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Introduction: In the past decades, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have sparked interest in cellular therapy due to their immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, the fate of hUC-MSCs in the body remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the biodistribution, homing and clearance of systemically administered hUC-MSCs in healthy BALB/c mice model. Methods: hUC-MSCs were labelled with GFP-Luc2 protein, followed by characterisation with flow cytometry. Upon intravenous infusion of transduced hUC-MSCs into the healthy BALB/c mice, the cells were dynamically monitored through the bioluminescent imaging (BLI) approach. Results: Transduction of hUC-MSCs with GFP-Luc2 not only preserved the characteristics of MSCs, but also allowed live monitoring of transduced cells in the mice model. Upon systemic administration, BLI showed that transduced hUC-MSCs first localised predominantly in the lungs of healthy BALB/c mice and mainly remained in the lungs for up to 3 days before eventually cleared from the body. At terminal sacrifice, plasma chemistry biomarkers remained unchanged except for C-peptide levels, which were significantly reduced in the hUC-MSCs group. Histopathological findings further revealed that hUC-MSCs infusion did not cause any adverse effects and toxicity to lung, liver and heart tissues. Conclusions: Collectively, systemically administrated hUC-MSCs was safe and demonstrated dynamic homing capacity before eventually disappearing from the body.

This research aims to develop a training model for basic hammer throwing techniques at the age of 13-15 years and determine the effectiveness of the training model that has been developed. The problem that is the basis for conducting this research is that several literatures have not found a hammer throwing training model for 13-15 year olds in DKI Jakarta Province using an e-book basis. The method used in this research is Borg and Gall research and development through 10 development steps. Participants involved in the small group test were 15 athletes in DKI Jakarta Province and in the large group test 32 athletes. Then the participants involved in testing the effectiveness of the model were 32 athletes who were divided into 2, namely 16 athletes in the control group and 16 athletes in the experimental group. Based on the results of the N-Gain Score (%) test calculation, it shows that the average value of the N-Gain Score for the experimental group is 81.4321 or 81.43%, which is included in the effective category. Meanwhile, the average N-Gain Score for the control group was 34.88 or 34.88%, which was included in the Ineffective category. From the results of these calculations it can be seen that the use of the training model in the experimental group was effective in improving basic hammer throwing technique skills.

Study this intended to analyze and describe productive zakat management to the well-being of Mustahik at Baznaz Gorontalo Regency. Problem-related to well-being Mustahik is interesting for research because Welfare is a condition that is the hope of every citizen. However, not all citizens quickly get Welfare, especially Mustahik. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis and data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results from the survey are organizing zakat BAZNAS Gorontalo Regency, namely by forming sub-sectors to support operational running management zakat, namely the zakat collection unit (UPZ), which is responsible for collecting zakat from muzak and implementing it as in the distribution and utilization of productive zakat in management, namely the distribution is uneven because the people in Gorontalo Regency have different economic conditions. Novelty in this research is that we found Supervision in the direction of zakat is carried out by forming an internal audit unit to oversee the work system implemented by each implementing area.

Pengadaan tanah skala besar Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) membawa pengaruh terhadap aspek fisik, lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi maupun budaya. Kajian ini bertujuan melakukan pemetaan perubahan penggunaan lahan yang terjadi akibat pembangunan bandara YIA. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara spasial, penggunaan lahan diperoleh melalui interpretasi citra melalui pendekatan NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Data yang digunakan untuk monitoring pola perubahan penggunaan lahan ialah citra satelit Sentinel-2 Tahun 2015 dan 2019. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Temon, Pengasih, dan Wates, perubahan tertinggi terjadi pada kebun campur hingga mencapai luasan 910 Ha, sementara perubahan lahan sawah mencapai 289,44 Ha. Tingginya alih fungsi lahan pertanian ini dapat berimplikasi terhadap transformasi matapencaharian penduduk yang sebelumnya menggantungkan hidup pada sektor agraris. Monitoring perubahan penggunaan lahan yang dilakukan berkala harapannya menjadi dasar dalam melakukan pengendalian pertanahan dan pemanfaatan ruang.

The purpose of the article related to public involvement in budget disclosure, known as participatory budgeting, shows more in terms of the opportunities and challenges faced by a decentralized country, where actors in it participate in making decisions through budgeting formulation. This issue is focused on budget transparency not only to encourage public involvement, but public involvement is very necessary for budget transparency. However, this public engagement has its challenges and benefits. This analysis is carried out through literature studies, journals, and related publications. The data were collected through SCOPUS a qualitative. This study concludes that there are several challenges that need to be considered in implementing public involvement in budgeting. Overly complex budgets and inadequate knowledge make this public disinterest a challenge. A conflict occurs when many groups with different interests take part in it. Public involvement is supported because it can increase tax revenue collection and satisfaction in public services and other benefits for social welfare. The results of this analysis will show several challenges and opportunities that use public involvement to be successful in budget formulation so that reforms in the budget can be carried out and can be used as a model for other regions and can become a system of reform in budgeting.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that can remove viral-infected tumour cells without antigen priming. This characteristic offers NK cells an edge over other immune cells as a potential therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we report how cytotoxicity was evaluated in target NPC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells with effector NK-92, a commercially available NK cell line, by using xCELLigence RTCA system (a real-time, label-free impedance-based monitoring platform). Cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity were examined by RTCA. Cell morphology, growth and cytotoxicity were also monitored by microscopy. RTCA and microscopy showed that both target and effector cells were able to proliferate normally and to maintain original morphology in co-culture medium as they were in their own respective culture medium. As target and effector (T:E) cell ratios increased, cell viability as measured by arbitrary cell index (CI) values in RTCA decreased in all cell lines and PDX cells. NPC PDX cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxicity effect of NK-92 cells, than the NPC cell lines. These data were substantiated by GFP-based microscopy. We have shown how the RTCA system can be used for a high throughput screening of the effects of NK cells in cancer studies to obtain data such as cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity.

Non-linear excitation microscopy offers superior in-vivo imaging but faces challenges in deep tissue. High numerical aperture beams suffer spherical aberrations, while tissue scattering impacts image quality. To address this, we propose implantable microlenses for precise focusing below the skin in lab animals. By using low numerical aperture lasers, we avoid spherical aberrations induced by high NA objectives. Our study presents various microlens designs differing in size, shape, and fabrication methods, all on glass or organo-hybrid ceramic substrates. This approach shows promise for enhancing deep tissue imaging, facilitating better understanding of biological processes in vivo.

Energy consumption in large building complexes has a specific profile, consisting of thermal energy and electricity. Due to the recent energy crises, operational costs of these needs have been significantly increased. According to EU Energies Policies, the future objective is the transition to renewable-based energy, and self-sufficient and nearly zero buildings. This paper investigates the electricity consumption profile of a specific hotel located in Crete. An algorithm has been introduced to maximize the self-sufficiency of the examined hotel. The algorithm succeeds in increasing the self-sufficiency of the hotel’s energy system up to 99% by determining the PV power and battery capacity.

Tersedianya Layanan SPAB (Sarana Penyedia Air Bersih) merupakan salah satu usaha yang dimiliki oleh BUMDes di desa - desa. Pada layanan SPAB ini masih dihadapkan pada beberapa permasalahan yang cukup kompleks dan masih belum diatasi sepenuhnya. Terutama dalam info tentang layanan air bersih, kendalanya karena kurangnya sosialisai pelayanan tersebut. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan memberikan informasi tentang Sistem informasi Layanan SPAB( sarana Penyedia Air Bersih) berbasis Web. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka dibutuhkan pembaruan sistem yang terintegrasi database agar proses pencatatan seperti data pelanggan, dan data pengguna lebih efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan System Developmet Life Cycle (SDLC) dan model penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Rapid Application Development (RAD) serta alat bantu analisa dan desain sistem menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML) dan menggunakan Basis Data. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah meningkatkan tagihan pelanggan bisa dilakukan petugas dengan efisien demi meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap pelanggan dan memudahkan pelanggan dalam memperoleh informasi tagihan SPAB (Sarana Penyedia Air Bersih) bagi masyarakat. Dengan adanya Pengembangan Sistem Layanan SPAB (Sarana Penyedia Air Bersih) berbasis Web maka proses pendaftaran hingga pengaduan pelanggan dapat dilakukan dengan efektif karena dilakukan secara online dan pelanggan pun bisa melihat informasi tagihannya di website. Dengan adanya sistem ini dapat mempermudah pelanggan dalam melakukan proses sehingga proses pelayanan jasa lebih mudah dan fleksibel dari segi waktu dan tempat.

Pasar terapung yang melegenda dan memiliki keindahan-keindahan alam yang eksotis, asri dan alami, seolah menjadikan sungai sebagai warisan budaya masyarakat dalam mencari makna hidup. Pasar tradisional yang mungkin satu-satunya di Indonesia ini menjadi salah satu tempat wisata andalan di kawasan Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mencari fenomena alam dan hambatan dalam membangun pusaka harmonisasi masyarakat Banjar untuk mempertahankan nilai-nilai internalisasi budaya dalam perspektif Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan berbasis kearifan lokal budaya sungai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode penelitian fenomenologis: observasi langsung, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan meringkas penyelesaian pekerjaan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan hal-hal sebagai berikut: faktor penghambat perkembangan cagar budaya sungai pada masyarakat Banjar dengan arus globalisasi dan modernisasi saat ini meghasilkan cara hidup generasi muda menjadi materialistis pragmatis, sehingga gaya hidup sangat konsumtif. Namun, pemerintah daerah, masyarakat Banjar dan akademisi terus berupaya untuk mendukung dan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai luhur internalisasi, dengan kewajiban untuk melibatkan generasi muda masyarakat dalam menciptakan dan memelihara budaya daerah melalui pasar terapung. Keberadaan pasar terapung yang didirikan oleh Siring Tendean di kota Banjarmasin, yang tetap menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai gotong royong, kerja sama, kerja keras, tolong-menolong, kekeluargaan, dan empati, menghasilkan nilai-nilai sosial dalam pembentukan masyarakat madani, budaya dalam masyarakat, dan penguatan ekonomi nasional dengan bantuan ikon wisata sungai.

The existence of unbounded solutions and their asymptotic behavior is studied for higher order differential equations considered as perturbations of certain linear differential equations. In particular, the existence of solutions with polynomial-like or noninteger power-law asymptotic behavior is proved. These results give a relation between solutions to nonlinear and corresponding linear equations, which can be interpreted, roughly speaking, as an asymptotic proximity between the linear case and the nonlinear one. Our approach is based on the induction method, an iterative process and suitable estimates for solutions to the linear equation.

Persoalan anak terlantar masih menjadi persoalan serius di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Kementerian Sosial yang diambil dari Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial (DTKS) SIKS-NG per-15 Desember 2020, jumlah anak terlantar di Indonesia sebanyak 67.368 orang. Angka tersebut bisa jadi lebih tinggi karena tidak semua anak yang terlantar datanya terekam dengan baik. Permasalahan IMM Allende yang menjadi mitra dalam kegiatan pengabdian diantaranya; SDM yang kurang memiliki karakter tangguh dalam melakukan kerja sosial di lapangan, kurangnya penguasaan dalam melakukan pendekatan kepada anak-anak jalanan yang menjadi sasaran binaan. Sedangkan permasalahan binaan mitra yakni motivasi belajar rendah, dan terbatasnya waktu belajar karena harus bekerja. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini pertama untuk membantu penguatan organisasi dan SDM mitra agar memiliki kesiapan pendampingan pada anak-anak jalanan, membantu membangun penguatan hubungan antara mitra dan anak binaan serta menciptakan pembelajaran yang menarik dalam proses pendampingan. Metode penanganan pada kegiatan PKM ini adalah metode Street Based. Hasil dari pengabdian ini, anak-anak yang menjadi sasaran mitra terpenuhi haknya mendapatkan layanan pendidikan. Mereka antusias dan mengalami peningkatan kemampuan hasil belajar. Sedangkan bagi relawan IMM Allende, kegiatan pengabdian ini mampu membangun kesadaran pentingnya komunikasi dan koordinasi dalam organisasi sehingga melahirkan kekompakan dan ketangguhan menjadi relawan sosial.

Super-resolution image acquisition has turned photo-activated far-infrared thermal imaging into a promising tool for the characterization of biological tissues. By the sub-diffraction localization of sparse temperature increments primed by the sample absorption of modulated focused laser light, the distribution of (endogenous or exogenous) photo-thermal biomarkers can be reconstructed at tunable ∼10−50 μm resolution. We focus here on the theoretical modeling of laser-primed temperature variations and provide the guidelines to convert super-resolved temperature-based images into quantitative maps of the absolute molar concentration of photo-thermal probes. We start from camera-based temperature detection via Stefan–Boltzmann’s law, and elucidate the interplay of the camera point-spread-function and pixelated sensor size with the excitation beam waist in defining the amplitude of the measured temperature variations. This can be accomplished by the numerical solution of the three-dimensional heat equation in the presence of modulated laser illumination on the sample, which is characterized in terms of thermal diffusivity, conductivity, thickness, and concentration of photo-thermal species. We apply our data-analysis protocol to murine B16 melanoma biopsies, where melanin is mapped and quantified in label-free configuration at sub-diffraction 40 µm resolution. Our results, validated by an unsupervised machine-learning analysis of hematoxylin-and-eosin images of the same sections, suggest potential impact of super-resolved thermography in complementing standard histopathological analyses of melanocytic lesions.

The EU has set ambitious targets to combat climate change. Incorporating renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is a critical aspect of achieving the European Union’s (EU) 2030 climate goals. Similarly to all member countries of the EU, Greece shares the same climate goals. In order to achieve these goals, ensuring a consistent supply and the effective use of clean energy is pursued, as it has a significant impact on the sustainable development and growth of the country. As the Greek tourism sector is one of the most energy-consuming of the national economy and a major contributor to the country’s GDP, opportunities are presented for innovation and investment in sustainable practices. Such investments must focus on buildings and facilities, where the energy consumption is concentrated. One of the most popular holiday destinations in Greece is the island of Crete. Visitation patterns are seasonal, which means during the summer months, Crete is exceptionally popular and more demanding energy-wise. One of the highest energy-demanding types of tourism-based businesses is the hospitality industry. Energy demands in hotels are driven by factors such as heating, cooling, lighting, and hot water. Thus, such activities require thermal and electrical energy to function. Electrical energy is one of the most essential forms of energy for hotels, as it powers a wide range of critical systems and services throughout the establishment. Therefore, the hotels are highly susceptible to fluctuations in energy prices which can significantly impact the operational costs of hotels. This paper presents an analysis of the annual consumption for the year of 2022 of five hotels located in Crete. An algorithm is also implemented which strives to minimize the capital expenditure (CAPEX), while ensuring a sufficient percentage of self-sufficiency.

A recent challenge in bioimaging is the observation and imaging of vital, thick, and complex tissues in real time and in non-invasive mode. In the last decade, non-linear excitation microscopy showed several advantages for in-vivo imaging compared to conventional confocal techniques. Nevertheless, deep tissue imaging remains challenging, especially for thick media, due to spherical aberrations induced on focused beams by the tissue. A low numerical aperture objective lens coupled to high dioptric power microlenses, implanted in the tissue, can be beneficial for the reduction of optical aberrations. In this context, we fabricated a system of plano-convex microlenses and microscaffolds on a single chip by means of two-photon polymerization), to be used for non-linear imaging of biological specimens.

Aims: To utilize the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) index of insulin sensitivity, which is based on readily available clinical variables, namely, waist circumference, hypertension and glycated haemoglobin, to discriminate between metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes, and to determine the prevalence of prediabetic conditions., Methods: Non-diabetic individuals (n = 2201) were stratified into quartiles of insulin sensitivity based on eGDR index. Individuals in the upper quartiles of eGDR were defined as having metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) according to their body mass index, while those in the lower quartiles were classified as having metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), respectively., Results: The frequency of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and IFG + IGT status was comparable among the MHNW, MHOW and MHO groups, while it increased from those with MUNW status towards those with MUOW and MUO status. As compared with participants with MHNW, the odds ratio of having IFG, IGT, or IFG + IGT was significantly higher in participants with MUOW and MUO but not in those with MUNW, MHOW and MHO, respectively., Conclusions: A metabolically healthy phenotype is associated with lower frequency of IFG, IGT, and IFG + IGT status across all body weight categories., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aims: Prior studies provided evidence that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol-lowering statins reduce cardiovascular events while conveying an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LDL levels and both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in a cohort of 356 adult first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes., Methods: Insulin sensitivity was assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and first-phase insulin secretion was measured by both intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and OGTT., Results: LDL-cholesterol levels were not independently associated with insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. After adjusting for several potential confounders, LDL-cholesterol concentration exhibited a positive independent association with acute insulin response (AIR) during IVGTT and with the OGTT derived Stumvoll first-phase insulin secretion index. When insulin release was adjusted for the underlying degree of insulin sensitivity, using the disposition index (AIR × insulin-stimulated glucose disposal), β-cell function was significantly associated with LDL-cholesterol levels, even after further adjusting for several potential confounders., Conclusions: The present results suggest that LDL cholesterol is a positive modulator of insulin secretion. The deterioration in glycemic control observed during treatment with statins might thus be explained by an impairment in insulin secretion due to the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To assess sex-related differences in whole-body insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in a group of Caucasian subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance., Methods: Sex-related differences in insulin sensitivity using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique and insulin secretion using validated indexes obtained during an oral glucose tolerance test were examined among 570 non-diabetic offspring individuals having only one parent with type 2 diabetes. Participants were classified as having with NGT, isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and combined IFG/IGT., Results: Isolated IFG, isolated IGT, and combined IFG/IGT women exhibited greater relative differences in BMI, waist circumference, and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal than their male counterparts. Formal tests for glucose tolerance status × sex interaction were statistically significant for BMI (P = 0.05) waist circumference (P = 0.04), and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (P = 0.01) suggesting a sex-specific association. By contrast, tests for glucose tolerance status × sex interaction regarding both insulinogenic and disposition indexes were not significant., Conclusions: This study suggests that deterioration of glucose homeostasis in women is associated with a greater fat accumulation and worsening in insulin sensitivity as compared with men., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To characterize the prevalence of NAFLD among subjects with NGT, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by sex in adults with one or more cardio-metabolic risk factors, and to assess whether cardio-metabolic factors explained sex-related differences in NAFLD prevalence., Methods: The study sample encompasses 742 individuals with NGT, 553 with prediabetes, and 431 with T2DM., Results: Women with prediabetes and T2DM exhibited greater relative differences in waist circumference, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and lipid profile than prediabetic and diabetic men when compared with their NGT counterparts. Formal tests for glucose tolerance status × sex interaction were statistically significant for waist circumference (P = 0.008), HOMA-IR (P = 0.03), total cholesterol (P = 0.003), LDL (P = 0.001), HDL (P = 0.006), triglycerides (P < 0.0001), and hsCRP (P < 0.05). In a logistic regression analysis, prediabetic and diabetic women exhibited a higher OR for NAFLD than their male counterparts with test for glucose tolerance status × sex interaction being statistically significant., Conclusions: Prediabetic and diabetic women have higher OR of having NAFLD than men. Deterioration of glucose homeostasis in women is associated with a greater worsening in metabolic risk factors than men, which may explain the stronger impact of prediabetes and T2DM on NAFLD in women., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: Individuals with high 1-hour post-load glucose (1-h PG > 155 mg/dl; 8.6 mmol/l) during an oral glucose tolerance test are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular complications, hepatic steatosis, and mortality. However,the clinical relevance of 1-h PG for the severity of hepatic fibrosis risk remains undefined., Methods: Cross-sectional data of the CATAMERI study (n = 2335) were analyzed. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements, liver enzyme determinations, cardiometabolic profiling, and a75-gram oral glucose tolerance test, including fasting, 1-h and 2-h PG determinations and measurement of FIB-4 score to assess degree of hepatic fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis with worsening glycemic status., Results: We stratifiedthe study group into 6 categories based on glycemic status: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) 1h-PG Low, NGT 1h-PG High, iIFG 1h-PG Low, iIFG 1h-PG High, IGT, and newly detected T2D. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic profiles worsened gradually with glycemic status. Moreover, compared to NGT-1h-PG Low group, worsening glycemic status was significantly associated with the severity of fibrosis, independent of other significant clinical risk factors., Conclusions: 1-PG is a valuable tool for stratifying subjects with NGT or IFG at heightened risk of hepatic fibrosis requiring further evaluation with elastography., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Body size mediates life history, physiology and inter- and intra-specific interactions. Within species, sexes frequently differ in size, reflecting divergent selective pressures and/or constraints. Both sexual selection and differences in environmentally mediated reproductive constraints can drive sexual size dimorphism, but empirically testing causes of dimorphism is challenging. Manakins (Pipridae), a family of Neotropical birds comprising approximately 50 species, exhibit a broad range of size dimorphism from male- to female-biased and are distributed across gradients of precipitation and elevation. Males perform courtship displays ranging from simple hops to complex aerobatic manoeuvres. We tested associations between sexual size dimorphism and (a) agility and (b) environment, analysing morphological, behavioural and environmental data for 22 manakin species in a phylogenetic framework. Sexual dimorphism in mass was most strongly related to agility, with males being lighter than females in species performing more aerial display behaviours. However, wing and tarsus length dimorphism were more strongly associated with environmental variables, suggesting that different sources of selection act on different aspects of body size. These results highlight the strength of sexual selection in shaping morphology-even atypical patterns of dimorphism-while demonstrating the importance of constraints and ecological consequences of body size evolution.