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In this paper, we introduce an R package EATME, which is known as Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart with Adjustments To Measurement Error. The main purpose of this package is to correct for measurement error effects in continuous or binary random variables and develop the corrected control charts based on the EWMA statistic. In addition, the corrected control charts can detect out-of-control process accurately. The package contains a function to generate synthetic data and includes functions to determine the reasonable coefficient of control limit as well as estimate average run length. Moreover, for the visualization, we also provide the control charts to show the monitoring of in-control and out-of-control process. Finally, the functions in this package are clearly demonstrated, and numerical studies show the validity of the package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a new type of lighting source, deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED), has appeared in the markets of space purification and surface sterilization. In this paper, a new type of electronic lighting driver for supplying a deep-ultraviolet LED sterilization lamp is proposed and developed. The main circuit combines a buck converter and a flyback converter into a single-stage single-switch buck-flyback AC-DC power converter with power factor correction. In addition, the proposed electronic lighting driver leverages a wide bandgap SiC Schottky diode as the output diode to lower the power diode losses and recycles the energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer in order to improve the circuit efficiency. The magnetizing inductor inside the presented AC-DC power converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), which naturally enables power factor correction (PFC). A single-stage prototype driver with a power rating of 3.6 W (90 V/40 mA) was developed and implemented for providing a deep ultraviolet LED disinfection and sterilization lamp. Experimental results show that the measured power factor (PF) is greater than 0.9 and the measured total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current is less than 18% at an input utility voltage of 110 V. Furthermore, the measured output voltage ripple factor is less than 1% and the output current ripple factor is less than 4%. In addition, the proposed single-stage electronic lighting driver for supplying a deep ultraviolet LED disinfection and sterilization lamp achieves high circuit efficiency (greater than 90%), low circuit component count, and low circuit cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The facial artery is an important blood vessel responsible for supplying the anterior face. Understanding the branching patterns of the facial artery plays a crucial role in various medical specialties such as plastic surgery, dermatology, and oncology. This knowledge contributes to improving the success rate of facial reconstruction and aesthetic procedures. However, debate continues regarding the classification of facial artery branching patterns in the existing literature. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive anatomical study, in which we dissected 102 facial arteries from 52 embalmed and formaldehyde-fixed Vietnamese cadavers at the Anatomy Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Results: Our investigation revealed eight distinct termination points and identified 35 combinations of branching patterns, including seven arterial branching patterns. These termination points included the inferior labial artery, superior labial artery, inferior alar artery, lateral nasal artery, angular artery typical, angular artery running along the lower border of the orbicularis oculi muscle, forehead branch, duplex, and short course (hypoplastic). Notably, the branching patterns of the facial artery displayed marked asymmetry between the left and right sides within the same cadaver. Conclusion: The considerable variation observed in the branching pattern and termination points of the facial artery makes it challenging to establish a definitive classification system for this vessel. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an anatomical map summarizing the major measurements and geometric features of the facial artery. Surgeons and medical professionals involved in facial surgery and procedures must consider the detailed anatomy and relative positioning of the facial artery to minimize the risk of unexpected complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A graph with n vertices is called an n-graph. A spanning tree with at most k leaves is referred to as a spanning k-ended tree. Spanning k-ended trees are important in various fields such as network design, graph theory, and communication networks. They provide a structured way to connect all the nodes in a network while ensuring efficient communication and minimizing unnecessary connections. In addition, they serve as fundamental components for algorithms in routing, broadcasting, and spanning tree protocols. However, determining whether a connected graph has a spanning k-ended tree or not is NP-complete. Therefore, it is important to identify sufficient conditions for the existence of such trees. The implicit-degree proposed by Zhu, Li, and Deng is an important indicator for the Hamiltonian problem and the spanning k-ended tree problem. In this article, we provide two sufficient conditions for K1,4-free connected graphs to have spanning k-ended trees for k = 2, 3. We prove the following: Let G be a K1,4-free connected n-graph. For k = 2, 3, if the implicit-degree sum of any k + 1 independent vertices of G is at least n − k + 2, then G has a spanning k-ended tree. Moreover, we give two examples to show that the lower bounds n and n − 1 are the best possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of perioral vascular complications resulting from filler injections, such as necrosis of the lip or alar rim, occlusion, and in severe cases, blindness. Conversely, the use of perioral arterial flaps is becoming more prevalent in the treatment of cleft lips, cancer, and trauma. A thorough understanding of perioral arteries is essential to minimize complications and maximize the success of these flaps. However, the course of the facial artery (FA) in the perioral region remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to describe the variations of the FA in the perioral region. Methods: We dissected 52 embalmed and formaldehyde-fixed Vietnamese cadavers. We then studied the size and distribution of perioral arteries in 102 specimens. Results: The superior labial artery (SLA) was the most common branch, occurring in 87.25% of cadavers, followed by the inferior labial artery (ILA) at 78.43%. The SLA primarily originated above the mouth corner (cheilion), accounting for 91.01% of cases, and predominantly exhibited a tortuous course within the submucosa (78.65%). The ILA's branching pattern varied, but it was primarily located below the cheilion (91.25%). The ILA also followed a twisted path, generally within the submucosa. The ILA exhibited two patterns: the typical pattern, distributed at the vermilion border of the lower lip (8.82%), and the horizontal labiomental artery pattern, which ran horizontally in the middle of the lower lip area (69.61%). At their origin, the SLA and ILA had average external diameters of 1.29 mm and 1.28 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Numerous anatomical variations in the FA in the perioral region were found. A detailed anatomic description, suggested landmarks, and angiography before the procedure will be useful to help doctors avoid complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by two typical ways to construct multiprocessor systems, matching composition networks and cycle composition networks, we generalize the definition of the Cartesian product of networks and consider the classical diagnosability of the generalized Cartesian product of networks (GCPNs). In this paper, we determine the accurate value of the classical diagnosability of the generalized Cartesian product of networks (GCPNs) under the PMC model and the MM * model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]