaller molar mass and a third source of entropy change besides electron and vibrational entropy changes. Compound {Fe(pz)2(BH3CN)2} exhibits high pressure sensitivity ( d T 1 / 2 d P = 20.2 K kbar−1) as well as entropy change (Δ S SCO = 202 J kg−1 K−1). The maximum values of reversible isothermal entropy change (ΔSit,rev,max) and adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad,rev,max) at 1 kbar are only 103 J kg−1 K−1 and ∼0 K, respectively, due to the hysteresis behavior. However, at sufficiently high driving pressures, ΔSit,rev,max exceeds 200 J kg−1 K−1, and ΔTad,rev,max can reach ∼47 K, which exceeds all SCO compounds reported in BCE studies and is comparable to some plastic-crystalline and two-dimensional perovskite barocaloric materials. The excellent BCE of the SCO compound {Fe(pz)2(BH3CN)2} is mainly due to its small molar mass, which makes the unit mass compound exhibit higher ΔSSCO, while the introduction of the third source of entropy change—the reorientation entropy change (ΔSreo), only plays a small role. This is expected to promote the practical application of SCO compounds as barocaloric refrigerants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of exploiting the inexhaustible solar energy-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to generate hydrogen energy, a sustainable clean energy source, to solve problems such as fossil fuel-induced greenhouse gas emissions is believed to be a feasible strategy. However, photocatalytic HER is inefficient due to insufficient light trapping capability and low charge separation efficiency of the single semiconductor material employed. Therefore, it remains a great challenge to achieve fast and efficient photocatalytic HER. In this work, a novel ternary Chl@Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx photocatalyst with an organic–inorganic heterojunction structure has been designed by employing a stepwise deposition process for efficient solar energy conversion to hydrogen. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of Chl@Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx organic–inorganic heterojunction photocatalysts for HER was significantly improved compared with that of single Chl@Ti3C2Tx and Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance of Chl@Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx compared to Chl@Ti3C2Tx and Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx is attributed to the construction of the Chl–Cu2O organic–inorganic heterojunction structure in Chl@Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx, which extends the absorption range of the spectra and dramatically enhances the separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers in Chl@Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, a new family of 2D materials, has been successfully used as an ideal co-catalyst for enhancing photocatalytic activity due to its excellent physicochemical properties. Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl), one of the most abundant photosynthetically active pigments, has been studied in the field of artificial photosynthesis due to its constant and efficient absorption of solar energy and conversion of the excitation energy into chemical energy. In this work, five BChl- a derivatives with a range of different side chain groups in the C17 substituent were prepared and deposited on the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene surface by a solvent evaporation process to form BChl-n@Ti 3 C 2 T x (n = 1∼5) composite photocatalysts, which were used for the visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an aqueous solution. Among the five BChls investigated, BChl-5 possessing a quaternary ammonium terminal showed the best performance and BChl-5@Ti 3 C 2 T x composite exhibited an excellent hydrogen production activity of as high as 51 μmol/h/g cat. This is primarily attributed to the excellent photophysical and photochemical properties provided by the self-aggregation of BChl-5 in the BChl-5@Ti 3 C 2 T x composite and the outstanding charge transport capability of the 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene. At the same time, the fast carrier separation and transfer capability between BChl-5 and Ti 3 C 2 T x provides reliable charge transport for photocatalytic HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy is an abundant, clean, sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy source. Therefore, the production of hydrogen by photocatalytically splitting water on semiconductors has been considered in recent years as a promising and sustainable strategy for converting solar energy into chemical energy to replace conventional energy sources and to solve the growing problem of environmental pollution and the global energy crisis. However, highly efficient solar‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen production remains a huge challenge due to the poor visible light response of available photocatalytic materials and the low efficiency of separation and transfer of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. In the present work, organic heterojunction structures based on bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and chlorophyll (Chl) molecules were introduced and used for solar‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from water under visible light. Also, noble metal‐free photocatalyst was successfully constructed on Ti3C2Tx nanosheets by simple successive deposition of Chl and BChl, which was used for the photocatalytic splitting water to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The results show that the optimal BChl@Chl@Ti3C2Tx composite has a high HER performance with 114 μmol/h/gcat, which is much higher than the BChl@Ti3C2Tx and Chl@Ti3C2Tx composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel multiferroic‐like nanocomposite is designed and obtained using the high‐pressure torsion (HPT) method. The crystal structure, phase composition, morphology, ferromagnetic (FM), and ferroelectric (FE) properties of the initial powders and ferroelectric/ferromagnetic nanocomposites are studied comprehensively. The initial powders and their composite show the perovskite and spinel crystalline phases for the FE and FM fractions, respectively. After HPT, the particle sizes of the initial powders are decreased significantly. It is shown that the novel nanocomposite consists of exchange‐interacting FE and FM phases and demonstrates improved magnetic and electrical properties in low fields at room temperature. A giant increase in residual polarization with an increase in external high‐pressure is found in new composite. The obtained results make it possible to consider the novel nanocomposite as a new functional material for its use both in electronic devices for monitoring ultra‐high‐pressure and in integrated circuits of high‐speed computing nanosystems with low switching energy. The HPT method is a promising method for obtaining new heterophase nanosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Organic heterojunction of Chl–g-C 3 N 4 was constructed for visible-light driven H 2 evolution. • Highly efficient electron-hole separation occurred through the organic heterojunction structure. • Chl@g-C 3 N 4 /MXene-based photocatalytic system were developed for noble metal-free HER. • This work provides directions for preparation of organic heterojunction structures suitable for HER. Sustainable conversion of solar energy to hydrogen energy by photocatalytic splitting of water through the use of semiconductor photocatalytic materials is considered to be a promising and sustainable alternative proposal to replace conventional fossil fuels. However, efficient solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production has remained a great challenge due to the prevailing problems of existing semiconductor photocatalytic materials. It is shown that constructing heterostructures is a very powerful way to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production capacity of composites under visible light. Therefore, in this work, an organic heterojunction structure based on chlorophyll (Chl) molecules and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) is reported and exploited for efficient solar energy-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, noble metal-free photocatalysts were successfully constructed with Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets through a simple stepwise complexation process of Chl, g-C 3 N 4 , and Ti 3 C 2 T x for the achievement of HER for the photocatalytic decomposition of water. The results show that the optimal Chl@g-C 3 N 4 /Ti 3 C 2 T x organic heterojunction composite has a remarkably advanced HER performance of 131 μmol/h/g cat , as compared with the traditional Chl@Ti 3 C 2 T x and g-C 3 N 4 /Ti 3 C 2 T x composites. The results provide new ideas for exploring MXene based catalysts for highly efficient conversion of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]