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7 results on '"MESH: Infant, Newborn"'

1. Infant BCG vaccination and risk of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis throughout the life course: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

Author

Leonardo Martinez, Olivia Cords, Qiao Liu, Carlos Acuna-Villaorduna, Maryline Bonnet, Greg J Fox, Anna Cristina C Carvalho, Pei-Chun Chan, Julio Croda, Philip C Hill, Elisa Lopez-Varela, Simon Donkor, Katherine Fielding, Stephen M Graham, Marcos A Espinal, Beate Kampmann, Arthur Reingold, Helena Huerga, Julian A Villalba, Louis Grandjean, Giovanni Sotgiu, Uzochukwu Egere, Sarman Singh, Limei Zhu, Christian Lienhardt, Justin T Denholm, James A Seddon, Christopher C Whalen, Alberto L García-Basteiro, Rina Triasih, Cheng Chen, Jitendra Singh, Li-Min Huang, Surendra Sharma, Djohar Hannoun, Helena del Corral, Anna M Mandalakas, LaShaunda L Malone, Du-Lin Ling, Afrânio Kritski, Catherine M Stein, Richa Vashishtha, Fadila Boulahbal, Chi-Tai Fang, W Henry Boom, Eduardo Martins Netto, Antonio Carlos Lemos, Anneke C Hesseling, Alexander Kay, Edward C Jones-López, C Robert Horsburgh, Christoph Lange, Jason R Andrews, Boston University [Boston] (BU), University of California (UC), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), Imperial College London, and Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, MESH: Child, Humans, Tuberculosis, MESH: Tuberculosis, Child, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, MESH: Aged, MESH: Humans, Vaccination, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Infant, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH: Vaccination, General Medicine, MESH: Infant, MESH: BCG Vaccine, Child, Preschool, BCG Vaccine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

BACKGROUND: BCG vaccines are given to more than 100 million children every year, but there is considerable debate regarding the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing tuberculosis and death, particularly among older children and adults. We therefore aimed to investigate the age-specific impact of infant BCG vaccination on tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) development and mortality. METHODS: In this systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and Embase without language restrictions for case-contact cohort studies of tuberculosis contacts published between Jan 1, 1998, and April 7, 2018. Search terms included "mycobacterium tuberculosis", "TB", "tuberculosis", and "contact". We excluded cohort studies that did not provide information on BCG vaccination or were done in countries that did not recommend BCG vaccination at birth. Individual-level participant data for a prespecified list of variables, including the characteristics of the exposed participant (contact), the index case, and the environment, were requested from authors of all eligible studies. Our primary outcome was a composite of prevalent (diagnosed at or within 90 days of baseline) and incident (diagnosed more than 90 days after baseline) tuberculosis in contacts exposed to tuberculosis. Secondary outcomes were pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and mortality. We derived adjusted odds ratios (aORs) using mixed-effects, binary, multivariable logistic regression analyses with study-level random effects, adjusting for the variable of interest, baseline age, sex, previous tuberculosis, and whether data were collected prospectively or retrospectively. We stratified our results by contact age and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020180512. FINDINGS: We identified 14 927 original records from our database searches. We included participant-level data from 26 cohort studies done in 17 countries in our meta-analysis. Among 68 552 participants, 1782 (2·6%) developed tuberculosis (1309 [2·6%] of 49 686 BCG-vaccinated participants vs 473 [2·5%] of 18 866 unvaccinated participants). The overall effectiveness of BCG vaccination against all tuberculosis was 18% (aOR 0·82, 95% CI 0·74-0·91). When stratified by age, BCG vaccination only significantly protected against all tuberculosis in children younger than 5 years (aOR 0·63, 95% CI 0·49-0·81). Among contacts with a positive tuberculin skin test or IFNγ release assay, BCG vaccination significantly protected against tuberculosis among all participants (aOR 0·81, 95% CI 0·69-0·96), participants younger than 5 years (0·68, 0·47-0·97), and participants aged 5-9 years (0·62, 0·38-0·99). There was no protective effect among those with negative tests, unless they were younger than 5 years (0·54, 0·32-0·90). 14 cohorts reported on whether tuberculosis was pulmonary or extrapulmonary (n=57 421). BCG vaccination significantly protected against pulmonary tuberculosis among all participants (916 [2·2%] in 41 119 vaccinated participants vs 334 [2·1%] in 16 161 unvaccinated participants; aOR 0·81, 0·70-0·94) but not against extrapulmonary tuberculosis (106 [0·3%] in 40 318 vaccinated participants vs 38 [0·2%] in 15 865 unvaccinated participants; 0·96, 0·65-1·41). In the four studies with mortality data, BCG vaccination was significantly protective against death (0·25, 0·13-0·49). INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that BCG vaccination at birth is effective at preventing tuberculosis in young children but is ineffective in adolescents and adults. Immunoprotection therefore needs to be boosted in older populations. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health.

Published
2022
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2. The Role of Regulator Catabolite Control Protein A (CcpA) in Streptococcus agalactiae Physiology and Stress Response

Author

Roux, Anne-Emmanuelle, Robert, Sylvie, Bastat, Mathilde, Rosinski-Chupin, Isabelle, Rong, Vanessa, Holbert, Sébastien, Mereghetti, Laurent, Camiade, Emilie, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)

Subjects
group B Streptococcus, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, MESH: Humans, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Usp proteins, adaptation, stress response, CcpA, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Streptococcus agalactiae, stress adaptation, stress, oxidative stress, MESH: Staphylococcal Protein A, acid resistance, carbon catabolite repression (CCR), MESH: Bacterial Proteins, MESH: Female, catabolite repression
Abstract

International audience; Abstract : Streptococcus agalactiae is a leading cause of infections in neonates. This opportunistic pathogen colonizes the vagina, where it has to cope with acidic pH and hydrogen peroxide produced by lactobacilli. Thus, in the host, this bacterium possesses numerous adaptation mechanisms in which the pleiotropic regulators play a major role. The transcriptional regulator CcpA (catabolite control protein A) has previously been shown to be the major regulator involved in carbon catabolite repression in Gram-positive bacteria but is also involved in other functions. By transcriptomic analysis, we characterized the CcpA-dependent gene regulation in S. agalactiae. Approximately 13.5% of the genome of S. agalactiae depends on CcpA for regulation and comprises genes involved in sugar uptake and fermentation, confirming the role of CcpA in carbon metabolism. We confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) that the DNA binding site called cis-acting catabolite responsive element (cre) determined for other streptococci was effective in S. agalactiae. We also showed that CcpA is of capital importance for survival under acidic and oxidative stresses and is implicated in macrophage survival by regulating several genes putatively or already described as involved in stress response. Among them, we focused our study on SAK_1689, which codes a putative UspA protein. We demonstrated that SAK_1689, highly downregulated by CcpA, is overexpressed under oxidative stress conditions, this overexpression being harmful for the bacterium in a ΔccpA mutant.Importance : Streptococcus agalactiae is a major cause of disease burden leading to morbidity and mortality in neonates worldwide. Deciphering its adaptation mechanisms is essential to understand how this bacterium manages to colonize its host. Here, we determined the regulon of the pleiotropic regulator CcpA in S. agalactiae . Our findings reveal that CcpA is not only involved in carbon catabolite repression, but is also important for acidic and oxidative stress resistance and survival in macrophages.

Published
2022
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3. Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project

Author

Thomas Obadia, Gladys Gutierrez-Bugallo, Veasna Duong, Ana I. Nuñez, Rosilainy S. Fernandes, Basile Kamgang, Liza Hery, Yann Gomard, Sandra R. Abbo, Davy Jiolle, Uros Glavinic, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Célestine M. Atyame, Nicolas Pocquet, Sébastien Boyer, Catherine Dauga, Marie Vazeille, André Yébakima, Michael T. White, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, Patrick Mavingui, Anubis Vega-Rua, Eva Veronesi, Gorben P. Pijlman, Christophe Paupy, Núria Busquets, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Xavier De Lamballerie, Anna-Bella Failloux, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Epidémiologie et Analyse des Maladies Infectieuses - Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [UAB, Spain] (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases [Yaoundé] (CRID), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, VECCOTRA, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Tis study was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under ZIKAlliance grant agreement no. 734548., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Obadia, Thomas, A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID, University of Zurich, Failloux, Anna-Bella, Producció Animal, and Sanitat Animal

Subjects
10078 Institute of Parasitology, Laboratory of Virology, General Physics and Astronomy, 610 Medicine & health, 1600 General Chemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MESH: Zika Virus, Mosquito Vectors, Virus-host interactions, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Disease Outbreaks, Laboratorium voor Virologie, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aedes, 600 Technology, Life Science, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Laboratory of Entomology, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, 1000 Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, Multidisciplinary, Zika Virus Infection, Virus–host interactions, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Zika Virus, MESH: Aedes, General Chemistry, PE&RC, Laboratorium voor Entomologie, 3100 General Physics and Astronomy, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Biochemistry, 570 Life sciences, biology, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Entomology
Abstract

First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika. Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of virus-induced brain damage in newborns, is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus. Here, Obadia et al. characterize ZIKV vector competence of 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 different countries to inform about epidemic risk. They find that African ZIKV strain shows higher transmission efficiency compared to American and Asian ZIKV strains and that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have highest susceptibility to infections, while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible.

Published
2022
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4. Epidemiology of Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Prospective, Multicenter, International Cohort Study

Author

de Luca, Daniele, Tingay, David G., van Kaam, Anton H., van Tuijl, Minke, Courtney, Sherry E., Kneyber, Martin C. J., Tissieres, Pierre, Tridente, Ascanio, Rimensberger, Peter C., Pillow, J. Jane, Carnielli, Virgilio P., Nobile, Stefano, Shi, Yuan, Long, Chen, Barcos, Francisca, Hochberg, Amit, Crocker, Caroline E., Harrison, Allen, Perkins, Elizabeth, Mosca, Fabio, Mercadante, Domenica, Raimondi, Francesco, Capasso, Letizia, Kallio, Merja, Raschetti, Roberto, Cillis, Annagrazia, Soreze, Yohan, Black, Lachlan, Khan, Nash, Piastra, Marco, Conti, Giorgio, Danhaive, Olivier, Gibelli, Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni, de Carvalho, Werther Brunow, Mulder, Estelle, Neonatology, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Critical care, Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Emergency medicine (CAPE), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hypertension pulmonaire : physiopathologie et innovation thérapeutique (HPPIT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), University of Melbourne, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Beatrix Children's Hospital [Groningen, Pays-Bas], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), University of Groningen [Groningen], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Hôpital Universitaire de Genève = University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Telethon KIDS Institute, Dr. De Luca received funding from Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Abbvie, Vyaire, Getinge, Medtronic, Masimo, Natus, Airway Therapeutics, and Ophirex, Dr. Tingay is supported by the Victorian Government Infrastructure Support Program. Drs. Tingay and Pillow received support for article research from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (Australia) Fellowships GNT1053889 and GNT1077691, respectively.Dr. van Kaam’s intuition received funding from Vyaire, Mallinckrodt, and Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. Dr. Kneyber received funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, ZonMW, Stichting Vrienden Beatrix Kinderziekenhuis, and University Medical Center Groningen. Dr. Tissieres received funding from Sanofi, Inotrem, and Sedana. Dr. Pillow’s institution received funding from the NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, the NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., and Draeger Medical, for the Neonatal ARDS Project Collaboration Group Collaborators : van Tuijl, Minke, Carnielli, Virgilio P., Nobile, Stefano, Shi, Yuan, Long, Chen, Barcos, Francisca, Hochberg, Amit, Crocker, Caroline E., Harrison, Allen, Perkins, Elizabeth, Mosca, Fabio, Mercadante, Domenica, Raimondi, Francesco, Capasso, Letizia, Kallio, Merja, Raschetti, Roberto, Cillis, Annagrazia, Soreze, Yohan, Black, Lachlan, Khan, Nash, Piastra, Marco, Conti, Giorgio, Danhaive, Olivier, Gibelli, Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni, de Carvalho, Werther Brunow, and Mulder, Estelle

Subjects
Male, MESH: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Cohort Studies, MESH: Pregnancy, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, MESH: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, cohort study Fifteen academic neonatal ICUs acute respiratory distress syndrome, Pregnancy, MESH: Child, Humans, MESH: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, observational, Prospective Studies, Multicenter, Child, MESH: Cohort Studies, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, MESH: Humans, MESH: Infant, Newborn, respiratory failure, Infant, Newborn, MESH: Retrospective Studies, respiratory failure Prospective, acute respiratory distress syndrome, International Cohort Study, neonatal intensive care unit, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Prospective, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, international, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, outcome, Female, neonate, MESH: Female
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Age-specific definitions for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are available, including a specific definition for neonates (the "Montreux definition"). The epidemiology of neonatal ARDS is unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of neonatal ARDS.DESIGN: Prospective, international, observational, cohort study.SETTING: Fifteen academic neonatal ICUs.PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of neonates of any gestational age admitted to participating sites who met the neonatal ARDS Montreux definition criteria.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Neonatal ARDS was classified as direct or indirect, infectious or noninfectious, and perinatal (≤ 72 hr after birth) or late in onset. Primary outcomes were: 1) survival at 30 days from diagnosis, 2) inhospital survival, and 3) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-free survival at 30 days from diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included respiratory complications and common neonatal extrapulmonary morbidities. A total of 239 neonates met criteria for the diagnosis of neonatal ARDS. The median prevalence was 1.5% of neonatal ICU admissions with male/female ratio of 1.5. Respiratory treatments were similar across gestational ages. Direct neonatal ARDS (51.5% of neonates) was more common in term neonates and the perinatal period. Indirect neonatal ARDS was often triggered by an infection and was more common in preterm neonates. Thirty-day, inhospital, and 30-day ECMO-free survival were 83.3%, 76.2%, and 79.5%, respectively. Direct neonatal ARDS was associated with better survival outcomes than indirect neonatal ARDS. Direct and noninfectious neonatal ARDS were associated with the poorest respiratory outcomes at 36 and 40 weeks' postmenstrual age. Gestational age was not associated with any primary outcome on multivariate analyses.CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence and survival of neonatal ARDS are similar to those of pediatric ARDS. The neonatal ARDS subtypes used in the current definition may be associated with distinct clinical outcomes and a different distribution for term and preterm neonates.

Published
2022
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5. Maternal Glycemic Dysregulation During Pregnancy and Neonatal Blood DNA Methylation: Meta-analyses of Epigenome-Wide Association Studies

Author

Elmar W. Tobi, Diana L. Juvinao-Quintero, Justiina Ronkainen, Raffael Ott, Rossella Alfano, Mickaël Canouil, Madelon L. Geurtsen, Amna Khamis, Leanne K. Küpers, Ives Y. Lim, Patrice Perron, Giancarlo Pesce, Johanna Tuhkanen, Anne P. Starling, Toby Andrew, Elisabeth Binder, Robert Caiazzo, Jerry K.Y. Chan, Romy Gaillard, Peter D. Gluckman, Elina Keikkala, Neerja Karnani, Sanna Mustaniemi, Tim S. Nawrot, François Pattou, Michelle Plusquin, Violeta Raverdy, Kok Hian Tan, Evangelia Tzala, Katri Raikkonen, Christiane Winkler, Anette-G. Ziegler, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Luigi Bouchard, Yap Seng Chong, Dana Dabelea, Janine F. Felix, Barbara Heude, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Jari Lahti, Brigitte Reimann, Marja Vääräsmäki, Amélie Bonnefond, Philippe Froguel, Sandra Hummel, Eero Kajantie, Marjo-Riita Jarvelin, Regine P.M. Steegers-Theunissen, Caitlin G. Howe, Marie-France Hivert, Sylvain Sebert, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, University of Oulu, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Klinikums rechts der Isar, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Generation R Study Group, Imperial College London, Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences [Singapour] (SICS), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [iPlesp] (EPAR), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Colorado School of Public Health [Aurora, CO, USA] (CSPH), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Recherche translationnelle sur le diabète - U 1190 (RTD), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), KK Women's and Children's Hospital [Singapore], Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Liggins Institute, University of Auckland [Auckland], Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki, Finland] (FIHW), Oulu University Hospital [Oulu], Bioinformatics Institute [Singapore], Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine [Singapore], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Brunel University London [Uxbridge], Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, Binder, Elisabeth, Küpers, Leanne K., Geurtsen, Madelon L., Raikkonen, Katri, Tuhkanen, Johanna, Felix, Janine F., ALFANO, Rossella, Winkler, Christiane, Ott, Raffael, Dabelea, Dana, Khamis, Amna, Bouchard, Luigi, Bonnefond, Amélie, Canouil, Mickaël, Karnani, Neerja, Hummel, Sandra, Tobi, Elmar W, Sebert, Sylvain, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riita, Keikkala, Elina, Heude, Barbara, Pesce, Giancarlo, Steegers-Theunissen, Regine P.M., Lim, Ives Y., REIMANN, Brigitte, Caiazzo, Robert, Hian Tan, Kok, Chan, Jerry K.Y., Ronkainen, Justiina, Ziegler, Anette-G., NAWROT, Tim, Froguel, Philippe, Gluckman, Peter D., Raverdy, Violeta, Starling, Anne P., Howe, Caitlin G., Lahti, Jari, Mustaniemi, Sanna, Hivert, Marie-France, Seng Chong, Yap, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., Perron, Patrice, Pattou, François, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Juvinao-Quintero, Diana L., Gaillard, Romy, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Plusquin, Michelle, Andrew, Toby, Kajantie, Eero, and Tzala, Evangelia

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MESH: Epigenome, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Epigenesis, Genetic, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Epigenome, MESH: DNA Methylation, MESH: Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, HYPERGLYCEMIA, Pregnancy, Internal Medicine, Humans, MESH: Fetal Blood, MESH: Epigenesis, Genetic, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, MESH: Diabetes, Gestational, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Science & Technology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, DNA Methylation, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Fetal Blood, Diabetes, Gestational, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, MESH: Female, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Maternal glycemic dysregulation during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in her offspring; a risk thought to be linearly related to maternal hyperglycemia. It is hypothesized that changes in offspring DNA methylation (DNAm) underline these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To address this hypothesis, we conducted fixed-effect meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from eight birth cohorts investigating relationships between cord blood DNAm and fetal exposure to maternal glucose (Nmax= 3,503), insulin (Nmax= 2,062), and the area under the curve of glucose (AUCgluc) following oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, Nmax= 1,505). We performed look-up analyses for identified CpG dinucleotides (CpGs) in independent observational cohorts to examine associations between DNAm and cardiometabolic traits as well as tissue-specific gene expression. RESULTS Greater maternal AUCgluc was associated with lower cord blood DNAm at neighboring CpGs cg26974062 (β= -0.013 [SE=2.1x10-3], PFDR= 5.1x10-3) and cg02988288 (β= -0.013 [SE=2.3x10-3], PFDR =0.031) in TXNIP. These associations were attenuated in women with GDM. Lower blood DNAm at these two CpGs near TXNIP was associated with multiple metabolic traits later in life, including type 2 diabetes. TXNIP DNAm in liver biopsies was associated with hepatic expression of TXNIP. We observed little evidence of associations between either maternal glucose or insulin and cord blood DNAm. CONCLUSION Maternal hyperglycemia, as reflected by AUCgluc, was associated with lower cord blood DNAm at TXNIP. Associations between DNAm at these CpGs and metabolic traits in subsequent look-up analyses suggest that these may be candidate loci to investigate in future causal and mediation analyses.

Published
2022
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6. Anaphylaxis and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Call for Public Health Actions

Author

Pascal Demoly, Gianenrico Senna, Michael Schatz, Sophie Carra, María José Torres, Florence Fuchs, P.M. Mertes, Mariana Castells, Luciana Kase Tanno, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Kaiser Permanente, CHU Strasbourg, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga = Regional University Hospital of Malaga [Spain], Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Vanderbilt University Medical Center [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], and Fuchs, Florent

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Caesarean section, Anaphylaxis, MESH: Humans, Cesarean Section, business.industry, Public health, Prevention, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Management, Pregnancy Complications, MESH: Anaphylaxis, MESH: Cesarean section, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Epinephrine, Mortality data, Perioperative anaphylaxis, MESH: Pregnancy complications, Emergency medicine, Female, Public Health, business, MESH: Public Health, MESH: Female, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Background: Although rare, anaphylaxis during pregnancy implies a risk to both mothers and newborns.Objective: This systematic review is intended to identify key issues in the diagnosis and management of this condition to support prevention strategies and decrease the risk for death related to anaphylaxis during pregnancy.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS, SciELO, and Science Direct databases for manuscripts concerning the term "anaphylaxis during pregnancy," without language restrictions. We screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk for bias independently in duplicate.Results: We selected 12 articles. Frequency of anaphylaxis during maternity was estimated to be 1.5 to 3.8 per 100,000 pregnancies. Only one study provided anaphylaxis mortality data in pregnant women; the rate of anaphylaxis-related maternal mortality was estimated at 0.05/100,000 live births. No standard definition of anaphylaxis severity has been used. A total of 49% to 74% of anaphylaxis cases were described during caesarean section. Beta-lactam antibiotics (58%), latex (25%), and anesthetic agents (17%) were the main causes. In 17% of reports, causative agents were proven by allergy testing. Moreover, 72% of articles proposed the same management and treatment for a clinical episode of anaphylaxis during pregnancy as for nonpregnant patients, and the use of epinephrine in the patient's care during anaphylaxis in pregnancy.Conclusions: Few studies address anaphylaxis during pregnancy. Most have been produced by nonallergy specialists. Collaboration among different specialists involved in the care of pregnant women should be established to support preventive strategies and reduce avoidable deaths.

Published
2021
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7. Bacterial vaginosis and other infections in pregnant women in Senegal

Author

Bonneton, Marion, Huynh, Bich-Tram, Seck, Abdoulaye, Bercion, Raymond, Sarr, Fatoumata Diene, Delarocque-Astagneau, Elisabeth, Vray, Muriel, Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Epidémiologie et modélisation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens - Epidemiology and modelling of bacterial escape to antimicrobials (EMAE), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale [Dakar, Sénégal], Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale [Dakar, Sénégal], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), This study was financially supported by the Total Foundation, the African Center for Maternal and Child Health (Centre d’Excellence Africain pour la Santé de la Mère et de l’Enfant – CEA-SAMEF) and by the Department of International Cooperation of the Principality of Monaco., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Bich-Tram, Huynh

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Vaginal microbiome, MESH: Vaginosis, Bacterial, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Senegal, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH: Humans, Pregnant women, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Vaginosis, Bacterial, Bacterial vaginosis, Senegal, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Vagina, Vagina, Female, MESH: Pregnant Women, MESH: Female, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery and spontaneous abortion. Yet little data on BV prevalence exist for sub-Saharan countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Senegal.MethodsFrom October 2013 to December 2018, pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in two primary health centers (one suburban, one rural) in Senegal. Healthcare workers interviewed women and collected a lower vaginal swab and a blood sample. Vaginal flora were classified into four categories using vaginal smear microscopic examination and Gram’s coloration. In our study, BV was defined as vaginal flora with no Lactobacillus spp. Variables associated with BV were analyzed using STATA® through univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 457 women provided a vaginal sample for analysis. Overall, BV prevalence was 18.6% (85/457) [95% CI 15.4–22.6]) and was similar in suburban and rural areas (18.9% versus 18.1%, p = 0.843). Multivariate analysis showed that primigravidity was the only factor independently associated with a lower risk of BV (aOR 0.35 [95% CI 0.17–0.72]).ConclusionsOur study showed significant BV prevalence among pregnant women in Senegal. Although the literature has underscored the potential consequences of BV for obstetric outcomes, data are scarce on BV prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. Before authorities consider systematic BV screening for pregnant women, a larger study would be useful in documenting prevalence, risk factors and the impact of BV on pregnancy outcomes.

Published
2021
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