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Objective To explore the context and hotspot changes of forensic mixed stain research through bibliometric approach. Methods The literature of forensic mixed stain included in the core collection of Web of Science database from 2011 to 2022 were collected as the study object, and the annual publication number, countrie （region）, institution, journal, keywords, etc. were bibliometrically and visually analyzed using the R-based Bibliometrix 1.1.6 package and VOSviewer 1.6.18 software. Results A total of 732 articles on forensic mixed stain were included from 2011 to 2022, with the annual number of articles published and the annual citation frequency showing a steady increase year by year. Among the 59 countries （regions） with the most published articles, the United States ranked first with 246 articles, followed by China with 153 articles. The literature came from 104 journals, and the total number of articles published in the top 10 journals was 633. FORENSIC SCI INT GENET ranked first with 307 articles. Visual analysis using VOSviewer software showed that keywords could be divided into four research clusters, namely the genetic marker development group （blue）, the mixed stain typing analysis theory group （red）, the sequencing analysis group （yellow）, and the case sample research group （green）. It can be divided into four development stages in terms of different time periods: early development （2011—2013）, middle development （2014—2016）, rapid development （2017—2020） and latest development （2021—2022）. Conclusion The number of publications by domestic and foreign scholars in the study of mixed stain in forensic science is showing a relatively stable trend. Machine learning, next generation sequencing and other research have been the hottest topics that have attracted the most attention in recent years, which is expected to further develop the theory of mixed stain typing and sequencing analysis in forensic mixed stain research.

Consensus algorithm, which allows distrust nodes to reach a consensus in the overall state of the blockchain, is one of the basic characteristics of the blockchain network. Since the delegate nodes elected in the DPoS consensus algorithm are always nodes with a large amount of currency, it usually leads to low voting activity of other nodes. To solve this problem, we propose a credit-weighted comprehensive election, codenamed as CW-DPoS. We propose that the voting weight of nodes is positively correlated with the credit value. First calculate the activity of the node based on k-shell,second calculate the weighted voting value of the node. Finally, the delegator is selected through the comprehensive method of node activity and weighted votes. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing consensus mechanism of DPoS, and the experimental result shows that the activity of the nodes has been improved to about 84% and selects honest nodes more fairly.

Hierarchical combinations involving metal-ligand interactions and host-guest interactions can consolidate building blocks with unique functions into material properties. This study reports the construction and hierarchical self-assembly of multifunctional trinuclear Au I tricarbene complex containing three crown ether units and three ferrocene units. Host-guest interactions between the multifunctional trinuclear Au I tricarbene complex and organic ammonium salts were investigated, revealing that crown ether-based host-guest interactions can effectively regulate the electrochemical properties of the complex. Utilizing bisammonium salt as the cross-linker and multifunctional trinuclear Au I tricarbene complex as the core, a stimuli-responsive and self-healing supramolecular gel with different functional units was obtained., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Integuments form important protective cell layers surrounding the developing ovules in gymno- and angiosperms. Although several genes have been shown to influence the development of integuments, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism is still poorly understood. In this work, we report that the Class II KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX II) transcription factors KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEBOX GENE 3 (KNAT3) and KNAT4 regulate integument development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). KNAT3 and KNAT4 were co-expressed in inflorescences and especially in young developing ovules. The loss-of-function double mutant knat3 knat4 showed an infertility phenotype, in which both inner and outer integuments of the ovule are arrested at an early stage and form an amorphous structure as in the bell1 (bel1) mutant. The expression of chimeric KNAT3- and KNAT4-EAR motif repression domain (SRDX repressors) resulted in severe seed abortion. Protein-protein interaction assays demonstrated that KNAT3 and KNAT4 interact with each other and also with INNER NO OUTER (INO), a key transcription factor required for the outer integument formation. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes related with integument development is influenced in the knat3 knat4 mutant. The knat3 knat4 mutant also had a lower indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, and some auxin signaling pathway genes were downregulated. Moreover, transactivation analysis indicated that KNAT3/4 and INO activate the auxin signaling gene IAA INDUCIBLE 14 (IAA14). Taken together, our study identified KNAT3 and KNAT4 as key factors in integument development in Arabidopsis., (© American Society of Plant Biologists 2022. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)