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Rechargeable aluminium (Al) batteries (RABs) have long-been pursued due to the high sustainability and three-electron-transfer properties of Al metal. However, limited redox chemistry is available for rechargeable Al batteries, which restricts the exploration of cathode materials. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient Al-amine battery based on a quaternization reaction, in which nitrogen (radical) cations (R3 N.+ or R4 N+ ) are formed to store the anionic Al complex. The reactive aromatic amine molecules further oligomerize during cycling, inhibiting amine dissolution into the electrolyte. Consequently, the constructed Al-amine battery exhibits a high reversible capacity of 135 mAh g-1 along with a superior cycling life (4000 cycles), fast charge capability and a high energy efficiency of 94.2 %. Moreover, the Al-amine battery shows excellent stability against self-discharge, far beyond conventional Al-graphite batteries. Our findings pave an avenue to advance the chemistry of RABs and thus battery performance.

Summary: Plants evolved sophisticated machineries to monitor levels of external nitrogen supply, respond to nitrogen demand from different tissues and integrate this information for coordinating its assimilation. Although roles of inorganic nitrogen in orchestrating developments have been studied in model plants and crops, systematic understanding of the origin and evolution of its assimilation and signaling machineries remains largely unknown.We expanded taxon samplings of algae and early‐diverging land plants, covering all main lineages of Archaeplastida, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of core components involved in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling.Most components associated with inorganic nitrogen assimilation were derived from the ancestral Archaeplastida. Improvements of assimilation machineries by gene duplications and horizontal gene transfers were evident during plant terrestrialization. Clusterization of genes encoding nitrate assimilation proteins might be an adaptive strategy for algae to cope with changeable nitrate availability in different habitats. Green plants evolved complex nitrate signaling machinery that was stepwise improved by domains shuffling and regulation co‐option.Our study highlights innovations in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries, ranging from molecular modifications of proteins to genomic rearrangements, which shaped developmental and metabolic adaptations of plants to changeable nutrient availability in environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's Vitamin D (VitD) fortification and supplementation are diminishing due to less outdoor exercise and insufficient VitD intake (low exogenous intake and endogenous malabsorption induced by gastrointestinal disease). Consequently, children in many developed countries suffer from VitD deficiency, which may contribute to many paediatric disorders. Our review briefly introduced the metabolic process of VitD, summarized the role of VitD in paediatric diseases such as autism, obesity, rickets and asthma. We sought to identify the link between VitD deficiency and these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary metal sulfides normally have narrow band gap energy levels, leading to fast recombination of photogenerated carriers. The construction of heterojunctions is generally believed to boost the photogenerated carrier efficiency via capturing and transferring electrons, and thus improving the photocatalytic activity. In this paper, different ratios of AgInS2–SnIn4S8 composites were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, and the molar ratio of SnIn4S8:AgInS2 = 0.5:1 is determined as the optimal ratio based on the experimental results of visible photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). Furthermore, AgIn5S8/AgInS2–SnIn4S8 composites were successfully prepared by changing the ratio of In, S element, and AgNO3. The component, structural morphology, and surface physicochemical properties of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption tests. The results show that AgInS2 and AgIn5S8 are compounded with SnIn4S8 to form a heterogeneous structure. After the formation of heterogeneous structures, light absorption properties are changed and light absorption range is broadened due to stronger light absorption capacity in AgInS2 and AgIn5S8. As they have matched energy band structures, the electron transfer paths are increased and the e−–h+ lifetime is prolonged, which leads to enhanced photocatalytic performance of AgIn5S8/AgInS2–SnIn4S8 composites. Moreover, the formation of regular and homogeneous flower globose structure under the effect of microwave polarization also has an important contribution to the improvement of their photocatalytic performance. AgIn5S8/AgInS2–SnIn4S8 composites exhibit a certain degradation ability towards MO, and the degradation is almost complete within 180 min under visible light irradiation. Finally, through trapping experiments with the addition of different radical trapping agents and the ESR tests, photocatalytic active species are identified, and thus the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism of AgIn5S8/AgInS2–SnIn4S8 composite is inferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a transport equation with nonlocal velocity and power law type damping. We show that a certain class of initial data smooth solution blows up in finite time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]