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The poor outcome of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with immunotherapy is attributed to the profound immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of effective delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Radiation therapy (RT) induces an immunogenic antitumor response that is counteracted by evasive mechanisms, among which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation is the most prominent factor. We report an extracellular vesicle (EV)-based nanotherapeutic that traps TGF-β by expressing the extracellular domain of the TGF-β type II receptor and targets GBM by decorating the EV surface with RGD peptide. We show that short-burst radiation dramatically enhanced the targeting efficiency of RGD peptide-conjugated EVs to GBM, while the displayed TGF-β trap reversed radiation-stimulated TGF-β activation in the TME, offering a synergistic effect in the murine GBM model. The combined therapy significantly increased CD8+ cytotoxic T cells infiltration and M1/M2 macrophage ratio, resulting in the regression of tumor growth and prolongation of overall survival. These results provide an EV-based therapeutic strategy for immune remodeling of the GBM TME and eradication of therapy-resistant tumors, further supporting its clinical translation. [Display omitted] • Extracellular vesicles are engineered for targeted TGF-β trapping in glioblastoma. • Radiation improves targeting efficiency of extracellular vesicles to glioblastoma. • Engineered extracellular vesicles synergize with radiation to enhance immunotherapy. • Providing extracellular vesicle-based combined strategy for immune remodeling. • Providing strategy for large-scale production of functionalized extracellular vesicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), a prevalent cause of foodborne infection, induces significant changes in the host transcriptome and metabolome. The lack of therapeutics with minimal or no side effects prompts the scientific community to explore alternative therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a probiotic mixture comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus 1.3251) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum 9513) against S. typhimurium, utilizing transcriptome and metabolomic analyses, a novel approach that has not been previously documented. Twenty-four SPF-BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control negative group (CNG); positive control group (CPG); probiotic-supplemented non-challenged group (LAPG); and probiotic-supplemented Salmonella-challenged group (LAPST). An RNA-sequencing analysis of small intestinal (ileum) tissue revealed 2907 upregulated and 394 downregulated DEGs in the LAPST vs. CPG group. A functional analysis of DEGs highlighted their significantly altered gene ontology (GO) terms related to metabolism, gut integrity, cellular development, and immunity (p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LAPST group were primarily involved in pathways related to gut integrity, immunity, and metabolism, such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, the tryptophan metabolism, the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, ECM–receptor interaction, and others. Additionally, the fecal metabolic analysis identified 1215 upregulated and 305 downregulated metabolites in the LAPST vs. CPG group, implying their involvement in KEGG pathways including bile secretion, propanoate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption, which are vital for maintaining barrier integrity, immunity, and metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the administration of a probiotic mixture improves immunity, maintains gut homeostasis and barrier integrity, and enhances metabolism in Salmonella infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic heterojunctions present excellent photocatalytic performance for water splitting. Herein, a novel S-scheme heterojunction of CdS-ZnO nanorods assisted with low-content Au (<1 wt%) plasmon was achieved successfully, which possessed the H 2 -generated efficiency of 14.36 mM h−1 g−1. Remarkable catalytic activity stems from the S-scheme mechanism, metal plasma resonance and the unique flower-shaped morphology. S-scheme endues the heterojunction with efficient carrier separation and strong redox capacity, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) generated from low-content Au broadens light absorption range and injects hot electrons into the heterojunction. In-situ XPS measurements verified an S-scheme carrier migration mechanism as well as hot electrons transfer. Other optical and photoelectric characterizations, as well as simulation calculation by finite difference time domain (FDTD) were also utilized to conjecture the probable mechanism. Low content noble metal and unique morphology accelerate the photocatalytic H 2 -production, and it likely proposes the promising strategy for practical application of photocatalysis for solar energy conversion. [Display omitted] • Three-dimensional flower-like structure is composed of nanorods. • Heterostructure presented an efficient H 2 -production rate of 14.36 mM h−1 g−1. • SPR of low-content Au accelerated photocatalytic hydrogen production. • In-situ XPS verified S-scheme carrier migration and SPR hot electrons transfer. • S-scheme endued heterojunction with an excellent redox capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing in young adults and patients undergoing coronary angiography. However, whether prediabetes is a considerable risk factor for all-cause mortality remains undetermined in young patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively included 8868 young patients (men aged < 45 years, women aged < 55 years) who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Patients were categorized as normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes according to the HbA1c level or documented history of diabetes. The association of all-cause mortality with diabetes and prediabetes was detected by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: A total of 3240 (36.5%) among 8868 young patients receiving CAG were prediabetes and 2218 (25.0%) were diabetes. 728 patients died during a median follow-up of 4.92 years. Compared to the normoglycemic group, prediabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality in young CAG patients by 24%(adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.49, p = 0.019) and diabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 46%(adjusted HR:1.46, 95% CI:1.2–1.79, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that diabetes and prediabetes increased the risk of death mainly in patients without comorbidities. Conclusion: Prediabetes accounts for more than one-third of the young adults undergoing CAG and was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, active prevention strategy should be considered for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing in young adults and patients undergoing coronary angiography. However, whether prediabetes is a considerable risk factor for all-cause mortality remains undetermined in young patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively included 8868 young patients (men aged < 45 years, women aged < 55 years) who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Patients were categorized as normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes according to the HbA1c level or documented history of diabetes. The association of all-cause mortality with diabetes and prediabetes was detected by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: A total of 3240 (36.5%) among 8868 young patients receiving CAG were prediabetes and 2218 (25.0%) were diabetes. 728 patients died during a median follow-up of 4.92 years. Compared to the normoglycemic group, prediabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality in young CAG patients by 24%(adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.49, p = 0.019) and diabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 46%(adjusted HR:1.46, 95% CI:1.2–1.79, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that diabetes and prediabetes increased the risk of death mainly in patients without comorbidities. Conclusion: Prediabetes accounts for more than one-third of the young adults undergoing CAG and was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, active prevention strategy should be considered for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing in young adults and patients undergoing coronary angiography. However, whether prediabetes is a considerable risk factor for all-cause mortality remains undetermined in young patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively included 8868 young patients (men aged < 45 years, women aged < 55 years) who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Patients were categorized as normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes according to the HbA1c level or documented history of diabetes. The association of all-cause mortality with diabetes and prediabetes was detected by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: A total of 3240 (36.5%) among 8868 young patients receiving CAG were prediabetes and 2218 (25.0%) were diabetes. 728 patients died during a median follow-up of 4.92 years. Compared to the normoglycemic group, prediabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality in young CAG patients by 24%(adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.49, p = 0.019) and diabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 46%(adjusted HR:1.46, 95% CI:1.2–1.79, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that diabetes and prediabetes increased the risk of death mainly in patients without comorbidities. Conclusion: Prediabetes accounts for more than one-third of the young adults undergoing CAG and was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, active prevention strategy should be considered for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to design the ratiometric thermometer with high sensitivity is a monumental challenge. If the sensitivity can be superposed like the stack of toy bricks, the temperature‐sensing performances will be significantly improved. To achieve sensitivity superposition, a method of dual‐wavelength (980 and 379 nm) excitation in consideration of the sensitivity of integral form is designed and the sensitivity is expected to be manipulated. Herein, compared with conventional 980 nm single excitation, the increase in Er3+ luminescence with dual‐wavelength excitation is attributed to its downshifting luminescence. Under multiple exciting methods (980, 379 nm, and dual‐wavelength excitation), temperature‐sensing behaviors based on thermally (TCL) and nonthermally (NTCL) coupled levels are investigated in the range of 213–683 K. The maximum of relative sensitivity is 2.19% K−1 (based on NTCL) with dual‐wavelength excitation, which is higher than that both with 980 nm single excitation and based on conventional TCL. These results reveal that this dual‐wavelength excitation strategy is effective to enhance sensitivity for Tm3+/Er3+‐based thermometer, which provide new insights into the design of ratiometric thermometer with high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trading of carbon emissions is a crucial regulatory method to address environmental pollution issues. This study takes China's carbon emission trading pilot policy established in 2013 as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the DID model to empirically test the urban panel data from 2006 to 2019. The results show that the carbon emission trading pilot policy can effectively reduce urban environmental pollution, and this effect is more noticeable in mid-western cities, northern cities, cities with fewer resources, and large-scale cities. In addition, to address the urban environmental pollution problem through this policy, the government is encouraged to raise its environmental protection awareness and put more effort into the innovation of technology. In general, this study uses carbon emission trading policies from China to confirm that market-based incentive environmental regulation tools can effectively reduce environmental pollution in urban areas. These findings can provide more theoretical support and empirical evidence for the government to use mechanisms of the market to effectively solve pollution problems, improve ecological environment quality, and accelerate the realization of green economy. • The DID model is used to track pilot policy impact on urban environmental pollution. • Carbon emission trading pilot policy can reduce urban environmental pollution. • The government's environmental awareness is the channel of action. • The government's technological innovation efforts are the channel of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swine enteric viruses are a major cause of piglet diarrhea, causing a devastating impact on the pork industry. To further understand the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary diversity of swine enteric viruses, we carried out a molecular epidemiological investigation of swine enteric viruses (PEDV, PDCoV, PoRVA, and TGEV) on 7107 samples collected from pig farms in south-central China. The results demonstrated that PEDV is the predominant pathogen causing piglet diarrhea, and its infection occurs mainly in relatively cold winter and spring in Hunan and Hubei provinces. The positive rate of PEDV showed an abnormal increase from 2020 to 2021, and that of PoRVA and PDCoV exhibited gradual increases from 2018 to 2021. PEDV-PoRVA and PEDV-PDCoV were the dominant co-infection modes. A genetic evolution analysis based on the PEDV S1 gene and ORF3 gene revealed that the PEDV GII-a is currently epidemic genotype, and the ORF3 gene of DY2020 belongs to a different clade relative to other GII-a strains isolated in this study. Overall, our results indicated that the variant PEDV GII-a is the main pathogen of piglet diarrhea with a trend of outbreak. G9 is the dominant PoRVA genotype and has the possibility of outbreak as well. It is therefore critical to strengthen the surveillance of PEDV and PoRVA, and to provide technical reserves for the prevention and control of piglet diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are always regarded as a promising energy storage device owing to their higher safety and durability. However, two problems have become the main trouble for the practical application of ZIBs such as the dendrite growth of Zn metal anode in electrolyte and the freezing of water solvent at low temperature. Herein, to overcome these challenges, a new strategy, multi‐component crosslinked hydrogel electrolyte, is proposed to inhibit Zn dendrites and realize low temperature environmental adaptability for ZIBs. Benefitting from the superior inhibition effect of the polyacrylamide and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on Zn dendrites, the coulombic efficiency of the symmetric cell of ≈99.5% is achieved during the Zn plating/stripping over 1 300 h, and the assembled full‐cell demonstrates the large specific capacity of 265.2 mAh g‐1 and high cyclic stability with the capacity retention of 95.27% after 3 000 cycles. In addition, the full‐cell delivers stable operation at a wide temperature range, from 60 to −40 °C, due to the introduction of additive DMSO. This work provides an inspired strategy and novel opportunities to realize a dendrite‐free and wide‐temperature rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Emerging evidence demonstrates that vitamin D status contributes to the incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the causal relationships between vitamin D and mortality among individuals with DKD are inconclusive. Our study is aimed at exploring the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and mortality among adults with DKD. Research Design and Methods. Our study included 1,202 adult participants with DKD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2014. Cox and competing-risks regression were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and survival. Results. The overall mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 55.9 ± 26.3. Vitamin D deficiency (25 OH D < 50 nmol / l), insufficiency group (50 ≤ 25 OH D < 75 nmol / l), and sufficiency group (25 OH D ≥ 75 nmol / l) were observed in 552 (45.9%), 409 (34.0%), and 241 (20.0%) participants, respectively. Higher levels of vitamin D were significantly associated with improved all-cause and nonaccident- and malignant neoplasm-cause mortality among individuals with DKD after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Conclusions. We observed widespread vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in DKD patients. Higher 25(OH)D values were significantly correlated with lower risk of mortality after adjusting for confounding variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the resin hemoperfusion device (HA380 hemoperfusion cartridge) on inflammatory responses during adult cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Sixty patients undergoing surgical valve replacement were randomized into the HP group (n = 30) with an HA380 hemoperfusion cartridge in the CPB circuit or the control group (n = 30) with the conventional CPB circuit. The results of routine blood tests, blood biochemical indexes, and inflammatory factors were analyzed at V0 (pre-CPB), V1 (CPB 30 min), V2 (ICU 0 h), V3 (ICU 6 h), and V4 (ICU 24 h). Results: The HP group had significantly lower levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. Significant estimation of group differences in the generalized estimating equation (GEE) models was also observed in IL-6 and IL-10. The HP group had significantly lower levels of creatinine (Cr), aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBil) compared to the control group. The estimation of differences of Cr, AST, and TBil all reached statistical significance in GEE results. The HP group had significantly less vasopressor requirement and shorter mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay time as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The HA380 hemoperfusion cartridge could effectively reduce the systemic inflammatory responses and improve postoperative recovery of patients during adult CPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the utilization rate of superfine iron tailings (SIT), a novel coal fly ash (CFA)/SIT-based three-dimensional printing geopolymers (CS-3DPG) were synthesized for high-value resource application of SIT. The optimal preparation parameters of CS-3DPG were sodium citrate of 0.4%, water-solid ratio of 38%, SiO 2 /Na 2 O molar ratio of 1 and alkali activator of 6%, with the compressive strength of 32.14 MPa. Besides, the yield stress and plastic viscosity (rheological properties) of CS-3DPG reached 284 Pa and 18.8 Pa·S, respectively. The sodium aluminum silicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gels were identified as dominant hydration products by the selective chemical extractions. Microstructural analysis also successfully indicated that the retarder caused some CFA and SIT to be unreacted, resulting in the decrease of early compressive strength compared with CS-3DPG. Based on the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values, kinetics of hydration and hydration kinetic contribution degree results, retarders effectually inhibited nucleation and growth (NG) and diffusion (D). The phase-boundary interaction (I) reaction played a major role after adding retarders. This work successfully reveals the early retarding mechanism of CS-3DPG, and provides the possibility of large-scale resource application of SIT-based 3DPG in 3D printing construction. • A novel three-dimensional printing geopolymers (CS-3DPG) was synthesized. • CS-3DPG exhibited excellent compressive strength and rheological properties. • The N-A-S-H gels were identified as leading hydration products. • The early retarding mechanism of CS-3DPG was attributed to I reaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel Z-scheme heterostructure photocatalyst (g-C 3 N 4 /α-FOD) was synthesized. • g-C 3 N 4 /α-FOD activating persulfate synergistically degraded tetracycline (TCH). • Ring contraction and elimination reaction were the two main degradation pathways of TCH. • The degradation was mainly attributed to the active sites attacked by free radicals. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) as an emerging pollutant poses challenges for removal using traditional treatment methods. A new and high-efficient photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride/α-ferrous oxalate dihydrate (g-C 3 N 4 /α-FOD) was synthesized to solve this issue, which acted as a Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient activation of persulfate (PS) degradation TCH under visible (Vis) light irradiation. A comprehensive characterization of the g-C 3 N 4 /α-FOD photocatalyst was performed to analyze the structural, morphological, optical, and electrochemical properties. The Z-scheme heterojunction enabled broader visible-light absorption and enhanced charge transfer. In g-C 3 N 4 /α-FOD/PS/Vis system, SO 4 −, OH, and O 2 − were identified as the main reactive species and contributed to the efficient degradation of TCH. The initial 100 mg/L TCH concentration can be degraded to 11.3 mg/L within 120 min, reaching a high mineralization rate of 83 %. Density functional theory calculation successfully predicted that the sites on TCH molecules with high Fukui index were preferable to be attacked by the reactive species. The ring contraction and elimination reaction were found to be two major degradation pathways of TCH. The cycling experiments confirmed the good stability and reusability of the g-C 3 N 4 /α-FOD photocatalyst. This study successfully confirms that heterojunction materials can enhance the activation potential of PS, which provides a reference for realizing the harmless degradation of environmental pollutants under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing the difference in compatibility and phase transition among PA6, monoglyceride (MG), octaphenylsilsesquioxane (OPS) and zinc diethylphosphinate (ZDP), a PA6 composite with microporous-micronucleus structure is simulated and designed. Due to the passivation micro-cracks effect of microporous-micronucleus structure, the MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6 composite exhibits excellent low-temperature impact strength (5.58 kJ m−2, 203.3% higher than neat PA6 at −170 °C). The nano-gap and nano-cage OPS endows the MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6 with low dielectric constant (2.95 at 100 Hz). The thermal insulation effect of micropores and the synergistic effect of OPS and ZDP in the micronucleus lead to the high flame retardancy of MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6. Meanwhile, the MG on the inner surface of the micropore and the ZDP in the micronucleus endow a dual antibacterial activity. This work provides a guideline for the construction of microporous-micronucleus structure to realize the functional design of composite. [Display omitted] • A heterogenous microporous-micronucleus PA6 composite is simply prepared. • The universal formation mechanism of micropore-micronucleus structure is proposed. • MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6 is toughened at extremely low temperature (−170 °C). • Microporous structure and nanocage OPS endow low dielectric constant. • Microporous and MG/OPS/ZDP endow flame retardancy and antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yibo He, Hongyu Lu, and Yihang Ling contributed equally to this work and share first authorship. Correction: Prediabetes and all-cause mortality in young patients undergoing coronary artery angiography: a multicenter cohort study in China The study sponsor/funder was not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.". [Extracted from the article]

• ZnO/CdS clustered nanotube on the FTO is synthesized by hydrothermal methods. • Hydrogen evolution rate of ZnO/CdS is 7669 μmol g-1h−1 with the AQE of 55.25 %. • S-scheme mechanism enhances the high separation efficiency of carriers. • The recovery rate of ZnO/CdS on FTO substrates is over 99% after 2 circles. Herein, a cluster-like ZnO/CdS nanotube heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared on an FTO conductive glass substrate by a two-step hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic performance and electron transfer mechanism of ZnO and ZnO/CdS composite structures were analyzed through comparing the hydrogen production efficiency of ZnO and ZnO/CdS. The photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of ZnO/CdS (molar ratio 1:1) achieved 7669 μmol/g/h with the AQE of 55.25 %. Unique clustered tubular structure, wider light absorption range and higher carrier transfer rate endowed the composite with marvellous photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. In addition, the measurement of hydroxyl radicals and ESR verified that the electron transfer mechanism followed the S-scheme, which improved the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs. The residual ratio of catalysts on the FTO substrate remained above 99 % after two cycles, which was remarkably higher than that of the powder catalyst (63 %). This work provides terrific potential for high-efficient, low-cost and recyclable photocatalysts of hydrogen production in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flame morphologic characteristic of vertical downward jet fires quantified. • Three regions of a downward jet fire distinguished. • A physical model considering momentum, buoyancy and entrainment developed. • CFD simulation showing the inner structure of flame conducted. • The characteristic length scale for flame geometrical characteristics proposed. This work explored the flame geometrical characteristics of vertical downward turbulent jet fires in still air, whose flame buoyancy was opposite to its initial momentum. Experiments were carried out under varied fuel supply rates with propane as fuel. Three circular nozzles having diameters of 3, 5 and 7 mm were employed. CFD simulation to show the combustion structure inside the flame was conducted in the work, contributing to proposing a new physical model. The inner flow field and average mixture fraction of a downward jet fire have been revealed and the CFD result was validated by experimental data. A downward jet fire can be distinguished in three regions: the downward core flow region where the initial flame momentum is opposed by buoyancy, the flow reversal dome region where the momentum reverses direction, and the upward combusting flow region, which surrounds the core, dominated by buoyancy. Three basic flame morphologic lengths of the downward jet fires were measured, namely the flame downward length below the nozzle, the flame width, and the total flame height. The inherent differences between downward, upward and horizontal jet, caused by the momentum direction, were discussed by comparing the flame sizes of these three types of jet flames. A physical model considering the initial downward volumetric momentum, the flame buoyancy and the air entrainment volume until complete combustion occurs was raised to depict the flame geometric characteristics derived from three characteristic length scales, namely a momentum-buoyancy competition length scale, a flow-rate length scale linked with the source diameter and a total combustion buoyancy length scale. All measured experimental flame lengths were normalized using dimensionless groups (such as L m L q and S m ̇ f / ρ ∞ g ′ L m L m 2 ) derived by these three length scales. The geometric properties of downward jet fires were shown to be well modelled by the proposed non-dimensional groups which were different from previously used length scales in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PFS is an effective adsorbent for removal COD. • The treated SFW could be reused in scheelite-flotation system. • Amorphous Fe(OH) 3(s) reacted with oleate to the formation of iron carboxylate. • The COD removal mechanism of PFS was deduced and described. This study investigated an efficient method for removal COD of scheelite flotation wastewater (SFW) with polyferric sulfate (PFS) and the reuse of the treated water into the flotation system. The mechanism of COD removal was studied by scanning electronmicroscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy, species distribution calculation and kinetics. Results showed that 66.85 % COD removal was achieved with PFS treatment under the optimum conditions (Contact time: 30 min, PFS dose: 1.5 g/L, and initial solution pH: 8). The COD of SFW was reduced from 207.36 mg/L to 68.75 mg/L and the COD removal capacity could reach 92.41 mg/g. The treated SFW could be reused in scheelite-flotation system without affecting index of scheelite. In addition, amorphous ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH) 3(s)) was formed during Fe(III) hydrolysis, and it could reacted with oleate to the formation of iron carboxylate, resulting the removal of COD in SFW. The kinetic analysis of PFS treatment process showed that the removal of COD obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the main rate-limiting step of the adsorption of amorphous Fe(OH) 3(s) was chemisorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A trimeric Fab-selective IgG-binding domain C Fab -tri was highly expressed as soluble protein in E. coli. • C Fab -tri shows high affinities for Fab derived from humans, rats, mice, and rabbits. • C Fab -tri is comparable to protein G and protein A as a ligand for IgG purification. • C Fab -tri is superior to protein G and protein L as a ligand for Fab purification. Fragment antigen-binding (Fab) has several advantages in the treatment and diagnosis of some diseases. The lack of highly efficient affinity chromatography platform creates a purification bottleneck for the downstream processing of Fab-based products, which raises the urgent need for a novel immunoglobin G (IgG)-binding domain (IgBD) with both high affinity and broad specificity for Fab. SpG C3Fab RR (designated C Fab) was previously identified as a Fab-selective IgBD, which triggered our interest in evaluating the potential of C Fab for Fab purification. However, we found that monomeric C Fab showed weak Fab-binding. To increase its affinity, a self-trimerizing domain (tri) was fused to C Fab to produce C Fab -tri. It was found that C Fab -tri existed as a trimer and showed promising binding to Fab derived from IgG of humans, rhesus monkeys, mice, rats, and rabbits. Affinity chromatography demonstrated that the recovery rates of Fab derived from IgG of humans, rats, mice, and rabbits by C Fab -tri-HP column were 2- to 5-fold of those by protein G-HP column. Human Fab was effectively purified by both protein L- and C Fab -tri-HP column. However, unlike C Fab -tri-HP column, protein L-HP column was inefficient for purification of Fab derived from IgG of rats, mice, and rabbits. Notably, rat Fab spiked into the extract of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was effectively recovered by C Fab -tri-HP column. These results indicate that C Fab -tri outperforms protein G and protein L as a ligand for Fab purification, and C Fab -tri-based affinity chromatography might be developed as a novel platform for Fab purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory inflammatory diseases are often associated with cigarette smoke exposure. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced inflammation and pyroptosis in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. CSE was administered to HBE cells and inflammation and pyroptosis were assessed. The mRNA levels of S1PR2, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in HBE cells were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Secreted protein levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the culture supernatants were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting was used to measure the levels of S1PR2 and pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18). Our study revealed an upregulated expression of S1PR2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and regulated IL-18 in HBE cells after CSE exposure. Genetic blockage of S1PR2 could reverse the increased expression of these proteins related to CSE-induced pyroptosis. Conversely, S1PR2 overexpression increased CSE-induced pyroptosis by upregulating the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 in HBE cells. Our results revealed that a novel S1PR2 signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of CSE-induced inflammation and pyroptosis in HBE cells. Thus, S1PR2 inhibitors could be an effective treatment for cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma techniques to degrade pollutants are generally more efficient than conventional methods, but exist some problems such as high energy consumption, incomplete degradation of pollutants, and secondary pollution caused by highly toxic intermediates. In this study, the dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) combined with the Ti-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) catalysts (P25/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)) was used to degrade fluorene in the soil. The synergistic treatment technique used in soil remediation can realize a green and promising treatment efficiency with relatively low energy consumption. Compared with DBDP system alone, the synergetic treatment system of DBDP and P25/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) considerably increased the degradation efficiency of fluorene in the soil to above 90% at 10 min, even with a relatively low discharge voltage (5 kV). The synergistic treatment system achieved 88.8% of fluorene mineralization at 60 min. Optical emission spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy both showed that •OH and •O 2 − played an important role in the synergetic treatment system. Nine main intermediates were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The main degradation of fluorine in soil was caused by the electronic transition of the catalytic material excited by DBDP, and finally mineralized into CO 2 and H 2 O. The fluorene and its toxic intermediates were effectively removed. This study provides an insight for achieving high efficiency and environmentally friendly application perspective in soil remediation. [Display omitted] • A novel combination of DBDP with Ti-based MOFs was used to degrade fluorine. • Enhanced removal and less energy consumption were achieved by synergistic effect.. • P25/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) addition to the DBDP system increases active species quantity. • Potential degradation pathways and mechanism of fluorine are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood–wood friction is an ancient subject, and its related mechanisms have been elucidated. However, the tribological mechanism of wood–wood friction at a high speed is still unclear. In this paper, an experimental equipment of wood friction welding was designed and fabricated. The influences of welding equipment and wood parameters on frictional force, normal force, and welding interface temperature were studied. Results show that the speed of welding into wood has a significant effect on interfacial force and normal force. Increase in wood moisture content reduces frictional and normal forces, and increase in fiber angle increases frictional force, normal force, and welding interface temperature. This study provides theoretical and technical basis for the study of wood friction welding. • The influences of welding equipment and wood parameters on friction force, normal force, and temperature were studied. • The speed of welding into wood had a significant effect on interfacial normal force and friction forces. • Increased in fiber angle increases friction force, normal force, and welding interface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood friction welding is a green and pollution-free wood processing technology. Research on wood friction welding mainly focuses on the influence of wood type, welding process, and welding interface additives on welding interface strength. However, studies on the tribological properties of wood friction welded interface and its effect on the strength of the welded interface are few. In this article, chemical additives in wood were added to the interface. The frictional force, normal force, microstructure, and chemical composition of the welding interface, and their effects on the strength of the welding interface were studied. In the rotating friction welding of wood, frictional force increased gradually with friction welding. Approximately 2 s after welding, the frictional force achieved a stable state. Normal force increased and then gradually decreased. No considerable changes in frictional force and interface strength were observed and interface strength increased with normal force. The interface strength of glucose and rosin increased, whereas that of N2 protection showed little change. The interface strength of tung oil, cellulose, and guaiac decreased. This study provides a basic reference for the further industrial application of wood friction welding technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CaCl 2 could remove suspended solids in weathered tungsten-ore beneficiation wastewater. • The Ca2+ supplied by CaCl 2 can neutralize the negative charge on suspended solids' surface. • CaCO 3(S) and CaSiO 3(S) were formed by the reaction of Ca2+ with CO 3 2– and SiO 3 2– in wastewater. • The reuse of treated water into tungsten-flotation system did not affect flotation index. The direct reuse of weathered tungsten-ore beneficiation wastewater (WTBW) in tungsten-flotation system seriously deteriorates the flotation index of tungsten because of its high content of suspended solids (SS). In the present study, an innovative technology using calcium chloride (CaCl 2) to remove SS from WTBW was established based on the theory of electroneutralization and chemical precipitation. A series of laboratory tests was performed to determine the optimal conditions for SS removal from WTBW. Species-distribution calculation, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the underlying mechanism. Results showed that the content of SS in WTBW decreased from 25.16 × 10 3 mg/L to 22.56 mg/L after CaCl 2 treatment. A concentrate with tungsten grade and recovery of 1.93% and 74.81%, respectively, was obtained by reusing the treated wastewater in the tungsten-flotation system. Compared with untreated wastewater, the tungsten grade and recovery of concentrate increased by 0.45% and 12.20%, respectively. Moreover, the Ca2+ supplied by CaCl 2 can neutralize the negative charge on SS surface and further react with CO 3 2– and SiO 3 2– in solution to form CaCO 3(S) and CaSiO 3(S) , which explained why CaCl 2 can promote the aggregation and sedimentation of SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The recurrence of leukemia is largely due to the presence of residual cells. • To predict their prognosis, Minimal Residual Disease is needed to monitor patients' response to therapy. • This is the first meta-analysis which systematically investigates the prognostic value of Minimal Residual Disease for patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma. • To complement the understanding of Mantle Cell Lymphoma and demonstrate its strong association with clinical outcomes in Mantle Cell Lymphoma patients, we conducted this meta-analysis. Some studies have elucidated that Minimal residual disease (MRD) in patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) was a significant prognostic factor, with potential value in assessing overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). However, most studies were widely varied in included population, sample sources and MRD detection time points. Some studies even have conflicting results. In view of this, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate association of MRD levels with clinical outcomes in patients with MCL. We identified 7 included articles, which were published in recent 20 years. Then, we extracted or calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Our results reveal that patients with MRD negativity have improved OS (HR = 0.63; 95 % CI: 0.50−0.79) and PFS (HR = 0.40, 95 % CI: 0.21−0.76), comparing with patients with MRD positivity. There are also consistent results in subgroups based on sample sources and MRD detection time points. Our study also demonstrates that MRD level is a strong prognostic factor of clinical outcomes. Thus, MRD is expected to be an effective clinical indicator for assessing prognosis and guide treatment decisions in MCL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium-contaminated soil significantly threatens global food security and human health. This scenario gives rise to significant worries regarding widespread environmental pollution. Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can effectively immobilize cadmium in the soil in an environmentally friendly way. Existing studies have separately focused on the feasibility of each in remediating polluted soil. However, their association during the remediation of cadmium-polluted soils remains unclear. This review paper aims to elucidate the potential of biochar, in conjunction with AMF, as a strategy to remediate soil contaminated with cadmium. This paper comprehensively analyzes the current understanding of the processes in cadmium immobilization in the soil environment by examining the synergistic interactions between biochar and AMF. Key factors influencing the efficacy of this approach, such as biochar properties, AMF species, and soil conditions, are discussed. The influences of biochar–AMF interactions on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and overall ecosystem health in cadmium-contaminated environments are highlighted. This review indicates that combining biochar and AMF can improve cadmium immobilization. The presence of AMF in the soil can create numerous binding sites on biochar for cadmium ions, effectively immobilizing them in the soil. Insights from this review contribute to a deeper understanding of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to remediate cadmium-contaminated soils, offering potential applications in agriculture and environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide misuse and overuse severely pollute agricultural soils, water, and crop yields, harming people and animals. This situation raises serious concerns about environmental pollution on a global scale. As an eco-friendly material for soil remediation, biochar can efficiently immobilize pesticides in the soil. Several studies have focused on the feasibility of biochar in remediating polluted soil. However, its influences during the remediation of pesticide-polluted soils remain indistinct. The present review illuminates the positive and negative influences of biochar on the dissemination of pesticides, the underlying mechanisms, the regulating factors, and critical considerations in the ongoing development of biochar for pesticide use. It also delineates the positive and negative impacts of biochar on pesticides in the soil, evaluates potential pitfalls based on recent research, and offers suggestions for prospective biochar applications crucial for remediating contaminated soil. This review reveals that the fate and types of pesticides, along with the physicochemical properties of soil and biochar types, can significantly influence the remediation of pesticide-polluted soil using biochar. Biochar has the potential to enhance the abundance of certain bacteria and the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, both of which play crucial roles in soil remediation. Biochar can also modify soil moisture, microbial communities, and other factors that impact the rate of pesticide degradation while simultaneously reducing other types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This review underscores the importance of thoroughly understanding the properties of biochar before its application to polluted soils. This review can serve as a basis for subsequent studies on the biochar-mediated remediation of contaminated soils. Highlights: Biochar can significantly reduce the leaching and decomposition of pesticides in the soil. The efficacy of biochar in the soil depends on its biological, physical, and chemical features. The aging of biochar diminishes its adsorption capacity for pesticides in the soil environment. Modification of biochar could enhance its capacity to remediate soil polluted by pesticides. Biochar alters the structure and function of microbial communities that regulate pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Cardiac biomarkers' predictive value of contrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI) remains unclear. We analysed whether creatine kinase isoenzyme‐MB (CKMB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and preoperative N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) are tied to CA‐AKI patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Methods: In the multi‐center study, we included 3553 people underwent cardiac catheterization for analysis. CA‐AKI was defined as the absolute increase of over 0.3 mg/dL or an increase of more than 50% compared with the baseline serum creatinine within 48 hours following cardiac catheterization. Logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the association between cardiac biomarkers and CA‐AKI and the efficacy of Mehran risk score (MRS) model on CA‐AKI prediction with and without cardiac biomarkers. Results: Among 3553 people, 200 people eventually developed CA‐AKI. The logistic regression model showed that log10CKMB (odds ratio (OR): 1.97, 95%CI:1.51–2.57, p <.001), cTnI (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02–1.04, p <.001) and log10NT‐proBNP (OR: 3.19, 95%CI: 2.46–4.17, p <.001) were independent predictors of CA‐AKI. The ROC curve demonstrated that area under the curve (AUC) of MRS was 0.733. CKMB, cTnI and NT‐proBNP all significantly improved the AUC value in combination with MRS model. (NT‐proBNP: 0.798, p <.001; CKMB: 0.758, p =.003; cTnI: 0.755, p =.002), among which the NT‐proBNP had the best predictive efficacy improvement. Conclusion: Cardiac biomarkers of CKMB, cTnI and NT‐proBNP are all independently associated with CA‐AKI among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization while NT‐proBNP remains the best indicator. Adding CKMB, cTnI and NT‐proBNP to MRS improved the prognostic efficacy and may be considered effective tools to predict the risk of CA‐AKI in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most thermometers suffer from thermal quenching resulting in low signal to noise ratio at elevated temperature. To overcome thermal quenching, we fabricated a negative thermal expansion (NTE) thermometer based on Sc 2 Mo 3 O 12 :Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ phosphor. Under 808 nm excitation, the upconversion (UC) emissions of Er3+ ions show the thermal enhancement and its 524 nm emission increases 10-fold as the temperature increased from 310 to 670 K. Furthermore, the temperature sensing behaviors are investigated. It is found fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of 524–559 nm is linear with temperature over a wide range of 310–790 K. The maximum relative sensitivity is 0.84% K−1 at 310 K. These results indicate such phosphor not only achieves a high sensitivity, but also exhibits excellent performances at high temperature due to its thermal enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical application of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is predominantly limited by its inefficient apoptosis induction in tumor cells, which might be improved by using molecular superglue-mediated hyperoligomerization to increase its valency. Here, the minimal superglue peptide pairs, including Snoopligase-catalyzed SnoopTagJr/SnoopDogTag and SpyStapler-catalyzed SpyTag/SpyBDTag, were individually fused at the N- or C-terminus of the TRAIL promoter to produce superglue-fusion TRAIL variants. Similar to native trivalent TRAIL, these superglue-fusion TRAIL variants were highly expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and spontaneously trimerized. In the presence of Snoopligase or SpyStapler, the trivalent superglue-fusion TRAIL variants were predominantly crosslinked into hexavalent TRAIL variants. Nevertheless, Snoopligase was more efficient than SpyStapler in the production of hexavalent TRAIL variants. In particular, Snoopligase-catalyzed trivalent TRAIL variants with N-terminal fusion of SnoopTagJr/SnoopDogTag produced hexavalent SnHexaTR with the highest yield (∼70%). The in vitro cytotoxicity of SnHexaTR was 10–40 times greater than that of TRAIL in several tumor cells. In addition, compared to trivalent TRAIL, hexavalent SnHexaTR showed a longer serum half-life and greater tumor uptake, which resulted in eradication of 50% of tumor xenografts of TRAIL-sensitive COLO 205. In mice bearing TRAIL-resistant HT-29 tumor xenografts, hexavalent SnHexaTR combined with bortezomib encapsulated in liposomes also showed robust tumor growth suppression, indicating that hyperoligomerization mediated by minimal molecular superglue significantly increased the cytotoxicity and antitumor effect of TRAIL. As a novel anticancer agent candidate, the hexavalent SnHexaTR has great potential for clinical application in cancer therapy. [Display omitted] • TRAIL variants with superglue fusion are highly expressed in E. coli. • Trivalent TRAIL were predominantly crosslinked into hexavalent TRAIL by both Snoopligase and SpyStapler. • Snoopligase is more effective than SpyStapler in hexavalent TRAIL crosslinking. • Hexavalent TRAIL exerts better pharmacokinetics and greater antitumor effect than trivalent TRAIL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is inherently a complex immune-inflammatory condition, and heightened inflammation and immune dysfunction are closely related to an increased risk of death. However, evidence regarding the relationship between immune-inflammatory levels and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among patients with CKD is scarce. Methods: Patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) were included from five Chinese tertiary hospitals. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) was calculated by multiplying peripheral platelet count with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and patients were categorized into four groups by SII quartiles. Cox regression models and competing risk Fine and Gray models were used to examining the relationships between SII levels and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Results: A total of the 19,327 patients (68.8 ± 10.03 years, female 32.0%) were included in this study. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 5,174 deaths occurred, including 2,861 cardiovascular deaths and 375 cancer deaths. Controlling for confounders, all-cause mortality (Q2, Q3, Q4: hazard ratio(HR) [95 CI%] = 1.15 [1.06–1.26], 1.30 [1.19–1.42], 1.48 [1.35–1.62], respectively; p for trend < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (Q2, Q3, Q4: HR [95 CI%] = 1.16 [1.03–1.31], 1.40 [1.24–1.58], 1.64 [1.44–1.85], respectively; p for trend < 0.001) increased with higher SII levels, and SII levels was related to cancer mortality comparing last quartile to first quartile of SII (Q2, Q3, Q4: HR [95 CI%] = 1.12 [0.83–1.52], 1.22 [0.90–1.67], 1.50 [1.09–2.08], respectively; p for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated immune inflammation level on admission was an independent risk factor for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among CKD patients. Further research is needed to validate the predictive value of SII for mortality risk among CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: PRRS is one of the most important diseases that has brought significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. SLAMF1 is a costimulatory factor that is involved in innate immunity, inflammation, and infection. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the SLAMF1 gene inhibited PRRSV replication significantly and reduced the levels of key signaling pathways, including MyD88, RIG-I, TLR2, TRIF, and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-β, TNF-α, and IFN-α in vitro. However, the knockdown of the SLAMF1 gene could enhance the replication of the PRRSV and the levels of key signaling pathways and inflammatory factors. Overall, our results identify a new antagonist of the PRRSV, providing a new reference and direction for PRRSV disease resistance breeding. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes a highly contagious disease in domestic swine. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) is a costimulatory factor that is involved in innate immunity, inflammation, and infection. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the SLAMF1 gene inhibited PRRSV replication significantly and reduced the levels of key signaling pathways, including MyD88, RIG-I, TLR2, TRIF, and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-β, TNF-α, and IFN-α in vitro. However, the knockdown of the SLAMF1 gene could enhance replication of the PRRSV and the levels of key signaling pathways and inflammatory factors. Overall, our results identify a new, to our knowledge, antagonist of the PRRSV, as well as a novel antagonistic mechanism evolved by inhibiting innate immunity and inflammation, providing a new reference and direction for PRRSV disease resistance breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy in women. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play a key role in the development of BC; however, the effect of circular RNA zinc finger RNA binding protein (circ_ZFR) in BC is unknown. Methods: Abundances of circ_ZFR, fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), and microRNA‐223‐3p (miR‐223‐3p) were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The circular structure of circ_ZFR was validated by RNase R treatment. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed by colony formation, cell counting kit‐8, Transwell, flow cytometry assays, respectively. All protein levels were determined by Western blot. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationship between miR‐223‐3p and circ_ZFR or FABP7. A xenograft model was established to understand the effect of circ_ZFR on BC cell growth in vivo. Results: The expression levels of circ_ZFR and FABP7 were higher in BC tissues and cell lines, whereas miR‐223‐3p expression was lower. Knockdown of circ_ZFR or FABP7 in BC cells reduced proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and induced apoptosis in vitro, whereas the opposite effects were observed in circ_ZFR‐overexpressed cells. Furthermore, circ_ZFR might act as a sponge for miR‐223‐3p to regulate FABP7 expression, thereby promoting the progression of BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Circ_ZFR might act as a miRNA sponge for miR‐223‐3p to regulate FABP7, thereby promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells, and inhibiting cell apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuity of acceleration changes is often overlooked by existing car-following models, leading to a limitation in capturing realistic driving dynamics for emission estimation, which are essential for the application in microscopic traffic evaluations. This paper investigated and modeled the jerk-constrained acceleration stochastic process using the Markov model. A new car-following model considering the acceleration stochastic process was proposed, which incorporated two modes of unconscious following and active acceleration approaching. Additionally, a bi-objective model calibration framework was introduced to balance the trade-off between traffic-related performance and emission estimation performance. Numerical simulation was conducted to compare the performance of the new model with the conventional Wiedemann model. Results demonstrated that the proposed model provides more realistic vehicle dynamics and accurate emission estimations. Specifically, compared to the Wiedemann model, the new model reduced the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of spacing headway by 0.73 m and the RMSE of vehicle-specific power (VSP) distribution by 11.57%. • Jerk-constrained stochastic acceleration process was modeled with the Markov model. • Proposing a new car-following model considering the stochastic acceleration process. • The new model provides realistic vehicle dynamics and accurate emission estimations. • A bi-objective model calibration framework was introduced for emission estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating cold-start emissions from hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) into on-road emission modeling is fundamental to accurately assess the environmental impacts aligned with their projected deployment. This study introduces a cold-start emission model, integrating travel time, dynamic emission rates, and cold-start durations by fuel type. This study further explores the anticipated spatiotemporal patterns of annual cold-start emissions. Findings indicate a reliance on gasoline for most on-road vehicles in the next decade, but vehicle electrification could reduce carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO X) emissions by over 60% by 2035. Cold-start emissions will remain significant (67%-79% of CO, 59%-71% of HC, and 42%-54% of NO X emissions), especially on local roads. Cold-start emissions from HEVs will contribute to 14%, 25%, and 13% of total CO, HC, and NO X emissions in 2035, respectively. This study highlights the importance of accurate modeling in understanding the environmental benefits of vehicle electrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared (NIR) thermometry are attractive with their preeminent superiority in biological tissue. In this work, the thermometry probe with binary near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is prepared from Sc 2 Mo 3 O 12 :Yb/Er and ZrO 2 :Yb/Ho powders. At elevated temperature from 310 to 580 K, the emission of Er3+ significantly enhanced in negative thermal expansion (NTE) host and the emission of Ho3+ possess thermal quenching in positive thermal expansion (PTE) host. Thus, the probe offers a unique properties of simultaneous emission enhancement and quenching in different NIR wavelengths. By fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique, the relative thermal sensitivity of the sensor can reach a value of 4.2% K−1 higher than NIR thermometers reported to date, while the best temperature resolution is 0.33 K. • It was the first time to obtain novel NIR thermometry based on thermal quenching and negative thermal quenching materials. • The relative thermal sensitivity of the sensor reached a value of 4.2% K−1 higher that NIR thermometers reported to date. • The best temperature resolution was 0.33 K, which revealed the thermometry with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from a particular ceramic/graphene interface anchored structure, SiBON/reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets (RGNPs) composite was successfully designed. The electromagnetic wave is smoothly introduced into the composite from the outer layer composed of wave transmission ceramics and attenuated from the inner RGNPs layer, which solves the high impedance matching characteristic of RGNPs. With high-performance electromagnetic absorption, the composites are synthesized by an innovative chemical grafting method, and its absorbing mechanism is discussed. The SiO 2 (110) lattice plane is oriented to the edge of RGNPs using the preferred orientation when forming SiBON ceramic. A composite structure is formed with SiBON as external antenna poles and RGNPs as internal signal processors. The interaction between different dielectric loss mechanism balances is achieved by adjusting the content of the ceramic. Results prove that the composite has the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance, when the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNPs is 1:10, and the filling amount is 20 wt%, forming a broad absorption band (4.80 GHz, 12.88 GHz–17.68 GHz). When the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNPs is 1:40, the maximum reflection loss is −50.43 dB (13.44 GHz) at a small thickness (1.7 mm). (a) the process of synthesizing interface-oriented anchoring composite materials through KH-560 and concentrated sulfuric acid; (b, c) wave absorption performance of composite materials; (d-e) TEM image of interface-oriented anchoring. Thanks to the innovative chemical grafting method using KH-560 as the medium, a special ceramic/graphene interface anchoring structure was synthesized. This structure enables electromagnetic waves to be smoothly introduced into the composite material from the outer layer composed of wave-transmitting ceramics, and attenuates from the inner layer of graphene, solving the high impedance matching characteristics of graphene. The results show that when the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNPs is 1:10 and the filling amount is 20 wt%, the composite material has the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance, forming a wide frequency band of 4.80 GHz, 12.88 GHz–17.68 GHz. When the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNP is 1:40, the maximum reflection loss at a small thickness (1.7 mm) is −50.43 dB (13.44 GHz). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preoperative MRI is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic reference for gliomas. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic aspect of a radiomics biomarker for glioma and further investigate its relationship with tumor microenvironment and macrophage infiltration. We covered preoperative MRI of 664 glioma patients from three independent datasets: Jiangsu Province Hospital (JSPH, n = 338), The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA, n = 252), and Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT, n = 74). Incorporating a multistep post-processing workflow, 20 radiomics features (Rads) were selected and a radiomics survival biomarker (RadSurv) was developed, proving highly efficient in risk stratification of gliomas (cut-off = 1.06), as well as lower-grade gliomas (cut-off = 0.64) and glioblastomas (cut-off = 1.80) through three fixed cut-off values. Through immune infiltration analysis, we found a positive correlation between RadSurv and macrophage infiltration (R MΦ = 0.297, p < 0.001; R M2Φ = 0.241, p < 0.001), further confirmed by immunohistochemical-staining (glioblastomas, n = 32) and single-cell sequencing (multifocal glioblastomas, n = 2). In conclusion, RadSurv acts as a strong prognostic biomarker for gliomas, exhibiting a non-negligible positive correlation with macrophage infiltration, especially with M2 macrophage, which strongly suggests the promise of radiomics-based models as a preoperative alternative to conventional genomics for predicting tumor macrophage infiltration and provides clinical guidance for immunotherapy. • A highly stable preoperative glioma prognostic model driven by multi-center MRI. • Prognostic radiomics features mirror heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment. • The radiomics-derived survival signature associates with macrophage infiltration. • Quantitative radiomics models predicting macrophage infiltration is valuable. • Radiomics holds promise in providing clinical guidance for immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in clinical practice, and the majority of previous preclinical models were induced by a single factor. The objective of the present study was to establish a stable preclinic model of AKI induced by contrast media (CM) with acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion surgery and to identify the effect of oxidative stress on kidney injury. Rats were treated individually or with CM or myocardial ischemia reperfusion surgery. Renal baseline and AKI parameters, the level of oxidative stress and histopathological images were examined along with AKI biomarkers. Results showed the incidence of AKI in the CM group and ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) group was 40%, χ2 test (P<0.05 vs. CM-IRI) and 35%, χ2 test (P<0.05 vs. CM-IRI) and the combination group had the highest incidence rate 75%. IRI surgery combined with CM diminished kidney function and induced oxidative stress by increasing creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and reactive oxygen species levels. Western blotting showed that the early AKI biomarker of NGAL and KIM-1 increased and that the combination group had the highest value. Pathology damage exhibited severe kidney damage in the combination group compared with other control groups. The present research established a reliable preclinic model of post-AMI AKI with a stable and high postoperative AKI rate. Additionally, CM was demonstrated to exacerbate AKI caused by acute myocardial infarction through oxidative stress and, thus, oxidative stress may be a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emission of persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) is in the second near infrared region (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm), considered as ideal fluorescence imaging materials because of their special characteristic consist of no autofluorescence, weak scattering and deep tissue penetration depth in biological tissues. However, it is still a great challenge to enhance their persistent luminescence intensity. Herein, we reported a new MgGe 0.8 Ga 0.2 O 3 : Yb3+ (MGGO: Yb3+) PLNPs, which were synthesized through solvothermal liquid-solid-solution and salt microemulsion method. We found that partially replacing Ge4+ with Ga3+ ions in MgGeO 3 host can increase the density of traps, thus significantly improving the NIR-II persistent luminescence intensity of Yb3+ ions (the decay time is more than 33 min). Moreover, X-ray could be used to repeatedly stimulate the NIR-II persistent emission of MGGO: Yb3+, which is pivotal for deep tissues long term imaging. The optical penetration length of Yb3+ ions persistent luminescence was assessed to be 3.9 mm via capping tissue. The above results reveal that MGGO: Yb3+ PLNPs are promising material to be applied to deep-tissue imaging field. • A new MgGe 0.8 Ga 0.2 O 3 : Yb3+ PLNPs with a diameter of about 48 nm were synthesized. • The partially replacing Ge4+ with Ga3+ ions in MgGe 0.8 Ga 0.2 O 3 host can improve the NIR-II persistent luminescence intensity. • The optical penetration length of NIR-II persistent luminescence is about 3.9 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green-ripe disorder often occurs when banana fruit (Musa AAA group) ripen at high temperature above 25 °C. In this study, the effect of modified atmosphere package (MAP) + 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the shelf-life quality of banana after high temperature storage was studied. The results showed that 300 nL L-1 1-MCP treatment combined with MAP could prevent the occurrence of green-ripe disorder in banana stored at high temperature, reduce ethylene production and respiration, then delay senescence and ripening, and reduce disease incidence and finger drop of fruit. Further analysis showed that the combined treatment decreased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the activity of defense-related enzymes and antioxidants. By inhibiting the activity of cell-degrading enzymes, the treatment increased lignin and cellulose content and maintained cell wall integrity. In addition, the treatment regulated the contents of endogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid, thus delaying the softening of fruit. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the storage and transportation of banana fruit at high temperature. [Display omitted] • 1-MCP+MAP prevent the occurrence of green-ripen in bananas under high temperature. • 1-MCP+MAP treatment delayed the senescence and ripening of banana fruit. • 1-MCP+MAP treatment reduced the disease incidence and the finger drop of fruit. • 1-MCP+MAP treatment enhanced antioxidant system and defense ability. • 1-MCP+MAP delayed the fruit softening and maintaining the cell wall integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) induces plant disease resistance and delays fruit ripening, but its possible mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore this study investigated the effects of BTH on ripening and disease incidence in banana (Musa spp.) fruit. Our results showed that using BTH delayed ripening and maintained fruit firmness by inhibiting the enzymes involved in softening. BTH also delayed and reduced the occurrence of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae during the ripening process. Transcriptome analysis identified 10,430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the ripening process compared with freshly harvested fruit. Many DEGs were identified between the BTH and control group or prochloraz treatment, but only a few DEGs were found in the prochloraz treatment compared to the control group. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs induced by the BTH treatment were primarily enriched in the synthesis of terpenoid quinones, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, peroxisome, and fatty acid biosynthesis among other pathways. BTH also induced the expression of many transcription factor (TF) families, including those in the WRKY, NAC, MYB and bHLH families, with the WRKY family being the most enriched. The WRKY TF interacts with many ripening- and secondary metabolism-related genes to regulate fruit ripening and disease resistance. Our results showed that, compared with the fungicide prochloraz, BTH alters the transcripts of the genes related to hormone signalling, secondary metabolism and resistance in the banana peel, and key TFs, thereby delaying fruit ripening, enhancing fruit resistance, and maintaining fruit quality. • BTH delayed fruit ripening and firmness decreasing by inhibited related enzymes activity. • BTH delayed and reduced the occurrence of anthracnose during the fruit ripening. • BTH induced large number of DEGs compared with control, but not for sporgon. • BTH induced the expression of a large number of transcription factor families. • WRKY transcription factor interacts with a large number of ripening-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flame morphologic characteristics under various atmospheric pressures quantified. • Effect of sub-atmospheric pressure on horizontal jet flame behavior revealed. • The characteristic length scale for flame morphology proposed. • Correlations of flame horizontal projection length and vertical height established. • An integral model for the conservation of mass and momentum developed. This paper investigated the flame morphology including horizontal projection length and vertical height of horizontal turbulent jets under various sub-atmospheric pressures, for which both data and model are few. Experiments are conducted for various nozzle diameters in the range of 3 mm to 7 mm. Propane is used as the fuel in this study. The sub-atmospheric pressures, created by a reduced pressure chamber, are varied from 40 kPa to 100 kPa. A digital video camera is used to measure the flame morphologic characteristics. The experimental results show that the flame horizontal projection length increases with the increasing of heat release rate or the decreasing of chamber pressure. Meanwhile, the flame vertical height first increases then decreases with the increasing of heat release rate or the decreasing of chamber pressure, which shows a non-monotonic behavior. A characteristic length scale is proposed by dimensional analysis considering jet initial momentum, flame buoyancy and ambient air density to illustrate the controlling mechanisms in the flow development. And the characteristic air entrainment flow rate ρ ∞ L m 2 g ′ L m is used to normalize the stoichiometric mass flow rate at the flame tip, which determines the total length of the trajectory. Non-dimensional formulas are developed based on the derived length scale and characteristic air entrainment flow rate to describe the flame horizontal projection length and vertical height of horizontal jets under various sub-atmospheric pressures. Finally, an integral model considering air entrainment mechanism, top hat profiles and strong plume theory for the conservation of mass and momentum in horizontal and vertical directions is developed, which shows to describe the flame morphologic characteristics well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]