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Today's adolescents are considered to be heavy users of social media technology and web-based applications, compared to middle-aged cohorts (e.g., 30-50 years old). However, exact usage details for young adolescents (10-15 years old) in the US are difficult to find, especially for socioeconomically disadvantaged students. There is also scant literature that examines young adolescents' multimodal composing with technologies, the audiences and contexts for which they intend their digital multimodal creations, and the values they hold regarding their creations. This pilot survey study is a response to this need for research. While overall the findings indicate some degree of diversity of form, purpose, and audience in composing among the young adolescents surveyed, these findings also reveal gaps in certain modalities for some groups of young adolescents. Additionally, the researchers call attention to a need for developing an audience awareness, especially of an online audience, and multimodal assessment acumen in these young writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to examine work-related exposure to trauma and predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among regional journalists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, a conflict-ridden area in northwest Pakistan. We recruited 216 KP journalists. Analysis of the surveys revealed a high prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. All of the participants had covered at least one trauma inducing event. Exposure to work-related trauma, active emotional coping and avoidant emotional coping were statistically significant factors associated with PTSD symptoms. This study is the first to highlight the severity of the impact of trauma on regional journalists in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]