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International audience

International audience

During the operation of chemical reactors, a failure in the cooling system can lead the reactor to operate under the risk of thermal runaway. The present work proposes a study of failure detection, using the divergence criterion and the Thomas and Bowes criterion. In order to evaluate the detection performance, two exothermic reactions with different kinetics were chosen, and the results show that Thomas and Bowes criterion detects earlier the failures than the divergence criterion. However, Thomas and Bowes may present false alarm about the risk of thermal runaway.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are an interesting alternative to conventional amines. Due to their biodegradability, lower toxicity and lower prices, DES are considered “more benign” sorbents for CO2 capture than ionic liquids. To study the effect of water on the properties of choline chloride (ChCl)/glycerol mixtures (1:3 on a molar basis), the density and viscosity of ChCl/Gly with different water content (30%, 40% and 50%) were measured at temperature from 293.15 K to 333.15 K at atmospheric pressure, the CO2 solubility in (ChCl/Gly) with water was determined from 293.15 K to 373.15 K and at pressure from 0.5 MPa to 3 MPa. The result shows the dramatically influence of water in the viscosity but not in the CO2 solubility and Absorption.

Xylan obtained from birch (betula pendula) by a novel semi-industrial scale aqueous based method was used for studying the hydrolysis and consecutive hydrolysis-hydrogenation processes in continuous reactors. Dowex 50WX2-100 was chosen as the hydrolysis catalyst based on the results of catalyst screening performed previously in batch reactor. It was also observed to perform well in continuous reactor converting xylan to xylose in high yield under the studied reaction conditions. The influence of several reaction parameters were investigated for optimization. Similar experimental conditions used in the hydrolysis were then applied for studying one flow through hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the semi-industrial xylan. A consecutive catalyst bed consisting of ruthenium on carbon was introduced into the continuous reactor downstream from the hydrolysis bed to hydrogenate monosaccharides to xylitol. Hydrogen was co-fed into the reactor with the xylan solution. Reaction parameters, including temperature, residence time and hydrogen pressure, were varied to maximize the xylitol yield. The developed continuous process was demonstrated to be highly selective and efficient for the valorization of the semi-industrial xylan by yielding over 90% xylitol under optimal experimental conditions. It was noticed, that co-feeding hydrogenation decreased the degradation of monosaccharides during hydrolysis, thus improving the selectivity towards the target product and enabling remarkable process intensification. Moreover, mathematical modelling was performed for the hydrolysis and one flow through hydrolysis and hydrogenation processes. The models take into account the consecutive reaction pathways and the influence of the experimental conditions. Good fits of the model to the experimental data were obtained. The conversion of this novel, well characterized wood-based xylan to produce xylose or xylitol in continuous reactors has not been studied previously. The current work contributes significantly to understanding the processing of real feedstock in one flow through employing consecutive reactions and provides necessary data for process intensification.