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Abstract Aim This study examines the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic‐induced behavioral restrictions on child psychiatric inpatients in Japan, particularly focusing on limitations placed on outings and overnight stays as infection‐control measures. Methods Data were collected from inpatients from the children's mental health registry between January 2016 and December 2022. The clinical data, such as age, gender, diagnosis, result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, frequency of outings and overnight stays before and after the pandemic, were compared. Results During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the decrease in both outings and overnight stays among child psychiatric inpatients in Japan was statistically significant. As a result, home interactions with families decreased. In addition, diagnoses of hospitalized children increased significantly in cases of eating disorders and decreased in diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders. Conclusion These results underscore the need for flexible, individualized approaches to infection control that consider the mental health of hospitalized children.

Abstract Even after idiopathic macular hole (MH) surgery and with successful closure of MH, aniseikonia is a common postoperative symptom. We investigated the correlation of MH diameter, retinal displacement and retinal layer thicknesses with aniseikonia in 41 eyes of 41 patients undergoing MH surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling. Aniseikonia was measured with the New Aniseikonia Test. Retinal displacement (RD%) was defined as change of retinal distance between the temporal margin of the optic papilla and the intersection of the retinal vessels. Changes of thicknesses of the inner nuclear layer (INL%) and the outer retinal layer (OR%) were calculated. Aniseikonia improved postoperatively. Preoperative aniseikonia and their improvement at 6 months correlated with MH diameters (P = 0.004–0.046). Improvement of aniseikonia correlated with temporal RD% (P = 0.002–0.012). Improvement of vertical aniseikonia correlated with INL% at 2 weeks and with the nasal OR% at 1, 3, and 6 months (P =

Abstract Metamorphopsia is an important visual symptom of macular disease. We determined predictors for metamorphopsia investigating the relationships of macular hole (MH) diameter and retinal layer thicknesses with metamorphopsia after MH surgery. Forty-two eyes of 42 consecutive patients undergoing MH surgery were retrospectively studied. Metamorphopsia was measured with M-CHARTS. Inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer retinal layer (OR) thicknesses were measured 1000 μm away from central fovea at using Spectralis. Preoperative M-CHARTS scores correlated with MH diameters (P = 0.007–0.031) and changes of temporal OR thickness (P = 0.008–0.010). Postoperative M-CHARTS score at 3 months correlated with preoperative nasal and inferior OR thicknesses (P = 0.003 and 0.016) and with changes of superior INL at 3 and 6 months (P = 0.011 and 0.025), and score at 1 month with change of temporal OR at 6 months (P = 0.033). Postoperative improvement of M-CHARTS scores correlated with changes of temporal INL and superior OR (P = 0.026 and 0.002). Multiple regression analysis revealed that MH diameter was a significant predictor for metamorphopsia. Photoreceptor displacement and inner retinal change may generate metamorphopsia in MH undergoing surgery, however MH diameter is the most powerful predictor.

Recently, basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) has gained attention in the construction industry because of its worldwide availability and eco-friendly nature. Different from conventional steel bars, BFRP bar do not corrode being an ideal reinforcing material in structures surrounding magnetic fields and marine environments, given its chemical stability. This study investigated the load carrying behavior of concrete beams reinforced with conventional deformed steel bars and seven-bundled BFRP bars through four-point flexural test. For each case, two beams were prepared; one beam was designed with a low reinforcement ratio and another with a high reinforcement ratio in order to obtain a load carrying capacity of around 330–368 kN and 483–519 kN, respectively. Deflection, crack width evolution, and strain behavior of each beam were comparatively analyzed using a digital image correlation (DIC) based technique. The DIC analysis results showed that the neutral axis of bundled BFRP reinforced cases move to the upper end in an early loading stage, with larger cracks width, and the deflection is larger in BFRP cases than in those of steel-reinforced beams with the respective reinforcement ratio. However, the four-point flexural test results revealed that bundled BFRP bars can be used as an alternative to conventional steel bars. The load carrying capacities were obtained similarly to designed values, around 364 and 551 kN for low and high reinforcement ratio cases, respectively.