Search

Since its coinage ca. 1850 AD by Philip Barker Webb, the biogeographical region of Macaronesia, consisting of the North Atlantic volcanic archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira with the tiny Selvagens, the Canaries and Cabo Verde, and for some authors different continental coastal strips, has been under dispute. Herein, after a brief introduction on the terminology and purpose of regionalism, we recover the origins of the Macaronesia name, concept and geographical adscription, as well as its biogeographical implications and how different authors have positioned themselves, using distinct terrestrial or marine floristic and/or faunistic taxa distributions and relationships for accepting or rejecting the existence of this biogeographical region. Four main issues related to Macaronesia are thoroughly discussed: (i) its independence from the Mediterranean phytogeographical region; (ii) discrepancies according to different taxa analysed; (iii) its geographical limits and the role of the continental enclave(s), and, (iv) the validity of the phytogeographical region level. We conclude that Macaronesia has its own identity and a sound phytogeographical foundation, and that this is mainly based on three different floristic components that are shared by the Macaronesian core (Madeira and the Canaries) and the outermost archipelagos (Azores and Cabo Verde). These floristic components are: (i) the Palaeotropical‐Tethyan Geoflora, formerly much more widely distributed in Europe and North Africa and currently restricted to the three northern archipelagos (the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries); (ii) the African Rand Flora, still extant in the coastal margins of Africa and Arabia, and present in the southern archipelagos (Madeira, the Canaries and Cabo Verde), and (iii) the Macaronesian neoendemic floristic component, represented in all the archipelagos, a result of allopatric diversification promoted by isolation of Mediterranean ancestors that manage to colonize Central Macaronesia and, from there, the outer archipelagos. Finally, a differentiating floristic component recently colonized the different archipelagos from the nearest continental coast, providing them with different biogeographic flavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Madeira forms part of the Madeira Archipelago, an Autonomous Region of Portugal, in the NE Atlantic Ocean. The Madeira Archipelago was built on 140-million-year-old oceanic crust. The exposed geology of Madeira is comprised of the Miocene (> 5.6 million years old) Basal (Inferior), Pleistocene-Miocene (1.8–5.6 million years old) Intermediate Volcanic, Pleistocene (0.7–1.8 million years old) Upper (Superior) Volcanic, and Holocene-Pleistocene (0.007-0.7 million years old) Upper (Superior) Volcanic complexes, generating the landforms and landscapes for which the island is renowned. There are at least 17 geosites on Madeira, including those in the Ponta de São Lourenço, Porto da Cruz, São Vicente Valley, Pico Ruivo, and Ponta da Cruz areas. Geotourism is not as well developed as cultural or biodiversity tourism on Madeira, however, it represents another way for tourists to explore the island’s natural heritage if done in a sustainable manner. Future studies are required to better delineate and set up georoutes on Madeira, particularly in the Ponta de São Lourenço, Porto da Cruz, and São Vicente Valley areas. It is envisaged that the aforementioned geosites could be linked by a single georoute around Madeira, the Madeira Georoute. Further investigation of the geosites identified by this study is required to ensure that these sites are managed and conserved, thereby protecting the geoheritage of Madeira. Geoconservation, sustainable tourism and the cooperation between the public and government authorities (including geologists) are required to improve geotourism on Madeira. The application of the Inventario Español de Lugares de Interés Geológico (IELIG) and Geosite Assessment (GA) models are required to assess and manage threats to Madeira’s geoheritage sites. Such threats include coastal erosion and human activities, such as mass tourism and urban expansion. It is proposed that the government of the Autonomous Region of Madeira in consultation with local and regional stakeholders should submit an application to create a UNESCO Global Geopark on the island of Madeira. This territorial sustainable development approach should be implemented based on the principles of geotourism, geoconservation, and geoeducation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing energy production through renewable sources is a challenge for islands. This paper investigates the potential of hydropower as a renewable energy source for islands in the Macaronesia region, which includes the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Ecological transition towards renewable energy sources is crucial for these islands due to their current dependence on imported fossil fuels and their remoteness. The methodology used in this paper combines a SWOT analysis with a review of relevant literature. The SWOT analysis evaluates the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats associated with hydropower development on each island. The results show that each island has unique characteristics that influence its hydropower potential. The Azores has existing mini-hydropower plants and opportunities for pumped storage systems due to its rainfall and volcanic features. Madeira also utilizes hydropower, including the world's first underground pumped storage plant (UPHS) in Socorridos. However, limitations exist due to the mountainous terrain and competition for water resources. The Canary Islands showcase the success story of El Hierro Island, which significantly increased renewable energy penetration through a wind farm and pumped storage hydropower system. The topography and lack of rainfall on Cape Verde make the development of hydropower a significant challenge and, as a result, the focus has shifted to wind power. The study concludes that hydropower can play a significant role in the ecological transition of these islands. However, careful planning and consideration of environmental factors are necessary to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential drawbacks. The paper emphasizes the importance of islandspecific assessments and exploring opportunities for pumped storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO A lignificação é um processo bioquímico que abrange desde a formação dos monolignóis até a polimerização da lignina na parede celular. Além do apoio ao sistema estrutural da parede celular, defesa física e química, a lignina participa no processo de transporte de água no floema vascular e nas células do xilema. As estruturas moleculares das ligninas mostram-se variações complexas de acordo com sua composição. A biossíntese da lignina é composta de duas etapas. A primeira, consta da participação de uma série de enzimas como: PAL, C4H, 4CL, C3H, OMT, F5H, CCR e CAD, que catalisam a formação dos precursores intermediários e finais dentro do compartimento citoplasmático. Durante a formação desses precursores algumas dessas enzimas atuam sobre o núcleo aromático, introduzindo hidroxilas em C-3 e C-5 e as metilando em seguida, enquanto outras promovem a redução da cadeia lateral. Estudos demonstram que a regulação destas enzimas podem modificar a arquitetura molecular e o grau de polimerização da lignina. Atualmente técnicas apuradas de transgenia são usadas para regular as atividades enzimáticas durante a formação da lignina, resultando em diversos benefícios para o setor florestal, agropecuária e meio ambiente.

RESUMO A madeira é um produto originado de um metabolismo bioquímico complexo de uma árvore. Esse metabolismo tem sido parcialmente descrito com base em estudos químicos, bioquímicos, enzimáticos e genômicos. A lignificação, por exemplo, é um processo final de uma via metabólica expressamente associada à formação do lenho, ativando os mecanismos do desenvolvimento geral e principalmente da diferenciação de determinados tecidos. Esse processo de formação xilemática recai sobre um controle de fatores altamente diversificados como nutrição, doenças e sistema hormonal. Esta revisão apresenta os fitohormônios como agentes reguladores do processo de formação da madeira. Estes fitohormônios são substâncias especiais que controlam vários processos fisiológicos e morfológicos de uma planta, assumindo grande importância sobre o contexto anatômico, bioquímico, fisiológico e genético. Em alguns, casos o efeito sinergístico sobre a xilogênese controla o processo de lignificação, por exemplo, na regulação da atividade da peroxidase na parede celular.

Resumo O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia para determinação do teor de sílica em materiais lignocelulósicos e verifica a sua aplicabilidade e reprodutibilidade na determinação do teor de sílica na madeira de tauari (Couratari stellata A.C.Sm.). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a metodologia proposta fornece resultados reprodutíveis e confiáveis. Além disso, foi avaliada a metodologia proposta por van der VORM (1987) para determinação de sílica nas cinzas de materiais vegetais por colorimetria e uma outra metodologia que determina o teor de sílica por gravimetria. Concluiu-se que a primeira não fornece bons resultados para as espécies florestais e a segunda é excessivamente lenta.

Zircon from four plutons of peralkaline granites and quartz-bearing syenites, differing in geotectonic positions, petrological and mineralogical compositions, and contents of volatile and trace elements, was studied using SEM, CL, and EPMA with the intention to define typical textural and chemical features of zircon from peralkaline rocks. In strongly peralkaline Na-pyroxene-bearing rocks represented by the Khan Bogd and Khalzan Buregte plutons (Mongolia), the primary zircon is scarce or missing. Most zircon grains are secondary, originating in hydrothermal stage from primary Zr silicates. They often form globular or radial aggregates. Chemical compositions of zircon in these rocks typically show high contents of Y, moderate contents of REE (thus high Y/Yb values) together with low contents of U and Th and low analytical totals. In mildly peralkaline mica-bearing rocks represented by Ivigtut stock (Groenland) and Madeira pluton (Brazil), the exclusive primary Zr mineral is zircon, mostly of orthomagmatic origin. Its analytical totals approach 100 wt%, enrichment in HREE, resulting in low Y/Yb values, is typical. Zircon populations from two types of peralkaline granitoids can be distinguished from each other and from zircon from S-type granites based on combination of the Zr/Hf, Y/Yb, and U/Th values, or on the Y-Hf-P ternary diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of science in islands is not a well worked out discipline. This article offers the first thorough historical account of astronomical activities at Madeira, from the discovery of the uninhabited island in the fifteenth century (600 years ago), through its establishment as an astronomical observatory (300 years ago) and up to the recent past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento (RT&D) / Journal of Tourism & Development is the property of Associacao de Gestao e Planeamento em Turismo da Universidade de Aveiro (AGPTUA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento (RT&D) / Journal of Tourism & Development is the property of Associacao de Gestao e Planeamento em Turismo da Universidade de Aveiro (AGPTUA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O lodo de esgoto é um subproduto do tratamento de esgoto, e seu destino é a incineração ou armazenamento em aterros sanitários, mas pode ser usado na agricultura como fertilizante. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a importância do uso do lodo de esgoto como fertilizante do solo em plantios florestais de espécies madeireiras. A metodologia que se mostrou mais adequada para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foi a pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática, realizada em artigos científicos publicados entre os anos de 2013 a 2023. O uso do lodo de esgoto em plantios florestais acelera e aumenta a produção de madeira e biomassa, além de trazer benefícios nutricionais. A sua utilização como fertilizante também traz benefícios ao meio ambiente, pois evita sua deposição em aterros sanitários ou a sua incineração e fornece retorno financeiro para a empresa que trata os efluentes e para empresa florestal, já que minimiza os gastos com fertilizantes convencionais.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de quatro espécies de eucalipto: Área de Produção de Sementes; Eucalyptus urophylla de Avaré; Eucalyptus pellita de Kuranda e Eucalyptus camaldulensis de Petford em quatro espaçamentos de plantio (3x2m; 6x2m; 6x3m e 6x4m). A coleta dos dados foi realizada com árvores de 9,4 anos de idade. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência, o DAP, a altura total, o volume individual e por hectare. Os resultados mostraram que, para o DAP e volume por planta as médias aumentaram conforme o aumento do espaçamento; o volume por hectare apresentou comportamento inverso; a altura sofreu influência apenas das espécies; a sobrevivência apresentou diferença entre os espaçamentos, sendo a maior média no espaçamento mais amplo.

RESUMO Madeiras de pinus e eucalipto foram coladas variando a quantidade de adesivo, pressão de colagem e diluição do resorcinol. As resistências das juntas coladas e da madeira sólida foram determinadas, juntamente com a percentagem de falhas e massa especifica. Na madeira de pinus, os melhores resultados de resistência foram obtidos para taxa de aplicação de 600 g/m2 e pressão de colagem de 1,0 MPa. Estatisticamente, as diluições em até 10% e 15%, respectivamente, para pinus e eucalipto, tiveram o mesmo desempenho do adesivo não diluído. Na taxa de aplicação de 600 g/m2, a resistência média das juntas coladas de pinus ultrapassou a resistência da madeira sólida, e as de eucalipto também , nas diluições até 15% na pressão de 1,0 MPa. A quantidade de 300 g/m2 pode ser considerada aceitável em ambas madeiras, pois as resistências das juntas coladas atingiram as resistências das madeiras sólidas.

RESUMO O transporte rodoviário ainda é considerado como principal meio para retirada das toras de madeira no Brasil, desde o corte ao beneficiamento, mesmo com seu elevado custo. Sendo assim, o transporte rodoviário também fica responsável pelo aumento nos custos dos subprodutos beneficiados. Pode-se observar ainda que este setor produtivo na atualidade tem que suportar a forte influência de aumento de custos em virtude de vários fatores. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar a viabilidade econômica de tipos de composições de caminhões que podem ser utilizados na remoção e transporte de toras, especialmente na Região de Itapeva-SP, que possui características relevantes na produção de madeira reflorestada e que também possui empresas de beneficiamento. Através de estudos e análises, procurou-se caracterizar e demonstrar três composições que podem atender às necessidades do transporte madeireiro, contudo, visando obter maior rendimento e diminuição dos custos destinados ao transporte de toras na região.

RESUMO As dimensões de corpos-de-prova para caracterização da madeira são estabelecidas sempre buscando situações em que seja anulada a interferência do atrito nas medidas de deformação. A NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) - Anexo B adota corpos-de-prova para o ensaio de compressão paralela às fibras com relação 1:3 entre uma aresta da seção transversal (50 mm) e o comprimento, enquanto a COPANT 464 (COPANT, 1972) e ASTM D 143 (ASTM, 1982) estabelecem a de 1:4. Este trabalho objetivou determinar se as proporções 1:3, 1:4 e 1:5 nos corpos-de-prova, referentes aos comprimentos de 150, 200 e 250 mm, respectivamente, influenciam o Ec0 obtido na compressão paralela às fibras. As análises foram realizadas nas espécies Canelão (Nectandra membranacea), Corymbia citriodora e Angelim (Vatairea sp.). Os valores de Ec0 para as espécies citadas apresentaram-se estatisticamente equivalentes entre si, ao nível de 5% de significância, demonstrando que as variações nos comprimentos dos corpos-de-prova não afetaram esta propriedade.

AbstractUsing integrative taxonomy, we describe Macrobiotus kosmali sp. nov. from Ribeira Brava, Madeira (Portugal). Based on morphological and morphometric data from both phase contrast light microscopy (PCM), as well as, from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), description of the new species is provided. Additionally, four DNA markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI) were used to calculate the p-distances between Macrobiotus kosmali sp. nov. and other species of the genus Macrobiotus. The uncorrected genetic distances indicated that the new species is the most similar to its four congeners, namely Mac. cf. recens and morphologically, new species is most similar to Mac. dariae, Mac. glebkai, Mac. noemiae, Mac. recens, Mac. rybaki and Mac. scoticus, but differs from them mainly in details of its egg chorion and egg processes.http://urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B371F633-B35C-4578-8C75-9FA2B5E80588

Abstract A high percentage of island floras are at risk of extinction and have been reduced to relic populations, often in remote hard‐to‐reach areas. Uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS aka drones) are now being utilized to assist in the survey and collection of rare plants in inaccessible areas or vertical cliff habitats. Here, we test the application of this technology for conservation of 23 plant taxa in three oceanic island hotspots: Hawaiʻi, Madeira and the Republic of Palau. We collect high‐resolution imagery using a small UAS to document the distribution and abundance of vascular flowering plants. Location information is then used to map and assess plant populations. Depending on the terrain, collections are completed using either traditional rope techniques or newly developed remote drone‐based collection methods. Over the course of 6 years, we have greatly expanded our knowledge of rare and endangered species, while increasing survey efficiency and staff safety. Most importantly, this work has had a large impact on the conservation of critically endangered plants. Although using drones for botanical conservation comes with limits and challenges, we see great potential in the continued employment of these techniques wherever plants are growing on cliffs or in other hard‐to‐reach areas.

The increasing frequency of fires is a major threat to biodiversity around the world, further facilitated by global warming. Fires usually affect insect populations directly, but insect eggs may partly be protected from wildfires when oviposited into the ground. Madeira belongs to the Macaronesian islands which experience wildfires annually. The Madeiran Green Bush-Cricket (Psalmatophanes barretoi) is endemic to the island and listed on the IUCN Red List as Vulnerable with wildfires being named as the major threat to the species. However, it remains unclear whether the eggs of P. barretoi may be partly protected from fires due to the oviposition substrate (soil). It also remains unknown whether increased temperature alone or increased drought are more important drivers of mortality when fires are approaching or surpassing an oviposition site. We hypothesized that drought might have a significant effect on mortality when heat levels remain slightly below or above mortal temperatures. Therefore, we tested the effects of temperature and drought on egg survival in two laboratory experiments by incubating eggs at different temperatures (49 °C, 55 °C) for six hours with and without water replacement. Our results show that the combination of drought and heat affected egg mortality significantly stronger than heat alone. As a result, we conclude that egg mortality is strongly mediated by soil desiccation and that eggs might be buffered from fire effects in moist habitats or after increased rainfall. Implications for insect conservation: Our results suggest that soil moisture is a key variable to mitigate egg mortality from wildfires. This can be reached by protecting habitats with high soil moisture (e.g. laurel forests and many native bushes) or by prescribed burning during the winter months when soil moisture is higher than in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereals and cereal-based foods continue to be basic foods in all diets. Despite being known for their high nutritional value; they can also contain contaminants (hazards) such as toxic metals. This study assesses the Cd, Pb and Hg dietary exposure from cereals and derivatives marketed in Madeira and the Azores and characterizes the risks by evaluating the Cd and Hg intake contributions to the tolerable intakes and by estimating the Margin of Exposure (MOE) in the case of Pb. In Madeira, metals follow the descending order of Cd > Pb > Hg. Cd stands out as having the highest levels (0.307 mg Cd/kg in oats; 0.237 mg/kg in rye). High levels of Pb (0.347 mg/kg) were also detected in rye. Regarding total mercury, rice stands out (0.0013 mg/kg) followed by wheat (0.001 mg/kg). While all cereals and derivatives except maize consumed in Madeira exceed the maximum value of Cd allowed by the EU, 50.0% of the rye and 25.0% of the corn flour samples exceeded the European Pb limit. The daily consumption of 100 g of oats, rye flour and rye represent high contributions to the TWI of Cd (93.2 – 120%). The MOE values of Pb from the consumption of rye (100 g/day) are 1,294 (nephrotoxic effects) and 3,082 (cardiotoxic effects). In the Azores, corn flour (0.72 mg Pb/kg) stands out with 85.7% of the samples exceeding the maximum Pb EU limit and MOE values of 626 (nephrotoxic effects) and 1,490 (cardiotoxic effects). Regular daily consumption of corn flour makes a low (< 10%) contribution to the Cd TDI. In conclusion, the Pb exposure from the consumption of cereals and derivatives could have toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity or cardiotoxicity in adults. The results highlight the need to set up monitoring and surveillance programs for the safety of cereals and their derivatives in Madeira and the Azores in terms of lead and cadmium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Evolutionary studies of oceanic island endemics are usually focused on lineages that have experienced in situ radiation, while those that speciated once on the island or archipelago but have not further diversified (single‐species endemics) remain understudied. The Macaronesian archipelagos, in the Atlantic Ocean, are home to significant numbers of single‐species endemics. The genus Hedera L. (12 species) includes three single‐species endemics from three Macaronesian archipelagos with putatively independent origins. Here, we tested the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism in their evolution. To that end, we (1) reconstructed the spatio‐temporal origin of Macaronesian ivies using phylogenomics, and (2) assessed the role of climatic niche during their colonization and speciation. Location: Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, western Mediterranean. Taxon: Hedera spp. Methods: We used 166 samples representing all Hedera species to generate genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) libraries and performed time‐calibrated phylogenomic and biogeographic analyses. Climatic preferences and climatic niche evolution were assessed using a geo‐referenced database of the western ivy species (2,297 records). Results: Independent and asynchronous colonization and speciation were estimated for the three Macaronesian ivies, resulting in different degrees of phylogenetic and climatic niche differentiation: H. canariensis displayed an early divergence (7.5–12 Ma) and high phylogenetic and niche isolation; H. azorica had intermediate phylogenetic isolation and niche divergence from its closest relative H. helix (4.4–6.8 Ma) and H. maderensis was embedded within the climatically similar H. iberica (2.8–4.6 Ma). A strong phylogenetic signal was suggested for climatic niche in the western clade of Hedera, where the three Macaronesian ivies are placed. Main Conclusions: The three Macaronesian ivies represent the evolutionary stages leading to the emergence of single‐species island endemics. Climatic niche conservatism appears to be involved in the evolution of single‐species endemics, first by facilitating island colonization, and then by limiting in situ diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economy is increasingly focusing on the Oceans to meet its needs, for which maritime spatial planning is being fostered to promote this is done sustainably. Thus, assessing the current state and future development trends of the maritime sectors is key to evaluating the performance of the planning process. This is the aim of this study, in which the main maritime sectors related to the blue economy present in the archipelagos of the European Macaronesia Sea Basin, i.e. the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), were identified and studied. The following maritime sectors were analysed: fisheries, marine aquaculture, marine biotechnology, coastal and maritime tourism, maritime transport, ship repair and maintenance, extraction of aggregates, deep-sea mining, offshore oil and gas, renewable ocean energies, and desalination. As part of the PLASMAR project, partners undertook in 2017–19 a literature review gathering scientific papers, official statistics and reports, which were complemented by interviews with experts from the economic sectors and public administration departments. Results show that while some maritime sectors are well established, others are emerging sectors with varying long-term growth potential. Besides, development patterns vary across the archipelagos. This study represents the first effort in the Macaronesia Sea Basin to set the basis of the current and future development conditions of the blue economy in applicability to maritime spatial planning processes at a regional level. The future post-pandemic context will provide a unique opportunity to promote the blue economy sectors and activities through the support provided by the EU Green Deal and Recovery and Resilience Plans, as well as with the actions envisioned under the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030). The European Macaronesia example –given its wide maritime territory, commitment, and capacities in terms of expertise and networking– presents a great potential to act as a good practice to extrapolate the new approach for a sustainable blue economy to other similar geographical settings such as island regions/states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reparações estruturais de objetos arqueológicos encharcados e consolidados com ceras sintéticas continuam a ser medidas delicadas, principalmente, por ainda não existirem soluções adesivas verdadeiramente idóneas que possam ser utilizadas eficazmente e de forma generalizada nessa realidade material. Na intervenção de conservação e restauro, realizada no Laboratório do CNANS/DGPC sobre os problemas de fendimento da Piroga Monóxila Lima 1 (consolidada com cera sintética), desenvolveu-se uma metodologia de tratamentos, baseada nos comportamentos da fluência da madeira, que mostrou bons efeitos práticos na estabilização da reação viscoelástica e das tensões internas dos fenómenos de retração, nos parâmetros de relaxação adequados ao desempenho satisfatório e duradouro de soluções adesivas comerciais. Os procedimentos envolvidos e as tarefas realizadas podem constituir-se como uma referência relevante na mitigação deste tipo problemas sobre esta realidade material, ou ter préstimo em intervenções de grande dimensão, quando não existam grandes recursos orçamentais e/ou de infraestruturas.

This article presents a detailed analysis of the local housing strategies (ELH) in the Municipality of Machico, Madeira, examining the diagnosis of housing needs, proposed solutions, and projected goals for the future. In addition to addressing the rehabilitation of private and public housing and the increase in housing supply, the study also explores how ELH relate to the new generation of housing policies and the public support program for promoting housing solutions for vulnerable people. It is important to note that the implementation of ELH in Machico also has a positive impact on the local landscape and climate resilience, promoting the conservation of important forest areas for the production and management of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly regarded and award-winning tourism destination that is the autonomous region of Madeira (ARM), in the Madeira and Porto Santo islands, has suffered the consequences that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to tourism through the mobility limitations as well as the fear faced by travelers. From data collected on tourism, COVID-19, and demography in ARM from the years 2019 to 2020, this study makes use of data science techniques, including statistics, data mining, and data visualization, to analyze the direct and indirect effects of the coronavirus outbreak as well as the weight of population density in the propagation of the virus. The results validate a direct effect and show evidence of dense regions having aggravated virus propagation, but they do not corroborate the idea that an indirect effect was significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ge-Conservación is the property of Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anagenetic speciation is an important mode of evolution in oceanic islands, yet relatively understudied compared to adaptive radiation. In the Macaronesian region, three closely related species of Artemisia (i.e. A. argentea , A. thuscula and A. gorgonum) are each endemic from a single archipelago (i.e. Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde, respectively), representing a perfect opportunity to study three similar but independent anagenetic speciation processes. By analysing plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, as well as nuclear DNA amount data, generated from a comprehensive sampling in all the islands and archipelagos where these species are currently distributed, we intend to find common evolutionary patterns that help us explain the limited taxonomic diversification experienced by endemic Macaronesian Artemisia. Our time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that divergence among the three lineages occurred in a coincidental short period of time during the Pleistocene. Haplotype and genetic differentiation analyses showed similar diversity values among A. argentea , A. thuscula and A. gorgonum. Clear phylogeographic patterns—showing comparable genetic structuring among groups of islands—were also found within the three archipelagos. Even from the cytogenetic point of view, the three species presented similarly lower genome size values compared to the mainland closely related species A. arborescens. We hypothesize that the limited speciation experienced by the endemic Artemisia in Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde archipelagos could be related to their recent parallel evolutionary histories as independent lineages, combined with certain shared characteristics of seed dispersal, pollen transport and type of habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os materiais naturais como madeira ou mesmo aqueles industrializados, que remetem ao aspecto natural, são mais valorizados pelos usuários, por estarem associados ao bem-estar e aos princípios da biofilia pelas texturas, cores, desenhos e atributos emocionais e simbólicos que conferem aos ambientes internos. Os projetistas têm papel estratégico nesse contexto, criando novas experiências e formas de morar, atentos aos aspectos sustentáveis e tecnológicos atuais. Como parâmetro das tendências de mercado do setor, as mostras de design e arquitetura de interiores são referências e representam uma prospecção de futuro, tendo em vista que aproximam profissionais e consumidores, interagindo com cenários, materiais e novas soluções. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar como tem sido aplicada a madeira e seus derivados nos projetos de interiores, através do Estudo de Caso de três importantes mostras gaúchas, que ocorreram em Porto Alegre e Região Metropolitana, em 2021. Através de revisão bibliográfica, visitas exploratórias e análise de dados qualitativos e fotográficos dos locais, foi possível identificar duas correntes principais de atuação dos arquitetos e designers: uma ligada ao conceito contemporâneo e, outra, que busca um resgate mais natural dos ambientes. Em ambas, a apropriação da madeira e seus derivados em variadas formas de uso foram identificados.

Os compósitos madeira-cimento são formados por uma mistura de cimento Portland, água e resíduos de madeira em fibras ou partículas, aplicando-se principalmente em painéis, obtendo-se um destino aos resíduos da indústria madeireira. Fatores como a espécie, tratamento e dimensão das partículas de madeira interferem no desempenho físico e mecânico dos compósitos e por isso são continuamente investigados na literatura. Dessa forma, nesse trabalho apresentou-se uma análise físico-mecânica experimental de compósitos madeira-cimento com resíduos de Pinus sp. e bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus giganteus tratados em água quente e analisou-se seus efeitos na densidade, o módulo de elasticidade e o módulo de ruptura obtidos através de ensaio de compressão. Avaliou-se, também, a aplicação de modelos micromecânicos (regras de mistura) na predição do módulo de elasticidade. Por fim, os resultados experimentais foram analisados estatisticamente e o módulo de elasticidade obtido pelos modelos micromecânicos foram comparados aos obtidos experimentalmente.

Using integrative taxonomy, we describe Macrobiotus kosmali sp. nov. from Ribeira Brava, Madeira (Portugal). Based on morphological and morphometric data from both phase contrast light microscopy (PCM), as well as, from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), description of the new species is provided. Additionally, four DNA markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI) were used to calculate the p-distances between Macrobiotus kosmali sp. nov. and other species of the genus Macrobiotus. The uncorrected genetic distances indicated that the new species is the most similar to its four congeners, namely Mac. cf. recens and morphologically, new species is most similar to Mac. dariae, Mac. glebkai, Mac. noemiae, Mac. recens, Mac. rybaki and Mac. scoticus, but differs from them mainly in details of its egg chorion and egg processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report two alien species of Coccinellidae in Portugal. Cheilomenes sexmaculata was discovered in Algarve, mainland Portugal. The presence of Olla v-nigrum was confirmed in Madeira Island. It is the first and surprising report of Cheilomenes sexmaculata in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emerging threat of ciguatera poisoning (CP) in Europe has been associated with fish captured in the Canary Islands (Spain) and Selvagens Islands (Portugal). The first are heavily populated islands where numerous scientific studies have been carried out. Conversely, the Selvagens Islands as a nature reserve with low human pressure have been rarely surveyed in terms of the marine benthic microalgae, including the epiphytic ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate species. To investigate the harmful microalgal diversity of the Selvagens Islands, a scientific cruise to these remote islands took place in September, 2018. The Gambierdiscus species composition and distribution, and the associated epiphytic dinoflagellate community, were assessed using artificial substrate devices. Gambierdiscus cells were found in all samples, reaching concentrations of up to 725 cells 100 cm–2. G. australes was the only species identified after morphological and molecular analysis of the retrieved cultures. Species identification was confirmed by molecular characterization based on the LSU D8–D10 region. Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies indicated that some strains diverged from the G. australes clade suggesting genetic differentiation. Toxicity was estimated by neuro-2a cell-based assay in four strains, ranging from 2.46–83 fg of CTX1B eq. cell–1. The epiphytic dinoflagellate community that co-occurred with Gambierdiscus comprised other toxic or potentially toxic dinoflagellates, such as Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Amphidinium and Coolia species. Oceanographic and meteorological data were also obtained to characterize the occurrence of Gambierdiscus. This study is the first stage in understanding the role of the Selvagens Islands in the incubation and proliferation of the ciguatera-causing dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus in the NE Atlantic. The Selvagens Islands are a ciguatera hotspot in Europe. Gambierdiscus australes was the only species observed in the Selvagens Islands. Strains diverging from the G. australes clade suggest genetic differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the interest in the Eucalyptus benthamii species and the search for alternatives to determine some physical properties in a fast and reliable way, the objective of this study was to build multivariate calibration models through the near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technique and partial least squares regression (PLS) for wood basic density (BD) and chip moisture (U). Trees were sampled in five diametric classes and used to evaluate DB, as a function of 3 ages and 3 production regions of E. benthamii. We considered only plantations at 7 years of age in the harvest phase and chip samples considering pre-defined intervals of ten days, from the date of tree harvest to 90 days, in two seasons of the year (winter and spring) for moisture analysis. For DB and U, NIR models were calibrated and validated using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Calibration models were evaluated by correlation coefficients (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and variance performance ratio (RPD). The models for near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy showed R² values ranging from 0.60 to 0.68 for basic density and 0.72 for moisture. The best model for DB observed was the one that considered only the DAP samples. It was concluded that the NIR technique was suitable for estimating the properties of moisture and wood density in this evaluated species, E. benthamii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A visita a jardins tem conhecido um elevado crescimento a nível mundial. No caso de Portugal, a ilha da Madeira assume lugar de destaque. Este trabalho pretende analisar a trajetória do turismo de jardins na ilha da Madeira, em particular a importância dos jardins enquanto elementos identificadores e fatores de atração do destino, a dimensão da procura nos três principais jardins pagos na ilha e a sua evolução na última década, para além das estratégias implementadas e dos constrangimentos que permanecem. Enquadrado numa reflexão teórica integradora dos temas, para este estudo foram ainda analisados dados estatísticos provenientes de diversas fontes e realizado trabalho de campo. A procura por jardins na Madeira tem aumentado, embora não com a expressividade que já se verificou outrora; o jardim botânico, o Tropical Monte Palace e o Palheiro Ferreiro continuam a assumir-se como atrações âncora, porém apresentam trajetórias diferenciadas. Não obstante os resultados obtidos na última década, o turismo de jardins da Madeira carece de uma visão estratégica e integradora dos seus múltiplos atores e interesses.

O Autor passa em revista o debate sobre os principais preceitos relativos à Autonomia dos Açores e da Madeira em sessão plenária da Assembleia Constituinte. O ponto de partida foi o projeto elaborado pela Comissão para tal efeito mandatada. As intervenções feitas durante o debate na generalidade apontavam para uma consensualização rápida e pacífica sobre a matéria, até surgirem objeções de fundo por parte do PCP. Este Partido apresentou numerosas propostas de alteração durante a fase do debate na especialidade, de cuja discussão resultou a compressão dos poderes inicialmente previstos como conteúdo da Autonomia Insular. Daí se originou o “Contencioso Autonómico”, mantido com firmeza pelos órgãos de governo próprio democrático de ambas as Regiões Autónomas e só finalmente solucionado com a revisão constitucional de 2004.

Wildfires increase globally in frequency and extent as a consequence of climate change. These wildfires may have negative effects on insect populations.Macaronesia is a global biodiversity hotspot with wildfires occurring annually, but the consequences of these wildfires on endemic insects are poorly understood.Using bioacoustics monitoring, we studied the consequences of recent wildfires on two endemic silvicolous Macaronesian Bush‐Cricket species, which are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Our results show that wildfires had strong negative effects on populations of both species. However, when analysing the effects of fire history and size, we found that one of the species was found on older burnt sites, suggesting a capacity to recolonise smaller burnt areas from adjacent non‐burnt areas.Reducing wildfire frequency and size will be crucial to conserving the two species. Additionally, restoring native laurel forest vegetation will support the recovery of both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has the world’s second largest forest area, which makes the exploitation and use of varied species in civil construction conducive. One of the traditional uses of wood is to build roofs for different purposes. Considering that the most recurrent pathologies in the roof structures are related to the excessive deformations observed in the structural elements, particularly in those subjected to bending. This study verified the effective representativeness of the stiffness value established by the Brazilian Class wood standard, C40. Batches of eight different tropical wood species were considered, whose framing occurred in the referred Class. Results obtained from the confidence intervals for each evaluated species led to the conclusion that the value of 19500 MPa for the modulus of elasticity is not representative for Class C40 because the value observed in this study was 14467 MPa, which is 26% lower than the normative reference. This observation is an initial indication that the adoption of the value of 19500 MPa by the standard is unfavorable to the safety of the structure, justifying the pathologies observed in the service performance of the roof structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visit to gardens has known a high growth worldwide. In the case of Portugal, the island of Madeira assumes a prominent place. This paper aims to analyze the history of garden tourism on the island of Madeira, particularly the importance of gardens as identifying elements and factors of attraction of the destination, the size of demand in the three main paid gardens on the island and its evolution in the last decade, in addition to the strategies implemented and the constraints that remain. Framed in an integrative theoretical reflection of the themes, for this research statistical data from various sources and documentation were analyzed, and field work was carried out by participant observation. The demand for gardens in Madeira has increased, although not with the expressiveness that was once seen; the botanical garden, the Tropical Monte Palace and the Palheiro Ferreiro continue to assume themselves as anchor attractions, but present different trajectories. Despite the results obtained in the last decade, Madeira's garden tourism lacks a strategic and integrative vision of its multiple actors and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tourism & Regional Development / Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny is the property of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Faculty of Economic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente trabalho visa analisar a influência de parâmetros operacionais no transporte simultâneo de calor e massa durante o processo de secagem da madeira, por meio de simulação computacional. Nesse intuito, utilizou-se um modelo matemático que aborda o fenômeno como sendo intrinsecamente difusivo, sendo constituído de um sistema de equações diferenciais parciais acopladas. Sua resolução foi numericamente alcançada por meio da aplicação do método das linhas. As simulações consideraram uma placa de madeira de Pinus elliottii submetida às condições típicas de secagem em uma estufa convectiva convencional. A validação dos resultados teóricos foi realizada a partir da comparação com dados experimentais da literatura. As simulações mostram a formação de um gradiente de umidade expressivo no início do processo. Também foi observada a ocorrência da redução gradual da taxa de secagem e a significativa influência da espessura da peça na velocidade de secagem. As interferências associadas à termodifusão e ao efeito Soret mostraram-se pouco apreciáveis. A concordância das observações inferidas dos resultados teóricos com os dados experimentais sustenta que o modelo possui relativa eficiência na predição do comportamento do material quando submetido a condições operacionais específicas.

Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Urban practices section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie the challenges that the cities have to face. The present note provides an overview of the policies and initiatives undertaken in two European cities to attract and retain digital nomads and remote workers: Venice (IT) and Madeira (PT). The contribution discusses the effectiveness of such initiatives and the benefits to designing specific programs and facilities to welcome digital nomads.