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Abstract With increasing global interest in molecular hydrogen to replace fossil fuels, more attention is being paid to potential leakages of hydrogen into the atmosphere and its environmental consequences. Hydrogen is not directly a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions change the abundances of the greenhouse gases methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor, as well as aerosols. Here, we use a model ensemble of five global atmospheric chemistry models to estimate the 100-year time-horizon Global Warming Potential (GWP100) of hydrogen. We estimate a hydrogen GWP100 of 11.6 ± 2.8 (one standard deviation). The uncertainty range covers soil uptake, photochemical production of hydrogen, the lifetimes of hydrogen and methane, and the hydroxyl radical feedback on methane and hydrogen. The hydrogen-induced changes are robust across the different models. It will be important to keep hydrogen leakages at a minimum to accomplish the benefits of switching to a hydrogen economy.

Transitioning to a hydrogen economy has the potential to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. The hydrogen leakage rate and the production pathways appear, based on simulations with a global model, as key leverages to reach a clear climate benefit from a large-scale transition to a hydrogen economy.

Reduction in key air pollutants, especially particulate carbon, can help mitigate Arctic warming with associated benefits for global climate and human health, according to Earth system model simulations under future emissions scenarios.

O artigo tem como objeto investigar se nos registros oficiais sobre o desastre ambiental ocorrido em Pernambuco, em maio de 2022, em especial, nos municípios de Recife e Jaboatão dos Guararapes, está presente a ferramenta da interseccionalidade sob a ótica da justiça climática. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral verificar se há a presença de recortes interseccionais nos documentos oficiais analisados, assim como na mídia investigada. E, como objetivo específico, discutir sobre a importância da interseccionalidade na construção de dados oficiais e nas informações divulgadas pela mídia, nos casos de desastres ambientais, na composição da justiça climática para as pessoas e áreas afetadas. A pesquisa que resultou no presente artigo apresenta um estudo exploratório e descritivo, caracterizado como pesquisa bibliográfica e, com abordagem qualititativa, através de análise de dados secundários e análise de conteúdo, com base em textos jornalísticos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, não há o registro dos marcadores interseccionais, em relação às pessoas atingidas pelo desastre ambiental de maio de 2022, referente aos municípios afetados.

Objectives Dupilumab, an anti-IL-4 receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb), was recently approved for the treatment of severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The main objective of this study was to assess whether previous exposure to biological treatment affected the clinical outcomes in CRSwNP and asthma patients, treated with dupilumab over time. A collateral secondary objective was to analyse the effects over time of dupilumab in patients with and without aeroallergen sensitization.Methods Single-centre retrospective observational study on severe CRSwNP patients treated with dupilumab. Nasal polyp score (NPS), visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom score, sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22), aeroallergen sensitization, total serum IgE levels, and blood eosinophil counts were assessed at baseline and after 4, 6 and 12 months.Results 42 patients were included, 40 (95.2%) had asthma. Twenty-one (50%) patients received dupilumab without prior biological treatment (Group A: naive) and 50% switched to dupilumab from previous biological treatment (Group B: pre-treated). NPS, VAS symptoms, SNOT-22 improved significantly after 12 months treatment in both groups of patients (p

In the literature, auditory attention is explored through neural speech tracking, primarily entailing modeling and analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) responses to natural speech via linear filtering. Our study takes a novel approach, introducing an enhanced coherence estimation technique to assess the strength of neural speech tracking. This enables effective discrimination between attended and ignored speech. To mitigate the impact of colored noise in EEG, we address two biases–overall coherence-level bias and spectral peak-shifting bias. In a listening study involving 32 participants with hearing impairment, tasked with attending to competing talkers in background noise, our coherence-based method effectively discerns EEG representations of attended and ignored speech. We comprehensively analyze frequency bands, individual frequencies, and EEG channels. Frequency bands of importance are shown to be delta, theta and alpha, and the important EEG channels are the central. Lastly, we showcase coherence differences across different noise reduction settings implemented in hearing aids (HAs), underscoring our method's potential to objectively assess auditory attention and enhance HA efficacy.

Introduction Linezolid is a broadly used antibiotic to treat complicated infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid concentrations is recommended to maximise its efficacy and safety, mainly haematological toxicity. Different pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets have been proposed to improve linezolid exposure: the ratio of the area under the concentration–time curve during a 24-hour period to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 80 and 120; percentage of time that the drug concentration remains above the MIC during a dosing interval greater than 85% and the trough concentration between 2 and 7 mg/L. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy and the clinical and economic utility of personalised dosing of linezolid using Bayesian forecasting methods to attain pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets, known as model-informed precision dosing.Methods and analysis This is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised, parallel, controlled, phase IV and low intervention trial. Participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to each group (n=346 per group). Control group will receive the standard dose of linezolid. Intervention group will receive personalised dosage of linezolid based on pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic adjustments. The primary outcome will be the incidence of thrombocytopenia in both groups.Ethics and dissemination This protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Investigation with Medicines of Galicia (code 2022/140) and authorised by the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices. The trial is implemented in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the international ethical and scientific quality standard, the Good Clinical Practice. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number EudraCT registration code: 2022-000144-30.

ABSTRACT Rhomboid proteases are universally conserved and facilitate the proteolysis of peptide bonds within or adjacent to cell membranes. While eukaryotic rhomboid proteases have been demonstrated to harbor unique cellular roles, prokaryotic members have been far less characterized. For the first time, we demonstrate that Vibrio cholerae expresses two active rhomboid proteases that cleave a shared substrate at distinct sites, resulting in differential localization of the processed protein. The rhomboid protease rhombosortase (RssP) was previously found to process a novel C-terminal domain called GlyGly-CTERM, as demonstrated by its effect on the extracellular serine protease VesB during its transport through the V. cholerae cell envelope. Here, we characterize the substrate specificity of RssP and GlpG, the universally conserved bacterial rhomboid proteases. We show that RssP has distinct cleavage specificity from GlpG, and specific residues within the GlyGly-CTERM of VesB target it to RssP over GlpG, allowing for efficient proteolysis. RssP cleaves VesB within its transmembrane domain, whereas GlpG cleaves outside the membrane in a disordered loop that precedes the GlyGly-CTERM. Cleavage of VesB by RssP initially targets VesB to the bacterial cell surface and, subsequently, to outer membrane vesicles, while GlpG cleavage results in secreted, fully soluble VesB. Collectively, this work builds on the molecular understanding of rhomboid proteolysis and provides the basis for additional rhomboid substrate recognition while also demonstrating a unique role of RssP in the maturation of proteins containing a GlyGly-CTERM.IMPORTANCEDespite a great deal of insight into the eukaryotic homologs, bacterial rhomboid proteases have been relatively understudied. Our research aims to understand the function of two rhomboid proteases in Vibrio cholerae. This work is significant because it will help us better understand the catalytic mechanism of rhomboid proteases as a whole and assign a specific role to a unique subfamily whose function is to process a subset of effector molecules secreted by V. cholerae and other pathogenic bacteria.

En este trabajo se apuesta por la implementación de una metodología activa e innovadora en Educación Primaria: el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP). Se ha desarrollado una propuesta didáctica interdisciplinar centrada en la implementación de proyectos STEAM (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería, Arte y Matemáticas). En primer lugar, se presenta un marco teórico que recoge las contribuciones académicas más relevantes, realizadas por autores que son reconocidos en estos ámbitos académicos, acerca del estudio de dicha metodología, así como de su relación con las TIC. Además, se recopilan varios ejemplos de proyectos educativos que combinan estas dos dimensiones, con el objetivo de fomentar en los niños y niñas habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes beneficiosas para el mundo actual y el futuro, así como para el desarrollo integral de su personalidad, promoviendo su crecimiento intelectual, social y emocional. Finalmente, se evalúa el diseño y la implementación de algunos de estos proyectos.

BackgroundBedtime routines are amongst the most common, recurrent family activities with close associations for child health, development and wellbeing especially sleep. Despite the importance of bedtime routines, no previous study has examined them within the context of a Greek family.MethodA mixed methods, stepped approach was used in this study. A cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and characteristics of bedtime routines (PRE) in families with young children and explored associations with parental mood (POMS) and child's sleep (CSHQ). A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) examined barriers and facilitators for achieving optimal routines.ResultsTotal of 54 parents with a mean age of 35.9 (SD = 5.95) completed the cross-sectional study while 20 parents participated in the interviews. There were strong positive correlations between total scores on the POMS and total scores on the CSHQ r = 0.482, p < 0.001 and strong negative correlation between total scores on the POMS and total scores on the PRE, r = −0.308, p = 0.023. In terms of barriers and facilitators, social desirability, social comparison, environmental factors and resistance from children were amongst the most common barriers to establishing a good bedtime routine.ConclusionBedtime routines are highly prevalent in Greek families with the quality of those routines varying between households. Addressing common barriers in achieving better bedtime routines could help families benefit in the short and long-term.

Objective: To compare, from an empirical point of view, the use of focus group and photovoice as we conducted two studies on food environment in neighbourhoods with different socio-economic profiles. Method: The European project Heart Healthy Hoods studied the association between the physical and social environment of Madrid (Spain) and the cardiovascular health of its residents. Two ancillary studies were developed to further expand the study of urban health inequalities using focus group and photovoice. Both studies, similar in their objectives and study populations, are the basis for comparing both techniques. The comparison considered the following methodological aspects: study design, logistic aspects, commitment and involvement, ethical issues, and data analysis. Results: We identified differences, similarities, potentialities, and limitations of each technique with their corresponding results. We found that depending on the research objectives, one technique was more beneficial than the other. If the objective is producing new knowledge, using focus group would be the most appropriate technique, whereas if the objective includes generating social change, photovoice would be more suitable. We found that photovoice is a powerful technique in public health, especially studying social processes related to population health, requiring extra effort from researchers and a special care with the related ethical considerations. Conclusions: Increasing participants’ awareness, involving decision makers to channel proposals, the atypical role of researchers and ethical implications of photography are aspects to be considered when choosing photovoice instead of focus group. Resumen: Objetivo: Comparar empíricamente el uso del grupo focal y el fotovoz en investigación sobre el entorno alimentario en barrios con diferente perfil socioeconómico. Método: El proyecto europeo Heart Healthy Hoods estudió la asociación entre el entorno físico y social de Madrid y la salud cardiovascular de sus residentes. Dentro de él se desarrollaron dos estudios para analizar las desigualdades en salud utilizando las técnicas del grupo focal y el fotovoz. Ambos estudios, similares en sus objetivos y población diana, fueron la base para comparar las dos técnicas. Consideramos los siguientes aspectos metodológicos: diseño, aspectos logísticos, compromiso e implicación del equipo investigador y de las personas participantes, cuestiones éticas y análisis de los datos. Resultados: Identificamos diferencias, similitudes, potencialidades y limitaciones de cada técnica utilizada con sus correspondientes resultados. Dependiendo de los objetivos, una técnica sería más beneficiosa que la otra. Si el objetivo es producir nuevo conocimiento, el grupo focal sería la técnica más adecuada, mientras que, si el objetivo incluye generar cambio social, el fotovoz sería más apropiado. Consideramos el fotovoz una técnica muy provechosa para la investigación en salud pública, especialmente para estudiar procesos sociales en relación con la salud de la población, aunque requiere un esfuerzo adicional por parte del equipo investigador y de los participantes, y un cuidado especial con las consideraciones éticas. Conclusiones: Aumentar la conciencia de las personas participantes, involucrar a decisores políticos para canalizar las propuestas resultantes, el papel atípico del equipo investigador y las implicaciones éticas de la fotografía son aspectos a considerar si elegimos el fotovoz frente al grupo focal.

Eosinophil-related diseases represent a group of pathologic conditions with highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and symptoms ranging from mild to critical. Both systemic and localized forms of disease are typically treated with glucocorticoids. The approval of novel biologic therapies targeting the interleukin-5 pathway can help reduce the use of systemic glucocorticoids (SGC) in eosinophilic diseases and reduce the risk of SGC-related adverse effects (AEs). In this article, a panel of experts from different medical specialties reviewed current evidence on the use of SGC in two systemic eosinophilic diseases: Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with PolyAngiitis (EGPA) and HyperEosinophilic Syndrome (HES); and in two single-organ (respiratory) eosinophilic diseases: Chronic RhinoSinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) and Severe Asthma with Eosinophil Phenotype (SA-EP), and contrasted it with their experience in clinical practice. Using nominal group technique, they reached consensus on key aspects related to the dose and tapering of SGC as well as on the initiation of biologics as SGC-sparing agents. Early treatment with biologics could help prevent AEs associated with medium and long-term use of SGC.

Abstract Background This is a qualitative feasibility study of the Child in Context Intervention (CICI). The CICI is an individualized, goal-oriented and home-based tele-rehabilitation intervention which targets everyday functioning of children (6–16 years) with acquired brain injury in the chronic stage, and their families, one year or more after insult, who have ongoing challenges (physical, cognitive, behavioral, social and/or psychological). The aim of this study is to better understand how children, parents and teachers experienced participation and acceptability; to develop knowledge about the mechanisms of change, and to explore how the CICI was tailored to the context. Methods Six families and schools participated in the intervention, which comprised seven tele-rehabilitation sessions in which the child and parent participated, one in-person parent seminar and four digital school meetings. A multidisciplinary team delivered the intervention to 23 participants over a 4- to 5-month period. The intervention involved psychoeducation about targeted acquired brain injury-related problems, such as fatigue, pain, or social challenges. All but one consented to participate in the current digital interview study. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Results The experience of participation and acceptability varied among the children. Attendance was consistently high; the child participants felt mostly listened to and could influence goal setting and strategies. However, engaging and motivating the child participants proved somewhat challenging. The parents found the CICI rewarding, useful and relevant. However, they had different experiences regarding which intervention component they perceived as most helpful. Some argued in favor of the ‘whole intervention’, while others highlighted new knowledge, SMART goals or the school collaboration. The teachers found the intervention acceptable and useful but wanted a better meeting plan. They had difficulties in finding time for meetings, emphasized the involvement of school leaders, and appreciated the digital format. Conclusions Overall, the intervention was perceived as acceptable, and the participants felt that the various intervention components contributed to improvements. The CICI’s flexibility facilitated tailoring to different contexts based on the children’s functional level. The digital format saved time and provided flexibility regarding the amount of attendance but limited full participation from children with more severe cognitive impairments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04186182.

Abstract Background As a component of health promoting school, a school curriculum for health education was considered a fundamental. This survey aimed to identify the components of health-related topics and in which subjects were they taught. Methods Four topics were chosen: (i) hygiene, (ii) mental health, (iii) nutrition-oral Health, and (iv) environmental education related to global warming in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Before gathering the curricula from partner countries, school health specialists were gathered to discuss the appropriate components of a curriculum that required evaluation. The survey sheet was distributed to and answered by our partner in each country. Results About hygiene, individual practices or items that improve health-related were widely covered. However, items that imparted health-related education from an environmental perspective were not widely covered. About mental health, two types of country groups were identified. The first group included countries that taught mental health topics mainly as part of morals or religion; the second group included countries that imparted mental health topics mainly as part of health. The first group focused mainly on communication skills or coping methods. The second group focused not only on communication and coping skill but also on basic knowledge of mental health. About nutrition-oral education, three types of country groups were identified. One group imparted nutrition-oral education mainly in terms of health or nutrition. Another group imparted this topic mainly in terms of morals, home economics, and social science. The third group was the intermediate group. About ESD, a solid structure for this topic was not identified in any country. Many items were taught as part of science, while some were taught as part of social studies. Climate change was the most commonly taught item across all countries. The items related to environment were relatively limited compared to those related to natural disasters. Conclusions Overall, two different approaches were identified: the cultural-based approach, which promotes healthy behaviors as moral codes or community-friendly behaviors and the science-based approach, which promotes children’s health through scientific perspectives. Policymakers should initially consider the findings of this study while making decisions on which approach should be taken.

This paper presents the the main scientific and innovative results are presented, which were obtained by the talented chemist and renowned ecologist Valeriu Ropot throughout his scientific career. The results of scientific investigations are bestowed and analysed concerning the quality of the waters of the Dniester and the Prut Rivers, Dubasari reservoirs on the Dniester River, as well as the main bodies of water in the Republic of Moldova. The paper also includes the practical recommendations for reducing the negative impact on the environment, of the discharge of hundreds of thousands of tons of brine into the Dniester River as a result of the accident at the mineral fertilizer plant in the city of Stebnik, Ukraine. Moreover, the paper presents the results of studies aimed at developing methods for determining organic and inorganic pollutants in natural waters.

The compulsory educational context and school systems within the Nordic countries Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway share fundamental similarities, facilitating comparison across these countries. In this study, we describe and compare existing practices of recording, reporting, and utilizing school attendance data in four countries. In Sweden, Finland, and Norway there is a lack of national guidelines and agreements of how to record, report, and use school attendance data. Municipal autonomy has led to a variety of recording and reporting practices, which then lead to lack of comparable data and wider use of the data gathered. Denmark has a national registry of attendance data, and schools are required to report the data to municipal level. There are more specific guidelines regarding recording and reporting in Denmark compared to Sweden, Finland, and Norway. Problems with school non-attendance are well recognized in the North, but ways of recording and responding to absenteeism are still versatile. This leads to inconsistencies both within and between the countries. Due to variations of the way attendance is recorded, the quality of the national registry of data in Denmark can be questioned. A unified approach to inform research and practice to include formalized definitions of school absence in the Nordic Education Acts are suggested. It requires schools to record and report attendance data within a national register and finding a reliable way to differentiate problematic from non-problematic absenteeism.

Resilience aids nursing students in dealing with adversities during their nursing education. This study examined the relationship between nursing students’ resilience and relevant variables in the context of clinical education. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 319 undergraduate nursing students in Northeast Thailand. The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Learning Experience Scale or the Personal Responsibility Orientation to Self-Direction in Learning Scale, and the Stressors in Nursing Students scale were administered. A multiple regression analysis was performed for factors presumed to be associated with resilience. Results reported that Thai nursing students’ average resilience score was 71.79 ± 16.33. Multiple regression analysis indicated factors associated with resilience, in which social support (β = 0.354, p < 0.001, 95%CI: 0.240 to 0.469) and self-directed learning (β = 0.787, p < 0.001, 95%CI: 0.606 to 0.968) showed a positive association, while stress (β = −0.083, p = 0.025, 95%CI: −0.083 to −0.006) had a negative association. The final model accounted for 43.4% of the variance in the resilience score. In conclusion, self-directed learning, social support, and perceived stress among nursing students during clinical education are associated with their resilience.

RESUMO: Na elaboração de currículos escolares e projetos políticos pedagógicos (PPPs) é exigido que sejam evidenciados os pressupostos teóricos, os encaminhamentos metodológicos e os processos de avaliação. Todavia, nem sempre esses elementos são vistos de modo articulado, por isso, esses documentos não orientam o trabalho pedagógico. A partir dessa problemática, este artigo, com o objetivo de evidenciar a relação entre o currículo prescrito e as ações de ensino, apresenta parte de uma pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, cujos dados de campo foram coletados em um grupo de estudos do qual participaram professores envolvidos na elaboração de uma proposta curricular fundamentada no materialismo histórico-dialético, na teoria histórico-cultural e na pedagogia histórico-crítica. Os resultados apontam que a participação dos professores no processo de elaboração de currículos e de PPPs provoca neles reflexões acerca da articulação desses documentos com a prática pedagógica e gera a necessidade de compreender ações de ensino que podem ser derivadas dos fundamentos anunciados no currículo.

IntroductionGiant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis of the medium- and large-sized arteries. Interferon type I (IFN-I) is increasingly recognized as a key player in autoimmune diseases and might be involved in GCA pathogenesis, however evidence is limited. IFN-I activates Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways, leading to increased expression of interferon stimulated genes. In this study, IFN-I activity in GCA is explored, focusing on CD8+ T cells.MethodsExpression of phospho-STAT (pSTAT) 1, 3 and 5 was investigated in IFN-α-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) gated separately for CD8+ T cells of patients with GCA (n=18), healthy controls (HC, n=15) and infection controls (n=11) by Phosphoflow method combined with fluorescent cell barcoding technique. Furthermore, IFN-I induced myxovirus-resistance protein A (MxA) and CD8+ T cell expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in temporal artery biopsies (TAB) of GCA patients (n=20) and mimics (n=20), and in aorta tissue of GCA (n=8) and atherosclerosis patients (n=14).ResultspSTAT1 expression was increased in IFN-α stimulated CD8+ T cells from GCA patients, whereas no difference was observed in pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 expression. MxA was present in TABs of 13/20 GCA patients compared to 2/20 mimics and in 8/8 GCA+ compared to 13/14 GCA- aorta tissues. MxA location partially co-localized with CD8+T cells.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence for increased IFN-I activity in CD8+ T cells of GCA patients, both systemically and locally. These findings warrant further investigation regarding IFN-I induced biomarkers and IFN-I related novel therapeutic options in GCA.

In order to maintain fish life, the Council Directive of 18 July 1978 on the quality of freshwater, which must be protected or improved provides that non-ionized ammonia in salmon and cyprinid waters may be in concentrations of ≤ 0,005 mg/dm3 (indicative) and ≤ 0,025 mg/dm3 (mandatory). It presents a danger for aquatic biological diversity in concentrations from 0,03 to 2,00 mg/dm3 NH3 depending on the species and age. This conditions also are specified in Chapter II (Specific substances to be introduced into surface waters, pt. 8) of the Republic of Moldova Government Decision no. 802 of October 9, 2013. The study includes evaluation of non-ionized ammonia in the water of some portions of the Dniester and Prut river tributaries, which crosses the Central Development Region of the Republic of Moldova. In the rivers Răut (upstream of Bălți town and downstream of Varvareuca village), Ciulucul Mare, Ciulucul Mic, Camenca (Gura Camencii village) the ammonia concentration in different years (1981-2019) was low, but in the Răut river water, downstream of the Orhei town at 5OC was of 0,029-0,35 mg/dm3 and at 15OC - 0,065-0,528 mg/dm3. The calculation of the NH3 content in the water from the left tributaries of the Prut river that crosses the Central Development Region of the Republic of Moldova at a temperature of 5OC and 15OC shows high values in the water of the Gârla Mare river, Medeleni and Catranâc villages (0,394-0,818 mg/dm3), river Gârla Mică, liman (0,141-0,327 mg/dm3), Delia river, Pârlița village (0,84-1,78 mg/dm3), Nârnova river, Nisporeni town and Leușeni village (0,27-0,73 mg/dm3), Lăpusna river, Voinescu village (0,277-0,65 mg/dm3). Thus, in the water of different years (1981-2019) on many portions of the Dniester and Prut rivers tributaries, which crosses the Central Development Region of the Republic of Moldova, the concentration of ammonium (NH3 + NH4+) was high, and depending on the pH and temperature the calculated non-ionized ammonia content exceeded the value of 0,025 mg/dm3.

Abstract Background In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), histone deacetylases (HDACs) are frequently overexpressed. This results in chromatin compaction and silencing of tumor-relevant genes and microRNAs. Modulation of microRNA expression is a potential treatment option for HCC. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the epigenetically regulated miR-129-5p regarding its functional effects and target genes to understand its relevance for HCC tumorigenesis. Methods Global miRNA expression of HCC cell lines (HLE, HLF, Huh7, HepG2, Hep3B) and normal liver cell lines (THLE-2, THLE-3) was analyzed after HDAC inhibition by miRNA sequencing. An in vivo xenograft mouse model and in vitro assays were used to investigate tumor-relevant functional effects following miR-129-5p transfection of HCC cells. To validate hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) as a direct target gene of miR-129-5p, luciferase reporter assays were performed. Survival data and HDGF expression were analyzed in public HCC datasets. After siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDGF, its cancer-related functions were examined. Results HDAC inhibition induced the expression of miR-129-5p. Transfection of miR-129-5p increased the apoptosis of HCC cells, decreased proliferation, migration and ERK signaling in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Direct binding of miR-129-5p to the 3′UTR of HDGF via a noncanonical binding site was validated by luciferase reporter assays. HDGF knockdown reduced cell viability and migration and increased apoptosis in Wnt-inactive HCC cells. These in vitro results were in line with the analysis of public HCC datasets showing that HDGF overexpression correlated with a worse survival prognosis, primarily in Wnt-inactive HCCs. Conclusions This study provides detailed insights into the regulatory network of the tumor-suppressive, epigenetically regulated miR-129-5p in HCC. Our results reveal for the first time that the therapeutic application of mir-129-5p may have significant implications for the personalized treatment of patients with Wnt-inactive, advanced HCC by directly regulating HDGF. Therefore, miR-129-5p is a promising candidate for a microRNA replacement therapy to prevent HCC progression and tumor metastasis.

Abstract Background Diagnosing patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) remains difficult. Due to its non-specific symptoms, it is challenging to identify GCA in patients presenting with symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), which is a more common disease. Also, commonly used acute-phase markers CRP and ESR fail to discriminate GCA patients from PMR and (infectious) mimicry patients. Therefore, we investigated biomarkers reflecting vessel wall inflammation for their utility in the accurate diagnosis of GCA in two international cohorts. Methods Treatment-naïve GCA patients participated in the Aarhus AGP cohort (N = 52) and the Groningen GPS cohort (N = 48). The AGP and GPS biomarker levels and symptoms were compared to patients presenting phenotypically as isolated PMR, infectious mimicry controls and healthy controls (HCs). Serum/plasma levels of 12 biomarkers were measured by ELISA or Luminex. Results In both the AGP and the GPS cohort, we found that weight loss, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and higher angiopoietin-2/-1 ratios but lower matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 levels identify concomitant GCA in PMR patients. In addition, we confirmed that elevated platelet counts are characteristic of GCA but not of GCA mimicry controls and that low MMP-3 and proteinase 3 (PR3) levels may help to discriminate GCA from infections. Conclusion This study, performed in two independent international cohorts, consistently shows the potential of angiopoietin-2/-1 ratios and MMP-3 levels to identify GCA in patients presenting with PMR. These biomarkers may be used to select which PMR patients require further diagnostic workup. Platelet counts may be used to discriminate GCA from GCA look-alike patients.

Abstract Background Persons with dementia living in nursing homes need assistance with moving and transfers; however, caregivers assisting persons with dementia in their daily person transfers report strain-related and complicated transfer-related behavioural problems. The reciprocity of complex dyadic transfer-related behaviours is affected by environmental factors, the health status of the person with dementia and the caregiver’s skills and knowledge. The aim of this study was to explore tailored interventions guided by a functional behaviour analysis for problematic person transfer situations in two dementia care dyads. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental single-case study with an A-B design. Tailored interventions were developed in a five-step model for functional behavioural analysis. The study was conducted in a dementia special care unit at a nursing home, and the inclusion criteria were caregivers’ experiences of physical strain and/or resistiveness to care, which led to complex transfer-related behaviour. Two care dyads were included. Transfer situations were video-recorded and evaluated with the Dyadic Interaction in Dementia Transfer Assessment Scale, Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale, and Resistiveness to Care Scale for Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type. The caregiver experience was evaluated with study-specific items addressing caregiver self-efficacy, catastrophizing thoughts, perceived control, and perceived physical strain. Scorings were graphically displayed. The graphs were inspected visually to identify changes in trend, level, latency, and variability. Nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP), including 90% confidence intervals (CIs), was calculated to complement the visual inspection. Results Verbal and nonverbal discomfort decreased in care dyad 1, which mirrored the caregiver changes in adapting their actions to the needs of the person with dementia. High variability was seen in both the intervention and the baseline phases in care dyad 2. In both care dyads, caregiver transfer-related behaviour improved. Conclusions The results indicate that the transfer-related behaviours of the care dyad might be improved through a behaviour-directed intervention tailored to meet the care dyad´s needs. The small number of cases and observations limits the generalizability, and the results should be interpreted in consideration of the piloting approach of the study.

Abstract Background Pediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) is associated with long-term cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional problems, which may affect the quality of life, school, and family functioning. Yet, there is a lack of evidence-based community-centered rehabilitation programs for chronic pABI and these children do not systematically receive comprehensive rehabilitation. The Child In Context Intervention (CICI) study is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) for children with chronic pABI, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized and goal-oriented intervention targeting everyday functioning of the child and family. Methods Children aged 6–16 years with MRI/CT-verified intracranial abnormalities will be included in the CICI study if they have persistent self- or parent-reported cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral challenges 1 year or more after insult and attend school regularly. A total of 70 families will be randomized 1:1 to an intervention or a control group. The intervention consists of seven family sessions, one parent seminar, and four school sessions delivered over approximately 6 months. The parent seminar will be held in person, and the other sessions will mainly be video based. The children’s and families’ self-reported major challenges in everyday life will be targeted using SMART goals. Evidence-based strategies, when available, will be applied to achieve the goals, combined with psychoeducation. Goal attainment scaling (GAS) will be used to evaluate goal attainment. Data is collected at baseline and after approximately 6 and 9 months. External assessors are blinded to group allocation. Primary outcomes are parent-reported brain injury symptoms in children and parenting self-efficacy at 9 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes include child-reported brain injury symptoms, quality of life, executive functioning in daily life, parent emotional symptoms, family functioning, and unmet family health care needs. A process evaluation will be conducted. Discussion The current study provides an innovative approach to rehabilitation for children in the chronic phase of ABI and their families. This complex intervention may contribute to the development of evidence-based, high-quality rehabilitation for a large patient group, which is underrepresented in clinical research. It may also improve collaboration between specialized rehabilitation facilities, schools, and local health care services. Inclusion for the trial started in April 2021. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04798859 . Registered on March 15, 2021

Introduction. Mortality due to HIV/AIDS in Mexico is 3.62 per 100,000 inhabitants. Most research on ART adherence in the Mexican population has considered only people with HIV/AIDS living in Mexico City. Due to the different social characteristics (e.g. conservatism) in other states of the Mexican Republic, it is to be expected that there are different factors related to ART adherence. Objective. To analyze the association of individual characteristics, health care institutions, and antiretroviral treatment with adherence in people with HIV residing in Chihuahua. Results. The sample population (n=211) had a mean age of 37.6 years (±10.3 SD), with a minimum of 18 years and a maximum of 67 years. The first multivariate analysis showed that the younger the age, the greater the risk of nonadherence. The second multivariate analysis showed the same pattern according to the age of the participants; in addition, those who noted increased body fat had a higher risk of nonadherence to ART. Conclusion. Health professionals treating people living with HIV should pay special attention to young people and those with increased body fat to reduce the risk of low adherence.

Objective: This study aims to describe the accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco around secondary schools in Madrid and its distribution in relation with area-level socioeconomic deprivation; analyze the relationship between this exposure and individual consumption characteristics of students between 14 and 18 years old; and explore other facilitators of this consumption. Method: Mixed-methods study conducted in three phases: 1) we collected data on accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco in the environment using systematic social observation around 55 secondary schools; 2) we administered 2287 questionnaires among the students in these centers to gather information about characteristics and determinants of consumption; and 3) we conducted 20 semi-structured interviews and one discussion group to deepen in the results obtained in surveys and systematic social observation. We will use Geographic Information Systems to integrate and analyze the data from a spatial perspective. Resumen: Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir la accesibilidad y la promoción de alcohol y tabaco alrededor de los centros de enseñanza secundaria en Madrid y su distribución en relación con la privación socioeconómica del área; analizar la relación entre esta exposición y las características individuales de consumo en estudiantes de entre 14 y 18 años; y explorar otros facilitadores del consumo. Método: Estudio de métodos mixtos en tres fases: 1) recogimos datos sobre accesibilidad y promoción de estas sustancias en el entorno mediante observación social sistemática alrededor de 55 centros de secundaria; 2) administramos 2287 cuestionarios a estudiantes de estos centros sobre características y determinantes de consumo; y 3) realizamos 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo de discusión en estos centros para profundizar en los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas y la observación social sistemática. Utilizaremos Sistemas de Información Geográfica para integrar y analizar los datos desde una perspectiva espacial.

This sequential mixed-methods study aims to: 1) assess spatial and temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors by socioeconomic position from 2001 to 2020 in Spain; 2) explore public health professionals’ perspectives regarding interventions that might have impacted these inequities; and 3) analyze determinants on social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors. First, we will measure the change in absolute and relative social inequities in eight cardiovascular risk factors through time trend analysis using repeated cross-sectional data from both National and European Health Surveys for Spain from 2001 to 2020. Second, we will interview key informants —both at the regional and national level—, to contextualize data obtained in phase 1 and capture the content and variation of policies across regions. Third, we will use econometric methods to analyze how these identified interventions have impacted these social inequities within and across regions. Resumen: Este estudio tiene por objetivos: 1) evaluar las tendencias espacio-temporales de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en España, por posición socioeconómica, entre 2001 y 2020; 2) explorar las perspectivas de profesionales salubristas con respecto a las intervenciones que pueden influir en estas inequidades; 3) analizar los determinantes de las inequidades sociales en los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Primero se medirá el cambio en las desigualdades, en términos absolutos y relativos, según ocho factores de riesgo mediante un análisis de tendencias temporales y datos de las encuestas nacionales y europeas de salud para España entre 2001 y 2020. Después se entrevistará a informantes clave, en los ámbitos de comunidad autónoma y nacional, para contextualizar los datos obtenidos en la primera fase y explorar la variabilidad entre comunidades autónomas. Por último, se analizará mediante métodos econométricos cómo influyen dichas intervenciones en las desigualdades sociales entre comunidades autónomas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care. Method: Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis. Results: The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered “totally agree” for the items presented. Conclusion: The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.

El presente trabajo surge ante la necesidad de buscar estrategias metodológicas que potencien un aprendizaje activo y motivador en el alumnado cuando este no muestra un interés receptivo con las tradicionales clases magistrales. De esta manera, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo basilar la implementación de una experiencia de aula en un centro escolar empleando la gamificación como metodología que centra el juego en contextos no lúdicos. Se expone una revisión teórica y se presentan los elementos esenciales para gamificar un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se diseña y describe una propuesta didáctica llevada a cabo en el área de Ciencias de la Naturaleza con discentes de segundo de Educación Primaria. Finalmente, se incluyen un conjunto de reflexiones acerca de la influencia de esta estrategia metodológica en la implicación y motivación del alumnado así como de las limitaciones encontradas en el momento de llevarse a la práctica.

Objectives Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are overlapping autoinflammatory diseases affecting people over 50 years. The diseases are treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisolone, methotrexate, leflunomide and tocilizumab. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in these diseases (based on humoral and cellular immunity).Methods Patients (n=45 GCA, n=33 PMR) visited the outpatient clinic twice: pre-vaccination and 4 weeks after the second dose (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccine). Patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were excluded. In both pre-vaccination and post-vaccination samples, anti-Spike antibody concentrations were assessed and compared with age-, sex- and vaccine-matched control groups (n=98). In addition, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific T-cells was assessed by IFN-γ ELIspot assay, and side effects and disease activity were recorded.Results GCA/PMR patients did not have reduced antibody concentrations compared with controls. However, linear regression analysis revealed a significant association of methotrexate and >10 mg/day prednisolone use with lower antibody concentrations in GCA/PMR patients. Evidence of cellular immunity, as assessed by ELIspot assay, was found in 67% of GCA/PMR patients. Patients using >10 mg/day prednisolone had reduced cellular immunity. Importantly, vaccination did not lead to significant side effects or changes in disease activity.Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was safe for GCA/PMR patients and immunogenicity was comparable to other older individuals. However, patients using methotrexate and particularly >10 mg/day prednisolone did show lower vaccine responses, which corroborates findings in other autoinflammatory patient populations. These patients may therefore be at higher risk of (potentially even severe) breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BackgroundThe Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a healthy diet with a potential to lower the incidence of several types of cancer, but there is no data regarding thyroid cancer (TC). We investigated the association between MD adherence, and its components, and the differentiated TC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.MethodsOver 450,000 men and women from nine European countries were followed up for a mean of 14.1 years, during which 712 differentiated TC cases were identified. Adherence to MD was estimated using the relative MD (rMED) score, an 18-point scale including alcohol, and the adapted rMED (arMED) score, a 16-point scale excluding alcohol. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsAdherence to the arMED score was not associated with the risk of differentiated TC (HRhigh vs. low adherence = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.25; p-trend 0.27), while a suggestive, but non-statistically significant inverse relationship was observed with rMED (HRhigh vs. low adherence = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68–1.14; p-trend 0.17). Low meat (HRlow vs. high meat intake = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.99; p-trend = 0.04) and moderate alcohol (HRmoderate vs. non−moderate intake = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75–1.03) intake were related with lower differentiated TC risk.ConclusionsOur study shows that a high adherence to MD is not strongly related to differentiated TC risk, although further research is required to confirm the impact of MD and, especially, meat intake in TC risk.

BackgroundAlthough polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a very common rheumatic inflammatory disease, current insight into the pathobiology of PMR is limited and largely based on studies in blood. We investigated T helper 1 (TH1) and T helper 17 (TH17) cell responses in blood, synovial fluid and bursa tissue of patients with PMR.Materials and methodsBlood samples were collected from 18 patients with new-onset PMR and 32 healthy controls. Synovial fluid was aspirated from the inflamed shoulder bursae or biceps tendon sheath of 13 patients. Ultrasound-guided biopsies of the subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursa were obtained from 11 patients. T cells were examined by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsBesides an increase of TH17 (CD4+IL-17+IFN-γ-) cells and T cytotoxic 17 (TC17; CD8+IL-17+IFN-γ-) cells, no other major changes were noted in the circulating T cell compartment of patients with PMR. Absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were similar in blood and synovial fluid of patients with PMR. Synovial fluid T cells showed an effector-memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) phenotype. Percentages of TH1 (CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17-) cells and TH1/TH17 (CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17+) cells, but not TH17 or TC17 cells, were increased in the synovial fluid. Bursa tissue biopsies contained a small number of T cells, which were mostly CD8 negative. The majority of bursa tissue T cells produced IFN-γ but not IL-17. For comparison, B cells were scarcely detected in the bursa tissue.ConclusionAlthough the circulating TH17 cell pool is expanded in patients with PMR, our findings indicate that TH1 cells are involved in the inflammation of bursae and tendon sheaths in this condition. Our study points towards the TH1 cell pathway as a potential target for therapy in PMR.

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) proporcionan un acceso constante e inmediato a una amplia gama de información y recursos. Los/as adolescentes, habitualmente considerados/as nativos/as digitales, utilizan los medios tecnológicos y los espacios virtuales para explorar su dimensión sexuada accediendo a contenidos pornográficos. La revisión bibliográfica que se presenta en este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: evaluar el consumo de pornografía entre los adolescentes españoles y analizar las variables asociadas desde una perspectiva de género El estudio consiste en una revisión sistemática de trabajos sobre adolescentes españoles publicados entre 2016 y 2020. Los resultados muestran que acceden a contenidos pornográficos por primera vez alrededor de los 12 años, y que el consumo de pornografía se consolida durante la adolescencia, especialmente en el caso de los varones, que son los principales consumidores. También muestran que la pornografía es una fuente de información para muchos adolescentes que no reciben suficiente educación sexual ni en casa ni en la escuela. El consumo de pornografía durante la adolescencia está asociado a una serie de consecuencias, como el sexismo, la violencia y el consumo de sustancias, y puede conducir a una visión distorsionada de la sexualidad. La situación que revelan estos resultados pone de manifiesto la necesidad de apoyar la educación sexual en la familia y en la escuela para dotar a los jóvenes de las herramientas necesarias para disfrutar de su sexualidad de forma plena y responsable.

This study used structural equation modelling to test how political orientations (self-reported placement on socially liberal-conservative and economically left-right continuums) could be predicted from basic worldviews (a generally humanistic vs. normativistic orientation) and basic personal values (concepts pertaining to desirable end states or behaviors) in conjunction with core political values (normative principles about functioning of society) in a population sample from Sweden. In general, political orientation was much more strongly predicted by social-focus values (conservation and self-transcendence), and only weakly predicted by personal-focus values (self-enhancement and openness to change). The results also showed that basic personal values in conjunction with core political values mediated the relationship between basic worldviews and political orientation.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are two interrelated inflammatory diseases affecting patients above 50 years of age. Patients with GCA suffer from granulomatous inflammation of medium- to large-sized arteries. This inflammation can lead to severe ischemic complications (e.g., irreversible vision loss and stroke) and aneurysm-related complications (such as aortic dissection). On the other hand, patients suffering from PMR present with proximal stiffness and pain due to inflammation of the shoulder and pelvic girdles. PMR is observed in 40–60% of patients with GCA, while up to 21% of patients suffering from PMR are also affected by GCA. Due to the risk of ischemic complications, GCA has to be promptly treated upon clinical suspicion. The treatment of both GCA and PMR still heavily relies on glucocorticoids (GCs), although novel targeted therapies are emerging. Imaging has a central position in the diagnosis of GCA and PMR. While [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has proven to be a valuable tool for diagnosis of GCA and PMR, it possesses major drawbacks such as unspecific uptake in cells with high glucose metabolism, high background activity in several non-target organs and a decrease of diagnostic accuracy already after a short course of GC treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of GCA and, to some extent, PMR has advanced. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cellular heterogeneity in the immunopathology of GCA/PMR and discuss how recent advances in specific tissue infiltrating leukocyte and stromal cell profiles may be exploited as a source of novel targets for imaging. Finally, we discuss prospective novel PET radiotracers that may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring in GCA and PMR.

Polymer flooding is one of the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods that increase the macroscopic efficiency of the flooding process and enhanced crude oil recovery. In this study, the effect of silica nanoparticles (NP-SiO2) in xanthan gum (XG) solutions was investigated through the analysis of efficiency in core flooding tests. First, the viscosity profiles of two polymer solutions, XG biopolymer and synthetic hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer, were characterized individually through rheological measurements, with and without salt (NaCl). Both polymer solutions were found suitable for oil recovery at limited temperatures and salinities. Then, nanofluids composed of XG and dispersed NP-SiO2 were studied through rheological tests. The addition of nanoparticles was shown to produce a slight effect on the viscosity of the fluids, which was more remarkable over time. Interfacial tension tests were measured in water-mineral oil systems, without finding an effect on the interfacial properties with the addition of polymer or nanoparticles in the aqueous phase. Finally, three core flooding experiments were conducted using sandstone core plugs and mineral oil. The polymers solutions (XG and HPAM) with 3% NaCl recovered 6.6% and 7.5% of the residual oil from the core, respectively. In contrast, the nanofluid formulation recovered about 13% of the residual oil, which was almost double that of the original XG solution. The nanofluid was therefore more effective at boosting oil recovery in the sandstone core.

In this study, two different sample preparation methods to synthesize activated carbon from pine wood were compared. The pine wood activated carbon was prepared by mixing ZnCl2 by physical mixing, i.e., “dry mixing” and impregnation, i.e., “wet mixing” before high temperature carbonization. The influence of these methods on the physicochemical properties of activated carbons was examined. The activated carbon was analyzed using nitrogen sorption (surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution), XPS, density, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Physical mixing led to a slightly higher density carbon (1.83 g/cm3) than wet impregnation (1.78 g/cm3). Raman spectroscopy analysis also showed that impregnation led to activated carbon with a much higher degree of defects than physical mixing, i.e., ID/IG = 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. The wet impregnated samples also had better overall textural properties. For example, for samples activated with 1:1 ratio, the total pore volume was 0.664 vs. 0.637 cm3/g and the surface area was 1191 vs. 1263 m2/g for dry and wet mixed samples, respectively. In the electrochemical application, specifically in supercapacitors, impregnated samples showed a much better capacitance at low current densities, i.e., 247 vs. 146 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g. However, the physically mixed samples were more stable after 5000 cycles: 97.8% versus 94.4% capacitance retention for the wet impregnated samples.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mepolizumab in patients affected by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in real-life. A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted on severe CRSwNP patients treated with mepolizumab. Nasal endoscopic polyp score (NPS), visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom score, sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22), asthma control test (ACT) score, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophils blood cells and prednisone intake were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. A total of 55 patients were included; 49 patients (89%) presented with asthma; aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) in 28 patients (51%). A statistically significant decrease in the SNOT-22 score was observed (median difference −63; 95% CI: −68; −58; p < 0.001) with median t0 76 and IQR (61;90) to t6 10 (5;15). A reduction in NPS, median t0 NPS 4; (IQR:4;6), median t6 NPS 1; (IQR:0;1) p < 0.001, was greater in patients with AERD. The median baseline VAS score was 6 (IQR:6;7) and the differences between t0 and t6 were statistically significant p < 0.001. Significant changes in blood eosinophils cells, median t0 500 cell/mcl (IQR:340;830), median t6 97 cell/mcl (IQR:60;160) p < 0.001, were greater in patients with AERD. Mepolizumab treatment effects have been demonstrated with significantly reduced symptoms, polyp scores, blood eosinophils and systemic corticosteroid use, resulting in an increased health-related quality of life in patients with severe CRSwNP, regardless of the presence or absence of asthma or AERD.

Objetivo: compreender a repercussão das práticas educativas desenvolvidas por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária em Saúde para promoção da saúde e prevenção de novos casos de HIV. Método: estudo qualitativo realizados com 11 enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde que atendem Pessoas Vivendo com HIV. Dados coletados de setembro a outubro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para tratamento e análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ, cujo conteúdo foi submetido à análise de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias temáticas: conhecimento, atitude e prática preventiva em saúde relacionadas ao HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde e obstáculos para execução das medidas preventivas na Atenção Primária em Saúde. Conclusão: as práticas preventivas para o controle do HIV na Atenção Primária mostraram-se atreladas a necessidade de intensificar a sensibilização dos profissionais, o que possivelmente pode repercutir no maior envolvimento profissional, mudanças de rotina, readaptação no fluxo de trabalho e melhor efetividade das atividades e ações ofertadas aos usuários. ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the impact of educational practices applied by Primary Health Care nurses for health promotion and prevention of new cases of HIV. Method: in this qualitative study, with 11 Primary Health Care nurses providing care to people living with HIV, data were collected from September to October 2020 in semi-structured interviews. The data were treated and analyzed using IRAMUTEQ software, and the interview content underwent Bardin analysis. Results: two thematic categories emerged: HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and preventive health practices in Primary Health Care; and obstacles to implementing preventive measures in Primary Health Care. Conclusion: preventive Primary Care practices for controlling HIV were found to be connected with a need to intensify health personnel’s awareness, which can possibly result in greater professional involvement, changes in routine, adaptation of workflows, and more effective activities and actions offered to users. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender el impacto de las prácticas educativas desarrolladas por enfermeros de Atención Primaria de Salud para la promoción de la salud y prevención de nuevos casos de VIH. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado junto a 11 enfermeros de Atención Primaria de Salud que atienden a Personas Viviendo con VIH. Datos recopilados de septiembre a octubre de 2020, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el tratamiento y el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ y su contenido fue sometido al análisis de Bardin. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías temáticas: conocimiento, actitud y práctica preventiva en salud, relacionada con el VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud y; obstáculos para la implementación de medidas preventivas en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusión: las prácticas preventivas para el control del VIH en la Atención Primaria demostraron que están vinculadas a la necesidad de intensificar la concienciación de los profesionales, lo que posiblemente puede redundar en una mayor implicación profesional, cambios en la rutina, readaptación en el flujo de trabajo y una mejor efectividad de las actividades y acciones que se ofrecen a los usuarios.

Silicon nanophotonics has become a versatile platform for optics and optoelectronics. For example, strong light localization at the nanoscale and lack of parasitic losses in infrared and visible spectral ranges make resonant silicon nanoparticles a prospect for improvement in such rapidly developing fields as photovoltaics. Here, we employed optically resonant silicon nanoparticles produced by laser ablation for boosting the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Namely, we created colloidal solutions of spherical nanoparticles with a range of diameters (80–240 nm) in different solvents. We tested how the nanoparticles’ position in the device, their concentration, silicon doping, and method of deposition affected the final device efficiency. The best conditions optimization resulted in an efficiency improvement from 6% up to 7.5%, which correlated with numerical simulations of nanoparticles’ optical properties. The developed low-cost approach paves the way toward highly efficient and stable solution-processable solar cells.