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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in China. Radiotherapy is the first-line treatment. After appropriate radiotherapy, about 5%-15% patients experience recurrence. In view of the poor efficacy and high incidence of severe late toxicities associated with re-irradiation, salvage surgery by the transnasal endoscopic approach is recommended for recurrent NPC (rNPC). Compared with re-irradiation, endoscopic surgery can better prolong survival, improve the quality of life, and reduce complications and medical expenses of patients with rNPC. However, the complexity of the nasopharyngeal skull base enhances the difficulty and risk of surgery. Expanding the boundary of surgical resection remains a clinical challenge for otolaryngologists. In this regard, to help more advanced patients with rNPC, the surgical innovative system of NPC needs to be established by multi-disciplinary cooperation, involving skull base anatomy-based investigation, appropriate administration of the internal carotid artery (ICA), repair of skull base defect, and establishment of various types of endoscopic endonasal nasopharyngectomy.

The demand for lithium resources is growing rapidly due to the continuous development of the lithium‐ion battery, which plays an important part in the renewable energy industry. Global sources of lithium are ores and brine, of which 59% are distributed in saline brine. However, the significant lithium resources in saline brine have not been fully utilized. The electrochemical deintercalation method (EDM) for lithium extraction from saline brine is a promising technique because of its environmental friendliness, high selectivity, and cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, the application of EDM is greatly limited by the easy dissolution of electrode materials like LiMn2O4 and the cost of mass production. Also, there are a few existing review articles on the EDM for lithium extraction. To address this gap, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current methods for lithium extraction from saline brine, systematically summarizes the technical status of the EDM, and pays special attention to the preparation method and modification of electrode materials. This review gives new insight into the mechanism of EDM and provides a new design strategy for the evaluation methods of EDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deployment of cloud services enables users to outsource their data to cloud servers and retrieve the target data efficiently. However, the application of quantum computers in clouds would be realized from the recent breakthrough results of quantum computers. Existing authentication schemes based on conventional hardness assumptions will be confronted with quantum attackers in the near future. A lattice-based authentication scheme resolves this tension. Although, existing lattice-based authentication schemes employing identity-based signcryption (IBS), the security against misbehaved private key generators (mPKG) is not well-considered, which may cause privacy issues in some application scenarios since the mPKG can generate the secret key for any given identity. This paper proposes an IBS-based authentication scheme for cloud storage dubbed LAMA that thwarts adversaries who have quantum computing power. We integrate the IBS scheme with the lattice-based cryptography, which is the variant of existing IBS-based authentication schemes and is post-quantum secure. We integrate identity certifying authority (ICA) with private key generator (PKG) to ensure security against mPKG. Our comprehensive security proof demonstrates that LAMA is indistinguishable against chosen plaintext attacks and secure against mPKG. We conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of LAMA, which demonstrates the high efficiency of LAMA in terms of computation and communication overhead and proves that it can be easily deployed on low configured user devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]