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2. Influence of Guluronic and Mannuronic Groups in Sodium Alginate Blends with Silk Fibroin: Phase Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Modeling

Author

Laise Maia Lopes, Mariana Agostini de Moraes, and Marisa Masumi Beppu

Subjects
Polymers and polymer manufacture, TP1080-1185
Abstract

Silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) are natural polymers with interesting properties to produce biomaterials. Blends of these polymers form a complex protein–polysaccharide system where phase separation can be observed. Therefore, the thermodynamic analysis of this system is important to understand the interaction between the polymers and predict the final state and composition of the phases found in these blends. This study explored blends with a different initial composition of SF, SA, and water at 25°C and neutral pH. The influence of the proportion between mannuronic and guluronic acids on SA composition was investigated. After phase separation, two phases were identified, and the equilibrium data were fitted on three different thermodynamic models: Flory–Huggins, non-random two-liquids, and universal quasichemical. Cohn equation was also used to investigate the potential of SA to precipitate the SF in solution. The results show that the proportion of mannuronic and guluronic acids on the SA can significantly influence on equilibrium data and on the SF/SA interaction parameter, hence, becoming a variability factor if this parameter is not under control in formulations.

Published
2023
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6. List of contributors

Author

Ahmed S. Abo Dena, Urba Afnan, Shirin Ahmadi, Fahad Akhtar, Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Nafiu Aminu, Siti Nor Syairah Anis, Sadiya Anjum, Md Aquib, Akmal M. Asrorov, Evren Atlihan-Gundogdu, Momoh Mumuni Audu, Abul Kalam Azad, Douglas Barbieri, Shrinath Bhat, Tanima Bhattacharya, Sabeerabi Bonala, Amir Bzainia, Liew Wen Ching, Mário Rui P.F.N. Costa, Pooja Da Bidla, Classius Ferreira da Silva, Raquel de Melo Barbosa, Mariana Agostini de Moraes, Rolando C.S. Dias, Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny, Shohreh Fahimirad, Mohammad Fahimizadeh, Muhammad Asim Farooq, Marziyeh Fathi, Jiaur R. Gayen, Catarina P. Gomes, Shagufta Haque, Najmul Hasan, Md Saquib Hasnain, Athar Husain, Rashid Ilmi, Purnima Jain, Sanjay K. Jain, Abhishek Jha, Mohamed Fawzy Kabil, Merve Karpuz, Nozieana Khairuddin, Amari Mohamed Khamis, Sidra Khatoon, Manish Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Mahaveer D. Kurkuri, Perpetua Takunda Kutoka, Jaya Lakkakula, Nurul Asmak Mohd Lazim, Karla Martinez-Robinson, Brahmeshwar Mishra, Anwesha Mohapatra, Aishah binti Mohd Marsin, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Akhil Nair, Amit Kumar Nayak, Peter M. Ndangili, Naumih M. Noah, Yadollah Omidi, Emre Ozgenc, Pritish Kumar Panda, Poonam Parashar, Kamla Pathak, Chitta Ranjan Patra, Norhayati Pa’e, Sarjana Raikwar, Aravind Kumar Rengan, Mohammad Irshad Reza, Sri Amruthaa Sankaranarayanan, Shivani Saraf, Anjana Sarkar, Rakesh Sehgal, Suguna Selvakumaran, Zeynep Senyigit, Patricia Severino, Bhasha Sharma, Kashma Sharma, Shreya Sharma, Shashank Shekhar, Saeed Shojaee, Pragati Singh, Muhammad Sohail, Eliana B. Souto, Anees Ahmed Syed, Joash Ban Lee Tan, Garima Tripathi, U.T. Uthappa, Amit Verma, Nilesh S. Wagh, Dickson Pius Wande, Bo Wang, and Li Wen Wong

Published
2023
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8. Starch as a Matrix for Incorporation and Release of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals and Applications

Author

Lucas de Souza Falcão, Deborah Bento Coelho, Priscilla Carvalho Veggi, Pedro Henrique Campelo, Patrícia Melchionna Albuquerque, and Mariana Agostini de Moraes

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, General Chemistry
Abstract

Due to its abundance in nature and low cost, starch is one of the most relevant raw materials for replacing synthetic polymers in a number of applications. It is generally regarded as non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable and, therefore, a safe option for biomedical, food, and packaging applications. In this review, we focused on studies that report the use of starch as a matrix for stabilization, incorporation, or release of bioactive compounds, and explore a wide range of applications of starch-based materials. One of the key application areas for bioactive compounds incorporated in starch matrices is the pharmaceutical industry, especially in orally disintegrating films. The packaging industry has also shown great interest in using starch films, especially those with antioxidant activity. Regarding food technology, starch can be used as a stabilizer in nanoemulsions, thus allowing the incorporation of bioactive compounds in a variety of food types. Starch also presents potential in the cosmetic industry as a delivery system. However, there are still several types of industry that could benefit from the incorporation of starch matrices with bioactive compounds, which are described in this review. In addition, the use of microbial bioactive compounds in starch matrices represents an almost unexplored field still to be investigated.

Published
2022
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