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Motivated by a widely practiced strategy to combine the growth of the solar energy sector with poverty mitigation, we propose stylized models of households selling extra solar energy back to the grid, which generates a steady stream of income to overcome adoption barriers for solar panels, that is, high adoption cost and generation variability. By considering households' strategic consumption shifting behavior in response to varying intertemporal market electricity prices, we have presented the equilibrium adoption number and households' equilibrium profit. We have also demonstrated the government's optimal subsidy to reach a socially optimal adoption level. Furthermore, we investigate the popular Public Private Partnership (PPP) model in developing countries to promote the investment of solar panels. Under the PPP program, the private firms share both upfront cost and electricity revenue with households, while the government may provide subsidy to further encourage adoption. Despite the popularity of the PPP scheme, our model documents an unexpected negative implication by inducing a lower overall adoption level than the traditional scheme: As the PPP scheme relieves budgetary burden of households in adopting solar panels (infrastructure cost), anticipating the long‐term revenue loss, they are less likely to participate in the first place. However, combined with the government intervention via adoption subsidy, the PPP scheme can lead to a win‐win solution for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we present a new method to treat cellulose with a sulfamic acid-urea-choline chloride (ternary deep eutectic solvent) system, which can realize both swelling and sulfation of cellulose. This can greatly reduce the energy consumption in the process of cellulose nanoization, and use it to successfully prepare food packaging films for eliminating odors. We hope that due its simplicity and resource-efficiency, this method will have a widespread influence on currently used (nano) cellulose modification protocols., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)