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Khaya(Meliaceae) is a widespread genus of trees distributed from the tropical forests of Africa to Madagascar and the Comoros. Khayaspecies are very close morphologically and some contain considerable phenotypic and ecological diversity, raising the question of their delimitation: this is the case of Khaya anthothecas.l. (sensu lato, including K. nyasica), which is often lumped with K. grandifoliolaand K. ivorensis. We tested species delimitation within K. anthothecaby combining population‐genetic and morphological data. First, a visual inspection of over a thousand specimens suggested the existence of five morphogroups. Second, after genotyping 498 samples at 71 nuclear SNPs, Bayesian clustering analyses (STRUCTURE) first identified five genetic clusters (K1–K5), while further analyses subdivided K5 into two clusters. The six genetic clusters obtained are distributed in parapatry or allopatry from West Africa to East Africa, except for cluster K4, which is in sympatry with K3 in Central Africa. The partitioning of genetic clusters is also largely congruent with the morphogroups identified. The morphological differentiation of these clusters was confirmed by statistical analyses of 27 leaf characters. The clear‐cut genetic differentiation between clusters, with few admixed genotypes even in contact zones, argues for the recognition of distinct species following the biological species concept. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomic treatment of Khayaunderestimates by one‐half the total number of species. We identify two new species, circumscribe K. anthothecaand support the rehabilitation at the rank of species of three taxa considered to be synonyms of K. anthotheca(K. agboensis, K. euryphylla, K. nyasica). These results illustrate the strength of combining population‐genetic and morphological data to delineate an African rainforest tree species complex.

Semi-domesticated plants are good resources for agroecology, because they can survive without human intervention and can be managed together with non-domesticated plants. To explore the ecological know-how underlying farmer management of semi-domesticates at the landscape level, we compared how Yanacona Indigenous People in the southwestern Colombian Andes manage two semi-domesticated species ofPhaseolus beans, both locally namedcacha (Phaseolus coccineus andP. dumosus), and a full domesticate (the common beanPhaseolus vulgaris). We investigated what functional traits ofPhaseolus beans farmers identify and how farmers link these traits with the ability of beans to develop in different cultural-ecological niches within the landscape. In 60 semi-structured interviews conducted with Yanacona farmers, we found that (i) farmers compare functional traits of the different bean species, including perenniality, phenology, resistance to pests and diseases, and ability to compete with surrounding vegetation; (ii) farmers recognize and use the variation generated by hybridization between the twocacha species; (iii) farmers take advantage of the traits ofcacha to grow them under a wide array of niches at the landscape scale, including low-intervention spaces, such as hedges and swidden plots in fallow, and have detailed knowledge ofcacha beans' interactions with trees; and (iv)cacha traits contribute to the resilience of agroecosystems through the management practices and social relationships with which they are associated. Emic and etic perspectives must be combined to gain full understanding of the roles of functional traits of cultivated plants.