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103 results on '"Michael Williams"'

1. Ocular Hydrogel Materials and Corresponding Methods of Anterior Segment Drug Delivery: A Review

Author

Michael Williams and Muhammad Hasan

Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Ocular conditions have historically proven difficult to treat. Topical eye drops are the primary method of anterior ocular drug delivery but have demonstrated low effectiveness as they require perpetual administration to achieve adequate doses of drug in the target tissue. This can lower patient compliance and increase the risk of side effects, such as systemic toxicity as most of the drug is absorbed through the eye’s natural clearance pathways. Considering this, further development of alternate anterior delivery methods has the potential to improve drug effectiveness, residence times, and bioavailability, as well as reduce systemic toxicity. To this end, the ongoing development of contact lenses, thermogels, nanoparticle delivery systems, as well as mucoadhesive and mucopenetrative properties are being explored. This paper will discuss these developments, as well as their implications in ocular treatment.

Published
2024
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2. Investigating the Role of Cover-Crop Spectra for Vineyard Monitoring from Airborne and Spaceborne Remote Sensing

Author

Michael Williams, Niall G. Burnside, Matthew Brolly, and Chris B. Joyce

Subjects
precision agriculture, UAV, satellite, remote sensing, cover crop, quality, Science
Abstract

The monitoring of grape quality parameters within viticulture using airborne remote sensing is an increasingly important aspect of precision viticulture. Airborne remote sensing allows high volumes of spatial consistent data to be collected with improved efficiency over ground-based surveys. Spectral data can be used to understand the characteristics of vineyards, including the characteristics and health of the vines. Within viticultural remote sensing, the use of cover-crop spectra for monitoring is often overlooked due to the perceived noise it generates within imagery. However, within viticulture, the cover crop is a widely used and important management tool. This study uses multispectral data acquired by a high-resolution uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and Sentinel-2 MSI to explore the benefit that cover-crop pixels could have for grape yield and quality monitoring. This study was undertaken across three growing seasons in the southeast of England, at a large commercial wine producer. The site was split into a number of vineyards, with sub-blocks for different vine varieties and rootstocks. Pre-harvest multispectral UAV imagery was collected across three vineyard parcels. UAV imagery was radiometrically corrected and stitched to create orthomosaics (red, green, and near-infrared) for each vineyard and survey date. Orthomosaics were segmented into pure cover-cropuav and pure vineuav pixels, removing the impact that mixed pixels could have upon analysis, with three vegetation indices (VIs) constructed from the segmented imagery. Sentinel-2 Level 2a bottom of atmosphere scenes were also acquired as close to UAV surveys as possible. In parallel, the yield and quality surveys were undertaken one to two weeks prior to harvest. Laboratory refractometry was performed to determine the grape total acid, total soluble solids, alpha amino acids, and berry weight. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost v2.1.1) was used to determine the ability of remote sensing data to predict the grape yield and quality parameters. Results suggested that pure cover-cropuav was a successful predictor of grape yield and quality parameters (range of R2 = 0.37–0.45), with model evaluation results comparable to pure vineuav and Sentinel-2 models. The analysis also showed that, whilst the structural similarity between the both UAV and Sentinel-2 data was high, the cover crop is the most influential spectral component within the Sentinel-2 data. This research presents novel evidence for the ability of cover-cropuav to predict grape yield and quality. Moreover, this finding then provides a mechanism which explains the success of the Sentinel-2 modelling of grape yield and quality. For growers and wine producers, creating grape yield and quality prediction models through moderate-resolution satellite imagery would be a significant innovation. Proving more cost-effective than UAV monitoring for large vineyards, such methodologies could also act to bring substantial cost savings to vineyard management.

Published
2024
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3. Characteristics of Powerful Radio Galaxies

Author

Chandra B. Singh, Michael Williams, David Garofalo, Luis Rojas Castillo, Landon Taylor, and Eddie Harmon

Subjects
radio galaxies, active galactic nuclei, black hole physics, accretion disks, rotating black holes, relativistic jets, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

Mature radio galaxies such as M87 belong to a specific subclass of active galaxies (AGN) whose evolution in time endows them with five distinguishing characteristics, including (1) low excitation emission, (2) low star formation rates, (3) high bulge stellar-velocity dispersion, (4) bright stellar nuclei, and (5) weak or nonexistent merger signatures. We show how to understand these seemingly disparate characteristics as originating from the time evolution of powerful radio quasars and describe a new model prediction that tilted accretion disks in AGN are expected to occur in bright quasars but not in other subclasses of AGN. The picture we present should be understood as the most compelling evidence for counter-rotation as a key element in feedback from accreting black holes.

Published
2024
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4. Can we use a mid-infrared fine-ground soil spectral library to predict non-fine-ground spectra?

Author

Yasas Gamagedara, Nuwan K. Wijewardane, Gary Feng, Cathy Seybold, Michael Williams, Mary Love Tagert, and Vitor S. Martins

Subjects
Soil, Mid-infrared spectroscopy, Calibration transfer, Pre-processing, Science
Abstract

Mid-infrared (MIR) reflectance spectroscopy is a promising and rapid technology to accurately infer soil properties from a single scan. Fine-grinding is an expensive and time-consuming sample processing step in soil MIR spectroscopy that can have a major impact on spectral features and subsequent multivariate model calibrations. The use of existing fine-ground spectral libraries to predict soil properties of new samples (without fine-grinding) can reduce the cost and time in soil analysis. Calibration transfer studies between different grinding states of soil samples (using existing fine-ground spectral libraries to predict non-fine-ground spectra) are not available to the best of our knowledge. To address this research gap, this study investigated different calibration transfer and pre-processing techniques to link the MIR fine-ground spectral models and non-fine-ground soil spectra. Four calibration transfer techniques (direct standardization, external parameter orthogonalization, slope/bias correction, and spiking with extra weight) and four pre-processing techniques (first derivative, detrending, multiplicative signal correction, and standard normal variate) were investigated in this study. The United States Department of Agriculture National Soil Survey Center Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory’s MIR spectral library (n > 72,000) and a randomly selected subset from the library (n = 519) were used as spectral datasets. Spiking (with extra weight) calibration transfer technique performed well for pH, clay, and sand when using the library (mean R2 = 0.70) and for organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay, and sand when using the subset from the library (mean R2 = 0.66). Standard normal variate pre-processing technique performed well with organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and sand when using the library (mean R2 = 0.67). Overall, spiking (with extra weight) enables the use of existing MIR fine-ground soil spectral libraries to predict those soil properties of new samples without fine-grinding, saving the cost and time.

Published
2024
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5. The Effects of Virtual Lab Delivery on Motivation, Learning, and Academic Success

Author

Erin Dancey and Michael Williams-Bell

Subjects
online learning, motivation, self-regulated learning, self-directed learning, metacognition, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

In March 2020, a significant amount of education moved online because of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Due to these restrictions, Durham College offered an alternative online synchronous option (virtual lab delivery) in September 2021 and students were given an option to select their preferred lab option for one course, Fitness Assessment 1. While online delivery has advantages (accessibility, convenience, and reduced costs), student success requires elevated levels of motivation and the capacity to self-direct learning. It is important to ensure the quality of online synchronous delivery in post-secondary education and investigate how a virtual lab option (online synchronous delivery) impacts self-directed learning (SDL), motivation, self-regulated learning (SRL), and academic success. Students were recruited from the virtual lab group (n = 13) and the in-person lab group (n = 10) and completed questionnaires at baseline (week 1) and following the course (week 14). The effect of SRL and motivation was measured by the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and the effects of SDL was measured by the Self-directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). This study also investigated the impact of delivery method on academic success (as measured by final calculated grade). Both delivery groups scored >150 on the SDLRS at both timepoints indicating a high readiness for self-directed learning. There was a significant effect of delivery method for the overall MSLQ score (p = 0.009) as well as the MSLQ learning domain (p = 0.005) with higher scores achieved by the virtual learning group. There was a trend towards higher final calculated grade for the in-person delivery group (84.3%) as compared to the virtual group (80.1%). These findings suggest that the students who selected the virtual learning option possessed a greater capacity to self-regulate their learning process using metacognitive and behavioral strategies. This has implications for post-secondary education design and implementation as certain predispositions may make some students more likely to engage in self-directed learning and students may require differential educational approaches based on these differences.

Published
2024
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6. Mid term freedom from atrial fibrillation following hybrid ablation, a systematic review and meta analysis

Author

Aditya Eranki, Ashley Wilson-Smith, Campbell Flynn, Michael Williams, and Con Manganas

Subjects
Hybrid ablation, Convergent procedure, Atrial fibrillation, Freedom from atrial fibrillation, Surgery, RD1-811, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Abstract Introduction Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common tachyarrhythmia affecting 33 million people worldwide. Hybrid AF ablation utilises a surgical (epicardial) ablation followed by an endocardial catheter-based ablation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the literature reporting mid-term freedom from AF following hybrid ablation. Methods An electronic search of databases was performed to identify all relevant studies providing mid-term (2 year) outcomes following hybrid ablation for AF. The primary study outcome was to assess the mid-term freedom from AF following hybrid ablation, utilising the metaprop function on Stata® (Version 17.0, StataCorp, Texas, USA). Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the impact of various operative characteristics on mid-term freedom from AF. The secondary outcomes assessed mortality and procedural complication rate. Results The search strategy identified 16 studies qualifying for inclusion in this meta-analysis, with 1242 patients in total. The majority of papers were retrospective cohort studies (15) and one study was a randomized control trial (RCT). The mean follow up was 31.5 ± 8.4 months. Following hybrid ablation, the overall mid-term freedom from AF was 74.6% and 65.4% for patients off antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD). Actuarial freedom from AF was 78.2%, 74.2% and 73.6% at 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. No significant differences in mid-term freedom from AF based epicardial lesion set (box vs pulmonary vein isolation) or Left atrial appendage/Ganglionated Plexus/Ligament of Marshall ablation or staged vs concomitant procedures. There were 12 deaths overall following the hybrid procedure with a pooled complication rate of 5.53%. Conclusion Hybrid AF ablation offers promising mid-term freedom from AF reported at a mean follow-up of 31.5 months. The overall complication rate remains low. Further analysis of high-quality studies with randomized data and long-term follow up will help verify these results.

Published
2023
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7. Central contrast sensitivity perimetry discriminates between glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes

Author

Emmanuel Kwasi Abu, Carl Halladay Abraham, Albert Kofi Dadzie, Enyam Amewuho Morny, Michael Ntodie, Stephen Ocansey, Samuel Abokyi, Andrew Owusu-Ansah, Naa Adjeley Addo, Michael Williams, Asantewaa Aboagye-McCarthy, Godfred Sakyi-Badu, Paa Kwesi Fynn Hope, and Peter Osei-Wusu Adueming

Subjects
Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Background: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy which causes irreversible vision loss. Standard perimetry, which is essential for glaucoma diagnosis, can only detect glaucomatous visual filed loss when considerable structural damage has occurred. Contrast sensitivity is one of the visual function tests that is reduced in eyes with glaucoma. It is known to be affected in pre-perimetric stages of glaucoma. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminating ability of central contrast sensitivity perimetry in eyes with and without glaucoma. Design: The study employed a cross-sectional study design. Methods: The study participants were made of two groups; eyes diagnosed with glaucoma by an ophthalmologist based on visual field test and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and age- and sex-matched controls who were declared free from glaucoma. Static contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured in the central 10° of visual field using a custom psychophysical test. Results: There were 45 eyes with glaucoma and 45 age- and sex-matched controls in this study. The static CS in the glaucoma group was significantly reduced in 9 out of the 13 tested locations in the central 10° of the visual field. The mean static CS at 5°, 10°, superior hemifield and inferior hemifield were all significantly reduced in the glaucoma patients compared to the controls. Conclusion: Static CS measurement is a sensitive approach that can be utilized to aid in the detection of glaucoma. The use of static CS can be adopted in the development of a cost-effective yet sensitive screening tool for the detection of glaucoma.

Published
2023
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8. Cognitive interviewing as a method to inform questionnaire design and validity - Immersive Technology Evaluation Measure (ITEM) for healthcare education

Author

Chris Jacobs, Joshua Wheeler, Michael Williams, and Richard Joiner

Subjects
Education (General), L7-991, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Research of immersive technology in education is rapidly expanding with potential to educate future students in healthcare disciplines. Despite increasing literature there is a lack of validated instruments to investigate the effects of these technologies. Cognitive interviewing is a valuable evaluation method to check comprehension of a measure and was applied to a new measure of user experience of immersive technology for healthcare education (ITEM). A 5 domain self-reported measure of: immersion, intrinsic motivation, cognitive load, system usability, and debrief. Prior to the interview 9 participants were allocated to augmented reality and virtual reality educational activities. Verbal probing and think aloud techniques through semi-structured cognitive interviews were conducted. The ITEM was found to have high content validity index scores and relationships between domains were further explored through qualitative analysis. The results indicate high clarity of understanding for those completing the ITEM and supports future research as part of an ongoing validation process.

Published
2023
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9. Infrarenal aortic dissection in a child after blunt trauma

Author

Michelle Mangold, DO, Jose Mauro Chaves, MD, PhD, Christopher Blewett, MD, and Michael Williams, MD

Subjects
Aortic dissection, Bucket handle bowel injury, Chance fracture, Pediatric, Seat-belt, Trauma, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

We present a 4-year-old who suffered blunt abdominal trauma leading to Chance fractures to the lumbar spine, bucket-handle injuries to the ileum and descending colon, and an aortic intimal injury leading to occlusion of the infrarenal aorta with extension to the bifurcation. Her vascular injuries were managed by endarterectomy of the intimal injury, thrombectomy of the distal aorta and bilateral iliac arteries using a Fogarty catheter, and patch angioplasty of the infrarenal aorta using bovine pericardium secured by a combination of interrupted and running sutures to optimize elasticity and operative time.

Published
2022
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10. Long-term outcomes for patients treated for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review

Author

Michael Williams and Alexandra Hunter

Subjects
Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

This systematic review assessed the long-term outcomes for patients treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor or dexamethasone for macular oedema (MO) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Studies investigating patients of all ages with MO due to RVO only were included. The review was deliberately broad in scope, including comparative and non-comparative studies to ensure inclusion of real-world type evidence. Risk of bias was assessed. In total, 76 data sets were included (10 775 participants). Overall, mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from baseline to 5 years by 16.1 letters (p

Published
2022
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11. A systematic review of non-procedural contributors to quality of life in heart valve disease

Author

Ariel Pons, Gillian Whalley, Katherine Sneddon, Michael Williams, and Sean Coffey

Subjects
Quality of life, Heart valve disease, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is an important outcome in patients with heart valve disease, in cohorts that have received a valve replacement as well as those that have not. Existing reviews on this topic, however, focus primarily on the effect of valve intervention. This systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of non-procedural predictors of QOL in multiple forms of heart valve disease. Measures of QOL can compare outcomes between populations (‘generic’ measures) or within a specific disease state or population (‘specific’). Methods: Pubmed was searched in July 2021 for papers reporting associations of non-procedural factors with QOL. Results: 14 papers with 8433 participants in total were included in the final selection, most of which were aortic valve intervention cohorts. Studies using both generic and specific measures of QOL were included. Sex and body mass index had minimal association with QOL in HVD, while ejection fraction displayed no association. In longitudinal studies, more severe cardiac symptoms before valve intervention were associated with worse QOL after valve intervention. Conclusion: There is limited information on non-procedural contributions to QOL in patients with heart valve disease. Sex, BMI, age, and ejection fraction appear to have little effect. The association of worse long term QOL post-intervention in those with worse pre-intervention symptoms raises the possibility that earlier intervention may be beneficial. Variability of results in different cohorts and between measures of quality of life indicate the need for a disease-specific measure of QOL in heart valve disease.

Published
2022
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12. The agony of proposing system-wide change

Author

Cherri Greeno, Kim Nicholson, Roshan Pinto, and Michael Williams

Subjects
systematic change, collaboration, public trust in policing, innovation, professionalization of policing, police reform, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, HV1-9960
Abstract

Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP) Executive Global Studies 2020–2022 cohort members share the challenges, fears, and pride experienced while exploring the future of policing…for police.

Published
2022
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13. Predictors of quality of life after revascularization for ischemic heart disease: A systematic review

Author

Ariel Pons, Gillian Whalley, Katherine Sneddon, Michael Williams, and Sean Coffey

Subjects
Quality of life, Myocardial revascularization, Smoking cessation, Hypertension, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Quality of life is a key outcome after coronary revascularization for ischemic heart disease in the modern era. 6–12 months after coronary revascularization, recovery from the intervention itself, especially coronary artery bypass grafting, is no longer the key determinant of quality of life, while the benefits (or lack thereof) of revascularization become more apparent. Potential determinants of quality of life that are not directly related to the form of intervention have been less frequently examined in this group of patients. Methods: This systematic review examined the association of published contributors to quality of life in patients following coronary revascularization for ischemic heart disease 6–12 months post intervention. Studies that reported such associations were identified and assessed for quality. 11 were included in this review. Quality of life was measured by the Short Forms 36 and 12, and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Results: Of potentially modifiable factors, current smoking and hypertension displayed the most consistent associations with reduced quality of life after intervention. Quality of life was positively associated with baseline quality of life and being partnered/married, and negatively associated with female sex, diabetes, and lung or renal disease, and only minimally associated with ejection fraction. Age and prior myocardial infarction displayed conflicting associations. Conclusion: To improve patient outcomes following coronary revascularization, other potentially modifiable non-procedural factors that affect quality of life could be targeted for more intensive management. Smoking cessation and anti-hypertensive therapies treat the most consistent factors associated with reduced quality of life after revascularization.

Published
2022
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14. Evaluating habitat selection of François’ langur in the karst mountains of China: Implications for conservation strategies

Author

Jialiang Han, Xing Fan, Guy Michael Williams, Qixian Zou, and Bingnan Dong

Subjects
Habitat selection, François’ langur, Karst mountains, Conservation strategies, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

The François’ langur is an endangered primate species endemic to Asia, found in the karst mountain regions of China and Vietnam. These langurs are distributed across isolated locations, where habitat loss and fragmentation pose significant threats to their survival. The Mayanghe National Nature Reserve (MNNR) is home to the largest population of wild François' langurs in the world, estimated at 500–600 individuals. To understand the habitat selection of François’ langurs in the MNNR, a survey was conducted from September 2017 to August 2019. Using species presence data and environmental variables, we analyzed habitat selection through a resource selection function (RSF). Significant habitat differences were found between distribution and control sites. The best model included slope, distance to river, distance to road, vegetation type, and tree height. The distribution of François’ langur is primarily influenced by its reliance on specific vegetation types, sensitivity to human disturbance, and geographical factors. This study clarifies the ecological requirements of wild François’ langurs by analyzing their habitat selection and highlights the importance of understanding these factors to inform conservation efforts.

Published
2024
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16. High School Students' Nature of Science Understandings and Scientific Argumentation Skills in the Context of Socioscientific Issues

Author

John Michael Williams

Abstract

Today's high school graduates are required to digest and interpret massive amounts of information related to science. National standards documents in science education promote the development of skills to effectively evaluate the credibility of scientific information, with the goal of producing citizens capable of making scientifically informed decisions after graduation. These skills include the ability to make reasoned arguments based on evidence (Scientific Argumentation [SA]) and an understanding of how scientific knowledge is generated, validated, and communicated (Nature of Science [NOS]). While the importance of these skills is not in dispute, the few studies that have examined the connection between them have yielded mixed results. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between high school science students' SA skill and NOS understanding in the context of real-world scenarios that include a scientific and ethical component (socioscientific issues [SSI]). This dissertation reports on a quantitative survey research study investigating high school students' SA skill and level of NOS understanding in the context of two SSIs. One hundred ninety-five high school students from a suburban school district in South Dakota completed the survey/assessment. Linear regression analyses, Fisher transformations, and t-tests were used to investigate the nature of potential relationships between SA skill and NOS understanding, and also the potential effect of SSI characteristics on SA skill and NOS understanding. The data suggest moderate to large positive correlations between components of students' NOS understanding and SA skills in the context of SSIs. Comparisons of the NOS-SA correlations between SSI scenarios showed relative consistency. Similarly, comparisons of NOS and SA score means between SSI scenarios demonstrated little to no variation. Analyses of potential effects of SSI characteristics including personal relevance, prior knowledge, and familiarity of debate on SA skill and NOS understanding revealed no clear trends. The results indicate a strong connection between high school students' NOS understanding and SA skill. Additionally, students appear to apply their NOS understanding and SA skill similarly across SSI scenarios. Students' application of NOS understanding and SA skill displays no clear correlation with studied characteristics of the SSI scenario. Future researchers should develop interventions to improve NOS and SA that allow for 1) determination of directionality in the NOS-SA relationship, 2) exploration of potential synergistic effects of teaching NOS and SA in a blended way, and 3) more precise and comprehensive measurement of SSI characteristics that may affect NOS and SA application. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2022

17. Artificial Intelligence for the Electron Ion Collider (AI4EIC).

Author

C. Allaire, R. Ammendola, E.-C. Aschenauer, M. Balandat, Marco Battaglieri, J. C. Bernauer, M. Bondì, N. Branson, T. Britton, Anja Butter, I. Chahrour, P. Chatagnon, Evaristo Cisbani, E. W. Cline, S. Dash, C. T. Dean, W. Deconinck, A. Deshpande, Markus Diefenthaler, R. Ent, Cristiano Fanelli, M. Finger, E. Fol, S. Furletov, Y. Gao, James Giroux, N. C. Gunawardhana Waduge, O. Hassan, P. L. Hegde, Roger José Hernández-Pinto, Astrid N. Hiller Blin, Tanja Horn, J. Huang, A. Jalotra, D. Jayakodige, B. Joo, M. Junaid, N. Kalantarians, Piyush Karande, B. Kriesten, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Y. Li, M. Lin, Frank Liu 0001, S. Liuti, G. Matousek, Matthew McEneaney, Diana McSpadden, T. Menzo, T. Miceli, Vinicius Mikuni, R. Montgomery, Benjamin Nachman, R. R. Nair, J. Niestroy, S. A. Ochoa Oregon, J. Oleniacz, J. D. Osborn, C. Paudel, C. Pecar, C. Peng, Gabriel N. Perdue, W. Phelps, Martin L. Purschke, H. Rajendran, K. Rajput, Y. Ren, David Francisco Rentería-Estrada, D. Richford, B. J. Roy, D. Roy, A. Saini, Nobuo Sato, T. Satogata, German Sborlini, Malachi Schram, David Shih, J. Singh, R. Singh, Andrzej Siódmok, J. Stevens, P. Stone, L. Suarez, K. Suresh, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Fernando Torales Acosta, N. Tran, R. Trotta, F. J. Twagirayezu, R. Tyson, S. Volkova, Anselm Vossen, Eric Walter, Daniel Whiteson, Michael Williams, S. Wu, N. Zachariou, and P. Zurita

Published
2024
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18. Artificial Intelligence for the Electron Ion Collider (AI4EIC).

Author

C. Allaire, R. Ammendola, E.-C. Aschenauer, M. Balandat, Marco Battaglieri, J. C. Bernauer, M. Bondì, N. Branson, Thomas Britton, Anja Butter, I. Chahrour, P. Chatagnon, Evaristo Cisbani, E. W. Cline, S. Dash, C. T. Dean, W. Deconinck, A. Deshpande, Markus Diefenthaler, R. Ent, Cristiano Fanelli, M. Finger, M. Finger Jr., E. Fol, S. Furletov, Yuan Gao, James Giroux, N. C. Gunawardhana Waduge, R. Harish, O. Hassan, P. L. Hegde, Roger José Hernández-Pinto, Astrid N. Hiller Blin, Tanja Horn, J. Huang, D. Jayakodige, B. Joo, M. Junaid, Piyush Karande, B. Kriesten, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, M. Lin, Frank Liu 0001, S. Liuti, G. Matousek, Matthew McEneaney, Diana McSpadden, T. Menzo, T. Miceli, Vinicius Mikuni, R. Montgomery, Benjamin Nachman, R. R. Nair, J. Niestroy, S. A. Ochoa Oregon, J. Oleniacz, J. D. Osborn, C. Paudel, C. Pecar, C. Peng, Gabriel N. Perdue, W. Phelps, Martin L. Purschke, K. Rajput, Y. Ren, David Francisco Rentería-Estrada, D. Richford, B. J. Roy, D. Roy, Nobuo Sato, T. Satogata, German Sborlini, Malachi Schram, David Shih, J. Singh, R. Singh, Andrzej Siódmok, P. Stone, J. Stevens, L. Suarez, K. Suresh, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Fernando Torales Acosta, N. Tran, R. Trotta, F. J. Twagirayezu, R. Tyson, S. Volkova, Anselm Vossen, Eric Walter, Daniel Whiteson, Michael Williams, S. Wu, N. Zachariou, and P. Zurita

Published
2023
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20. Kidney and Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin According to Age and Sex

Author

Tae Won Yi, Brendan Smyth, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Clare Arnott, Kathryn Cardoza, Amy Kang, Carol Pollock, Rajiv Agarwal, George Bakris, David M. Charytan, Dick de Zeeuw, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Bruce Neal, David C. Wheeler, Christopher P. Cannon, Hong Zhang, Bernard Zinman, Vlado Perkovic, Adeera Levin, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Meg Jardine, Barry M. Brenner, Tom Greene, Meg J. Jardine, Gary Meininger, Nicole Li, Inna Kolesnyk, Diego Aizenberg, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, David Cherney, Gregorio Obrador, Glenn Chertow, Tara Chang, Carmel Hawley, Linong Ji, Takashi Wada, Vivekanand Jha, Soo Kun Lim, Mary Anne Lim-Abrahan, Florence Santos, Dong-Wan Chae, Shang-Jyh Hwang, Evgueniy Vazelov, Ivan Rychlík, Samy Hadjadj, Vera Krane, László Rosivall, Luca De Nicola, Alexander Dreval, Michał Nowicki, Adalbert Schiller, Larry Distiller, Jose L. Górriz, Mykola Kolesnyk, null David, C. Wheeler, Rodolfo Andres Ahuad Guerrero, Juan Pablo Albisu, Andres Alvarisqueta, Ines Bartolacci, Mario Alberto Berli, Anselmo Bordonava, Pedro Calella, Maria Cecilia Cantero, Luis Rodolfo Cartasegna, Esteban Cercos, Gabriela Cecilia Coloma, Hugo Colombo, Victor Commendatore, Jesus Cuadrado, Carlos Alberto Cuneo, Ana Maria Cusumano, Walter Guillermo Douthat, Ricardo Dario Dran, Eduardo Farias, Maria Florencia Fernandez, Hernan Finkelstein, Guillermo Fragale, Jose Osvaldo Fretes, Nestor Horacio Garcia, Anibal Gastaldi, Elizabeth Gelersztein, Jorge Archibaldo Glenny, Joaquin Pablo Gonzalez, Patricia del Carmen Gonzalez Colaso, Claudia Goycoa, Gustavo Cristian Greloni, Adrian Guinsburg, Sonia Hermida, Luis Isaias Juncos, Maria Isabel Klyver, Florencia Kraft, Fernando Krynski, Paulina Virginia Lanchiotti, Ricardo Alfonso Leon de la Fuente, Nora Marchetta, Pablo Mele, Silvia Nicolai, Pablo Antonio Novoa, Silvia Ines Orio, Fabian Otreras, Alejandra Oviedo, Pablo Raffaele, Jorge Hector Resk, Lucas Rista, Nelson Rodriguez Papini, Jorgelina Sala, Juan Carlos Santos, Lilia Beatriz Schiavi, Horacio Sessa, Tomas Smith Casabella, Maria Rosa Ulla, Maria Valdez, Augusto Vallejos, Adriana Villarino, Virginia Esther Visco, Alfredo Wassermann, Cesar Javier Zaidman, Ngai Wah Cheung, Carolyn Droste, Ian Fraser, David Johnson, Peak Mann Mah, Kathy Nicholls, David Packham, Joseph Proietto, Anthony Roberts, Simon Roger, Venessa Tsang, Roberto Abrão Raduan, Fernando Augusto Alves da Costa, Celso Amodeo, Luiz Alberto Andreotti Turatti, Rachel Bregman, Fernanda Cristina Camelo Sanches, Luis Henrique Canani, Antônio Roberto Chacra, João Lindolfo Cunha Borges, Sérgio Alberto Cunha Vêncio, Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco, Domingos d’Avila, Evandro de Souza Portes, Pedro de Souza, Luciane Mônica Deboni, Fadlo Fraige Filho, Bruno Geloneze Neto, Marcus Gomes, Suely Keiko Kohara, Elizete Keitel, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Hugo Roberto Kurtz Lisboa, Fabiana Loss de Carvalho Contieri, Rosângela Milagres, Renan Montenegro Junior, Claudia Moreira de Brito, Miguel Nasser Hissa, Ângela Regina Nazario Sabbag, Irene Noronha, Daniel Panarotto, Roberto Pecoits Filho, Márcio Antônio Pereira, Wladmir Saporito, Antonio Scafuto Scotton, Tiago Schuch, Roberto Simões de Almeida, Cássio Slompo Ramos, João Soares Felício, Fernando Thomé, Jean Carlo Tibes Hachmann, Sérgio Yamada, Cesar Yoiti Hayashida, Tarissa Beatrice Zanata Petry, Maria Teresa Zanella, Viktoria Andreeva, Angelina Angelova, Stefan Dimitrov, Veselka Genadieva, Gabriela Genova-Hristova, Kiril Hristozov, Zdravko Kamenov, Atanas Koundurdjiev, Lachezar Lozanov, Viktor Margaritov, Boyan Nonchev, Rangel Rangelov, Alexander Shinkov, Margarita Temelkova, Ekaterina Velichkova, Andrian Yakov, Naresh Aggarwal, Ronnie Aronson, Harpreet Bajaj, Guy Chouinard, James Conway, Serge Cournoyer, Gerald DaRoza, Sacha De Serres, François Dubé, Ronald Goldenberg, Anil Gupta, Milan Gupta, Sam Henein, Hasnain Khandwala, Lawrence Leiter, François Madore, Alan McMahon, Norman Muirhead, Vincent Pichette, Remi Rabasa-Lhoret, Andrew Steele, Navdeep Tangri, Ali Torshizi, Vincent Woo, Nadia Zalunardo, María Alicia Fernández Montenegro, Juan Gonzalo Godoy Jorquera, Marcelo Medina Fariña, Victor Saavedra Gajardo, Margarita Vejar, Nan Chen, Qinkai Chen, Shenglian Gan, Yaozhong Kong, Detian Li, Wenge Li, Xuemei Li, Hongli Lin, Jian Liu, Weiping Lu, Hong Mao, Yan Ren, Weihong Song, Jiao Sun, Lin Sun, Ping Tu, Guixia Wang, Jinkui Yang, Aiping Yin, Xueqing Yu, Minghui Zhao, Hongguang Zheng, Jose Luis Accini Mendoza, Edgar Arcos, Jorge Avendano, Jorge Ernesto Andres Diaz Ruiz, Luis Hernando Garcia Ortiz, Alexander Gonzalez, Eric Hernandez Triana, Juan Diego Higuera, Natalia Malaver, Dora Inés Molina de Salazar, Ricardo Rosero, Monica Alexandra Terront Lozano, Luis Valderrama Cometa, Alex Valenzuela, Ruben Dario Vargas Alonso, Ivan Villegas, Hernan Yupanqui, Dagmar Bartaskova, Petr Barton, Jana Belobradkova, Lenka Dohnalova, Tomas Drasnar, Richard Ferkl, Katarina Halciakova, Vera Klokocnikova, Richard Kovar, Jiri Lastuvka, Martin Lukac, Satu Pesickova, Karel Peterka, Jiri Pumprla, Ivan Rychlik, Frantisek Saudek, Vladimir Tesar, Martin Valis, Pavel Weiner, Stanislav Zemek, Eric Alamartine, Sophie Borot, Bertrand Cariou, Bertrand Dussol, Jean-Pierre Fauvel, Pierre Gourdy, Alexandre Klein, Yannick Le Meur, Alfred Penfornis, Ronan Roussel, Pierre-Jean Saulnier, Eric Thervet, Philippe Zaoui, Volker Burst, Markus Faghih, Grit Faulmann, Hermann Haller, Reinhold Jerwan-Keim, Stephan Maxeiner, Björn Paschen, Georg Plassmann, Ludger Rose, Ronaldo Arturo Gonzalez Orellana, Franklin Paul Haase, Juan Pablo Moreira Diaz, Luis Alberto Ramirez Roca, Jose Antonio Sánchez Arenales, José Vicente Sanchez Polo, Erick Turcios Juarez, Gyongyi Csecsei, Botond Csiky, Peter Danos, Laszlo Deak, Mihaly Dudas, Eleonora Harcsa, Katalin Keltai, Sandor Keresztesi, Krisztian Kiss, Laszlo Konyves, Lajos Major, Margit Mileder, Marta Molnar, Janos Mucsi, Tamas Oroszlan, Ivan Ory, Gyorgy Paragh, Eva Peterfai, Gizella Petro, Katalin Revesz, Robert Takacs, Sandor Vangel, Szilard Vasas, Marianna Zsom, Oomman Abraham, Raju Sree Bhushan, Dewan Deepak, Fernando M. Edwin, Natarajan Gopalakrishnan, Noble Gracious, Alva Hansraj, Dinesh Jain, C.B. Keshavamurthy, Dinesh Khullar, Sahay Manisha, Jayameena Peringat, Narayan Prasad, Rao K. Satyanarayana, Reddy Sreedhar, Melemadathil Sreelatha, Bhimavarapu Sudhakar, Ramesh Chandra Vyasam, Riccardo Bonadonna, Pietro Castellino, Antonio Ceriello, Luca Chiovato, Salvatore De Cosmo, Giuseppe Derosa, Alberto Di Carlo, Graziano Di Cianni, Giovanni Frascà, Giorgio Fuiano, Giovanni Gambaro, Giacomo Garibotto, Carlo Giorda, Fabio Malberti, Marcora Mandreoli, Edoardo Mannucci, Emanuela Orsi, Piermarco Piatti, Domenico Santoro, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Gaetano Serviddio, Andrea Stella, Roberto Trevisan, Anna Maria Veronelli, Luca Zanoli, Hitoshi Akiyama, Hiromi Aoki, Akimichi Asano, Tadashi Iitsuka, Shizuo Kajiyama, Susumu Kashine, Toshio Kawada, Takamoto Kodera, Hiroshi Kono, Kazunori Koyama, Yasuro Kumeda, Shozo Miyauchi, Kazuyuki Mizuyama, Tetsuji Niiya, Hiroko Oishi, Satoshi Ota, Terue Sakakibara, Masahiko Takai, Osamu Tomonaga, Mitsuru Tsujimoto, Masakiyo Wakasugi, Yasushi Wakida, Takayuki Watanabe, Masayo Yamada, Kazuhiro Yanagida, Toshihiko Yanase, Wataru Yumita, Egle Gaupsiene, Dalia Kozloviene, Antanas Navickas, Egle Urbanaviciene, Rohana Abdul Ghani, Khalid Abdul Kadir, Norsiah Ali, Mohd Daud Che Yusof, Chye Lee Gan, Mastura Ismail, Wei Yen Kong, Swee Win Lam, Li Yuan Lee, Chek Loong Loh, Anita Bhajan Manocha, Kee Sing Ng, Nik Nur Fatnoon Nik Ahmad, Vanassa Ratnasingam, Saiful Shahrizal Bin Shudim, Paranthaman Vengadasalam, Luis David Abraira Munoz, Melchor Alpizar Salazar, Juan Baas Cruz, Mario Burgos Soto, Jose Chevaile Ramos, Alfredo Chew Wong, Jose Ricardo Correa Rotter, Tonatiu Diaz Escalante, Favio Edmundo Enriquez Sosa, Fernando Flores Lozano, Luis Fernando Flota Cervera, Paul Frenk Baron, Cecilia Garcia Ballesteros, Jose David Gomez Rangel, Luis Enrique Herrera Jimenez, Sergio Saul Irizar Santana, Fernando Jimenez Flores, Hugo Laviada Molina, Rosa Isela Luna Ceballos, Belia Martin del Campo Blanco, Guadalupe Morales Franco, Oscar Tarsicio Moreno Loza, Cynthia Mustieles Rocha, Gregorio Obrador Vera, Ricardo Orozco Castellanos, Juan Peralta Calcaneo, Miguel Angel Reyes Rosano, Hiromi Rodriguez Pattzi, Juan Rosas Guzman, Isabel Erika Rucker Joerg, Sandra Berenice Saavedra Sanchez, Jose Hector Sanchez Mijangos, Pablo Serrano Sanson, Juan Alfredo Tamayo y Orozco, Eloisa Tellez Chavez, Alejandro Valdes Cepeda, Luis Venegas Carrillo, Juan Villagordoa Mesa, Rolando Zamarripa Escobedo, John Baker, Paul Noonan, Russell Scott, Robert Walker, Edward Watson, Michael Williams, Simon Young, Zaynab Abejuela, Jeimeen Agra, Grace Aquitania, Clodoaido Caringal, Rhea Severina Comia, Lalaine Delos Santos, Olivert Gomez, Cecilia Jimeno, Gerry Tan, Marsha Tolentino, Christy Yao, Yvette Ethel Yap, Ma. Dovie Lallaine Ygpuara, Renata Bijata-Bronisz, Lucyna Hotlos, Andrzej Januszewicz, Barbara Kaczmarek, Anna Kaminska, Lech Lazuka, Andrzej Madej, Stanislaw Mazur, Dorota Mlodawska-Choluj, Michal Nowicki, Grazyna Orlowska-Kowalik, Grazyna Popenda, Barbara Rewerska, Dariusz Sowinski, Liliana Monica Angelescu, Veronica Anghel, Rodica-Ioana Avram, Mihaela-Magdalena Busegeanu, Adriana Cif, Dana Cosma, Carmen Crisan, Luiza Despina Demian, Ioana Emilia Ferariu, Ildiko Halmagyi, Nicolae Hancu, Mircea Munteanu, Doru Negru, Adriana Gabriela Onaca, Ligia Petrica, Amorin Remus Popa, Aurelian-Emil Ranetti, Cristian Serafinceanu, Cristina Toarba, Alina Agafyina, Olga Barbarash, Olga Barysheva, Daniil Chizhov, Vladimir Dobronravov, Irina Glinkina, Elena Grineva, Vladimir Khirmanov, Elena Kolmakova, Tatiana Koroleva, Liudmila Kvitkova, Viacheslav Marasaev, Ashot Mkrtumyan, Tatiana Morugova, Galina Nagibovich, Oleg Nagibovich, Sergei Nedogoda, Irina Osipova, Tatiana Raskina, Yulia Samoylova, Olga Sazonova, Minara Shamkhalova, Elena Shutemova, Yuriy Shwartz, Oleg Uriasyev, Sergey Vorobyev, Anna Zateyshchikova, Dmitry Zateyshshikov, Tatyana Zykova, Slobodan Antic, Miodrag Djordjevic, Aleksandra Kendereski, Katarina Lalic, Nebojsa Lalic, Vesna Popovic-Radinovic, Jana Babikova, Olga Benusova, Ingrid Buganova, Jan Culak, Andrej Dzupina, Jana Dzuponova, Peter Fulop, Adriana Ilavska, Emil Martinka, Zuzana Ochodnicka, Daniel Pella, Iveta Smatanova, Fayzal Ahmed, Aysha Badat, Johannes Breedt, Lawrence Distiller, Vimladhevi Govender, Ravendran Govender, Mukesh Joshi, Jaco Jurgens, Gulam Latiff, Landman Lombard, Mohamed Mookadam, Nomangesi Ngcakani, Hendrik Nortje, Helena Oosthuizen, Larisha Pillay-Ramaya, Hans Prozesky, Jeevren Reddy, Paul Rheeder, Mary Seeber, Young Min Cho, In-Kyung Jeong, Sin Gon Kim, Yeong Hoon Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Min Jeong Kwon, Byung-Wan Lee, JungEun Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee, Moon-Suk Nam, Kook-Hwan Oh, Cheol- Young Park, Sun-Hee Park, Kun Ho Yoon, Pere Alvarez Garcia, Luis Asmarats Mercadal, Clara Barrios, Fernando Cereto Castro, Secundino Cigarran Guldris, Marta Dominguez Lopez, Jesus Egido de los Rios, Gema Fernandez Fresnedo, Antonio Galan Serrano, Isabel Garcia, Francisco Javier Gonzalez Martinez, Jose Esteban Jodar Gimeno, Manuel Lopez Mendoza, Tamara Malek Marin, Cristobal Morales Portillo, Maria Antonia Munar Vila, Manuel Muñoz Torres, Javier Nieto Iglesias, Jonay Pantoja Perez, Merce Perez Vera, Jose M. Portoles Perez, María Angustias Quesada Simón, Rafael Simo Canonge, Alfonso Soto Gonzalez, Manel Terns Riera, Francisco Jose Tinahones Madueno, Mercedes Velo Plaza, Chwen-Tzuei Chang, Lee-Ming Chuang, Te-Lin Hsia, Chang-Hsun Hsieh, Chih-Ching Lin, Yung- Chuan Lu, Wayne H-H Sheu, Olga Barna, Svitlana D. Bilyk, Volodymyr Botsyurko, Iryna Dudar, Ivan Fushtey, Olga Godlevska, Oleksandr Golovchenko, Olga Gyrina, Anatoliy Kazmirchuk, Iuliia Komisarenko, Oleksii Korzh, Nonna Kravchun, Oleg Legun, Borys Mankovskyy, Liliya Martynyuk, Yuriy Mostovoy, Nataliia Pashkovska, Larysa Pererva, Tetyana Pertseva, Oleksandr Samoylov, Ivan Smirnov, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Halyna Tomashkevych, Ivan Topchii, Nadiya Tryshchuk, Vira Tseluyko, Vadym Vizir, Maryna Vlasenko, Tetiana Zlova, Liliia Zub, Salah Abusnana, Mohamed Railey, Kamal Abouglila, Paul Ainsworth, Zishan Ali, Vijayaraman Arutchelvam, Maria Barnard, Srikanth Bellary, Emyr Davies, Mark Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Dawson, Mohsen El Kossi, Patrick English, Donald Fraser, Luigi Gnudi, Anthony Gunstone, Timothy Hall, Wasim Hanif, Alan Jackson, Andrew Johnson, Franklin Joseph, Singhan Krishnan, Mick Kumwenda, Iain MacDougall, Paul Nixon, Joseph O'Hare, Sam Philip, Shenaz Ramtoola, Manish Saxena, Davesh Sennik, Godwin Simon, Baldev Singh, Jeffrey Stephens, Anna Strzelecka, Rehan Symonds, Wayne Turner, Mona Wahba, John Wakeling, David Wheeler, Peter Winocour, Joseph Abdallah, Raied Abdullah, Matthew Abramowitz, Idalia Acosta, Joseph Aiello, Laura Akright, Ayim Akyea-Djamson, Rajendran Alappan, Radica Alicic, Amer Al-Karadsheh, Dale Crawford Allison, Carlos Arauz-Pacheco, Shahabul Arfeen, Ahmed Arif, Moogali Arvind, Naveen Atray, Ahmed Awad, Peggy Barnhill, Elizabeth Barranco, Carlos Barrera, Matthew Beacom, Venkata Behara, Diogo Belo, Rhonda Bentley-Lewis, Ramon Berenguer, Lidia Bermudez, Marializa Bernardo, Mihaela Biscoveanu, Cynthia Bowman-Stroud, Donald Brandon, Osvaldo Brusco, Robert Busch, Yamil Canaan, Alicia Chilito, Tom Christensen, Cynthia Christiano, Elena Christofides, Caroucel Chuateco, Kenneth Cohen, Robert Cohen, Debbie Cohen-Stein, Charles Cook, Daniel Coyne, Nizar Daboul, Riad Darwish, Adarsh Daswani, Kenneth Deck, Cyrus Desouza, Devasmita Dev, Monika Dhillon, Sohan Dua, Frank Eder, Ana Maria Elosegui, Mohamed El-Shahawy, John Ervin, Alberto Esquenazi, John Evans, Steven Fishbane, Juan Frias, Eugenia Galindo-Ramos, Claude Galphin, Adline Ghazi, Enrique Gonzalez, David Gorson, Anupama Gowda, Barbara Greco, Stephen Grubb, Rakesh Gulati, Jamal Hammoud, Stuart Handelsman, Israel Hartman, Kenneth Hershon, Daniel Hiser, George Hon, Radu Jacob, Maria Jaime, Aamir Jamal, Charles Kaupke, Gerald Keightley, Elizabeth Kern, Rakhi Khanna, Zeid Khitan, Sun Kim, Nelson Kopyt, Csaba Kovesdy, Gopal Krishna, Jeffrey (Jay) Kropp, Amrendra Kumar, Jayant Kumar, Neil Kumar, Jorge Kusnir, Wendy Lane, Mary Lawrence, Lawrence Lehrner, John Lentz, Dennis Levinson, Derek Lewis, Kenneth Liss, Andreas Maddux, Hiralal Maheshwari, Sreedhar Mandayam, Isam Marar, Bhasker Mehta, John Middleton, Jorge Mordujovich, Ramon Moreda, Moustafa Moustafa, Samuel Mujica Trenche, Mohanram Narayanan, Javier Narvarte, Tareq Nassar, George Newman, Brian Nichol, Philip Nicol, Josier Nisnisan, A. Kaldun Nossuli, Chamberlain Obialo, Sarah Olelewe, Michael Oliver, Andrew O'Shaughnessy, John Padron, Rohit Pankhaniya, Reginald Parker, Devesh Patel, Gnyandev Patel, Nina Patel, Humberto Pavon, Armando Perez, Carlos Perez, Alan Perlman, Karlton Pettis, Walter Pharr, Andrea Phillips, Raman Purighalla, Luis Quesada-Suarez, Rajiv Ranjan, Sanjeev Rastogi, Jakkidi Reddy, Marc Rendell, Lisa Rich, Michael Robinson, Hector Rodriguez, Sylvia Rosas, Fadi Saba, Rallabhandi Sankaram, Ravi Sarin, Robert Schreiman, David Scott, Mohamed Sekkarie, John Sensenbrenner, Muhammad Shakeel, Michael Shanik, Sylvia Shaw, Stephen Smith, Richard Solomon, Amy Sprague, Leslie Spry, Pusadee Suchinda, Senan Sultan, Prasanth Surampudi, Sherry Sussman, Anjanette Tan, Antonio Terrelonge, Michael Thompson, Fernando Trespalacios, Bruce Trippe, Pilar Trueba, Marcel Twahirwa, John Updegrove, Peter Van Buren, Mark Vannorsdall, Freemu Varghese, Pedro Velasquez-Mieyer, Sailaja Ventrapragada, Goga Vukotic, Khurram Wadud, Mark Warren, Henry Watson, Ronald Watts, Daniel Weiner, James Welker, Jean Welsh, Shelley Williams, and Michelle Zaniewski-Singh

Subjects
age, diabetes, Nephrology, kidney outcomes, sex, Diabetic kidney disease, canagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, chronic kidney disease, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
Abstract

Rationale & Objective: It is unclear whether the effect of canagliflozin on adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in those with diabetic kidney disease varies by age and sex. We assessed the effects of canagliflozin among age group categories and between sexes in the Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) study.Study Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Setting & Participants: Participants in the CREDENCE trial.Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to receive canagliflozin 100 mg/d or placebo.Outcomes: Primary composite outcome of kidney failure, doubling of serum creatinine concentration, or death due to kidney or cardiovascular disease. Prespecified secondary and safety outcomes were also analyzed. Outcomes were evaluated by age at baseline (Results: The mean age of the cohort was 63.0 ± 9.2 years, and 34% were female. Older age and female sex were independently associated with a lower risk of the composite of adverse kidney outcomes. There was no evidence that the effect of canagliflozin on the primary outcome (a composite of kidney failure, a doubling of serum creatinine concentration, or death from kidney or cardiovascular causes) differed between age groups (HRs, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52-0.87], 0.63 [0.48-0.82], and 0.89 [0.61-1.29] for ages Limitations: This was a post hoc analysis with multiple comparisons.Conclusions: Canagliflozin consistently reduced the relative risk of kidney events in people with diabetic kidney disease in both sexes and across age subgroups. As a result of greater background risk, the absolute reduction in adverse kidney outcomes was greater in younger participants.Funding: This post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial was not funded. The CREDENCE study was sponsored by Janssen Research and Development and was conducted collaboratively by the sponsor, an academic-led steering committee, and an academic research organization, George Clinical.Trial Registration: The original CREDENCE trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT02065791.

Published
2023
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22. Disparities in Chronic Pain Experience and Treatment History Among Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study

Author

Angelle M. Sander, Michael Williams, Karina Loyo, Luis Leon-Novelo, Esther Ngan, Dawn Neumann, Stephanie Agtarap, Aaron M. Martin, Jeanne Hoffman, Kelsey Christensen, Robin Hanks, and Flora M. Hammond

Subjects
Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Neurology (clinical)
Published
2023
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28. Ecosystem‐level effects of re‐oligotrophication and N:P imbalances in rivers and estuaries on a global scale

Author

Carles Ibáñez, Nuno Caiola, José Barquín, Oscar Belmar, Xavier Benito‐Granell, Frederic Casals, Siobhan Fennessy, Jocelyne Hughes, Margaret Palmer, Josep Peñuelas, Estela Romero, Jordi Sardans, Michael Williams, Producció Animal, Aigües Marines i Continentals, and Universidad de Cantabria

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Primary producers, Cascading effects, Phosphorus, Oligotrophicatio, Oligotrophication, Stoichiometry, Aigua, Estequiometria, Ecosystem shift, Productivitat primària (Biologia), Environmental Chemistry, Running waters, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Trends and ecological consequences of phosphorus (P) decline and increasing nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (N:P) ratios in rivers and estuaries are reviewed and discussed. Results suggest that re-oligotrophication is a dominant trend in rivers and estuaries of high-income countries in the last two-three decades, while in low-income countries widespread eutrophication occurs. The decline in P is well documented in hundreds of rivers of United States and the European Union, but the biotic response of rivers and estuaries besides hytoplankton decline such as trends in phytoplankton composition, changes in primary production, ecosystem shifts, cascading effects, changes in ecosystem metabolism, etc., have not been sufficiently monitored and investigated, neither the effects of N:P imbalance. N:P imbalance has significant ecological effects that need to be further investigated. There is a growing number of cases in which phytoplankton biomass have been shown to decrease due to re-oligotrophication, but the potential regime shift from phytoplankton to macrophyte dominance described in shallow lakes has been documented only in a few rivers and estuaries yet. The main reasons why regime shifts are rarely described in rivers and estuaries are, from one hand the scarcity of data on macrophyte cover trends, and from the otherhand physical factors such as peak flows or high turbidity that could prevent a general spread of submerged macrophytes as observed in shallow lakes. Moreover, re-oligotrophication effects on rivers may be different compared to lakes (e.g., lower dominance of macrophytes) or estuaries (e.g., limitation of primary production by N instead of P) or may be dependent on river/estuary type. We conclude that river and estuary re-oligotrophication effects are complex, diverse and still little known, and in some cases are equivalent to those described in shallow lakes, but the regime shift is more likely to occur in mid to high-order rivers and shallow estuaries. This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (#DBI-1639145) to the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (Rivershift Project). The work was also financially supported by the Catalan Government through the funding grant ACCIÓ-Eurecat (Project AquaSCI-2022).

Published
2022
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29. Biological Materials, Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticle and Their Prospective Applications for Energy Dissipation (Case Study — Wonderful Kola Seeds)

Author

Morakinyo Deborah Aderonke, Moses George, Cletus Udeaghulu, Olumide Fadahunsi, A. Oyeneyin Ope, Adams Luqman, Tukur Umar Yahaya, Adeyemi David Kehinde, J. A. Owolabi, Bozegha Deinyefa, Ibitoye Ayo Zacchaeus, Oluwadamilola Michael Williams, Adeneye Samuel Olaoluwa, Ibrahim Madu, Amadi Udu, Azeez Mobolaji, Oladipupo Akolade Ridwan, and Emmanuel Kolade Ogunbiyi

Subjects
Structural Biology, Biophysics, Molecular Biology
Abstract

This research paper briefly describes the analytical and experimental utilizations of data generated from plant (wonderful kola seeds), natural resources (distilled water), organic material (iron chloride salt) and plant-mediated synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in a bid to understudy their applications and economic relevance. The data extrapolated from the characterization phase were theoretically, chemically and statistically analyzed as a result of comparison with other data set obtained from relatively published articles or journals, which are in line with nuclear applications and energy generation. The data (generated from the experimental procedure) were converted to energy calibrated values in Mega-electron Volt (MeV).

Published
2022
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30. Measuring the success of cross-tenure collaborative weed management: insights codeveloped with practitioners

Author

Sonia Graham, Megan Wyllie, Mel Wilkerson, Michael Williams, Angela Sharp, Hillary Cherry, Paul Martin, Rebecca Campbell, and Gina Hawkes

Subjects
Plant Science
Abstract

There is limited documentation of cross-tenure collaborative weed management programs, and no consistent set of metrics for evaluating their performance. In this study, 12 weed management practitioners in southeast Australia participated in a qualitative social research project to discuss and document examples of cross-tenure collaborative weed management and critically reflect on whether existing metrics are suitable for evaluating the performance of their programs. Analysis of focus group discussions, project documentation, subsequent reflections, and review of the literature reveal that weed management practitioners, in Australia and elsewhere, mostly rely on metrics that measure weed management inputs, such as herbicides, labor, and costs. Metrics used to evaluate social outcomes focus on benefits for individuals rather than social relationships or achievement of equitable outcomes. Social research on collaborative governance and social science methods more broadly, such as social network analysis and collective narratives, could be used by weed management practitioners to better evaluate and explain social–ecological outcomes over time.

Published
2022
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33. Impact of Chinese Capital Outflows on Bitcoin vs. Yuan Relationships: A Multi-Period Analysis

Author

Michael Williams, Mucahit Kochan, and David Green

Abstract

We examine the relationships among Bitcoin (BTC), the Chinese Yuan (CNY), and Chinese capital outflows between 2014-2021. We find that BTC returns strongly comove with CNY returns after 2018Q1, while no significant BTC/CNY relationship exists before 2018Q1. Further, the strength of the BTC/CNY relationship increases throughout 2018 to the present date. Yet, this relationship strength cannot be explained by periods of ascending BTC prices, changes in crypto mining location, nor changes in the use of BTC "mining pools". Instead, we find that the strength of the BTC/CNY relationship is strongly and directly related to Chinese capital outflows. We find no similar relationship with a "bogey" currency, the Euro, implying that the capital outflows -to- BTC/CNY relationship is unique to China and its capital outflow environment. In total, our novel results suggest that BTC is used as part of a process to move economically significant amounts of capital from mainland China.

Published
2022
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34. Meaningful coproduction with clinicians: establishing a practice-based research network with physiotherapists in regional Australia

Author

Connor Patrick Gleadhill, Christopher Michael Williams, Steven Kamper, Katarzyna Bolsewicz, Andrew Delbridge, Benjamin Mahon, Bruce Donald, Caitlin Delore, Craig Boettcher, David Renfrew, Joshua Manvell, Katherine Dooley, Michael Byrne, Nicole Manvell, Toby Watson, Andrew Makaroff, Benedicta Gibbs, Christopher Barnett, Michael Corrigan, Murray Leyland, Nicholas Mullen, Ryan Gallagher, Samuel Zelinski, Steven Lamond, Travis Maude, Simon Davidson, Emma Robson, and Priscilla Viana Da Silva

Subjects
Health Policy
Abstract

Background The disconnect between research and clinical practice leads to research evidence that is often not useful for clinical practice. Practice-based research networks are collaborations between researchers and clinicians aimed at coproducing more useful research. Such networks are rare in the physiotherapy field. We aimed to describe (i) clinicians’ motivations behind, and enablers to, participating in a network, (ii) the process of network establishment and (iii) research priorities for a practice-based network of physiotherapists in the Hunter Region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia that supports research coproduction. Methods We describe the methods and outcomes of the three steps we used to establish the network. Step 1 involved consultation with local opinion leaders and a formative evaluation to understand clinicians’ motivations behind, and enablers to, participating in a network. Step 2 involved establishment activities to generate a founding membership group and codesign a governance model. Step 3 involved mapping clinical problems through a workshop guided by systems thinking theory with local stakeholders and prioritizing research areas. Results Through formative evaluation focus groups, we generated five key motivating themes and three key enablers for physiotherapists’ involvement in the network. Establishment activities led to a founding membership group (n = 29, 67% from private practice clinics), a network vision and mission statement, and a joint governance group (9/13 [70%] are private practice clinicians). Our problem-mapping and prioritization process led to three clinically relevant priority research areas with the potential for significant change in practice and patient outcomes. Conclusions Clinicians are motivated to break down traditional siloed research generation and collaborate with researchers to solve a wide array of issues with the delivery of care. Practice-based research networks have promise for both researchers and clinicians in the common goal of improving patient outcomes.

Published
2023
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35. Patch Area and Uniform Sampling on the Surface of Any Ellipsoid

Author

Callum Robert Marples and Philip Michael Williams

Abstract

Algorithms for generating uniform random points on a triaxial ellipsoid are non-trivial to verify because of the non-analytical form of the surface area. In this paper, a formula for the surface area of an ellipsoidal patch is derived in the form of a one-dimensional numerical integration problem, where the integrand is expressed using elliptic integrals. In addition, analytical formulae were obtained for the special case of a spheroid. The triaxial ellipsoid formula was used to calculate patch areas to investigate a set of surface sampling algorithms. Particular attention was paid to the efficiency of these methods. The results of this investigation show that the most efficient algorithm depends on the required coordinate system. For Cartesian coordinates, the gradient rejection sampling algorithm of Chen and Glotzer is best suited to this task, when paired with Marsaglia's method for generating points on a unit sphere. For outputs in polar coordinates, it was found that a surface area rejection sampler is preferable.

Published
2023
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36. Adoptive transfer of gestational diabetic CD4+T cells cause increased glucose, blood pressure, and placental mitochondrial dysfunction in a novel rat model of diabetes during pregnancy

Author

Evangeline Deer, Jan Michael Williams, Owen Herrock, Nathan Campbell, Tyler Johnson, Mariah Wilson, Lorena Amaral, and Babbette LaMarca

Subjects
Physiology
Abstract

Hypertensive (HTN) disorders of pregnancy complicate approximately 10% of all pregnancies worldwide and contribute to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. HTN increases risks for preeclampsia and preterm labor in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), thereby indicating the importance of controlling maternal glucose and blood pressure during pregnancy. GDM is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and beta-islet cell dysfunction causing characteristics of diabetes. Additionally, increased levels of inflammatory mediators, abnormal placental vascular function, and cytokines are associated with the pathogenesis of GDM, however, the importance of placental factors or inflammatory cells and cytokines in causing HTN or other pathophysiological factors associated with GDM is unknown. We hypothesize that placental CD4+ T cells from pregnant DM patients (GDM) causes a DM phenotype in normal pregnant (NP) athymic nude rats. CD4+ T cells were magnetically isolated from placentas from GDM patients and injected into NP athymic nude rats on Gestation Day (GD) 12. On GD19, blood pressure (MAP), blood and tissues were collected and glucose was measured from both GDM CD4+ T cell recipients and NP nude control rats. Placental mitochondrial respiration and mtROS were measured as indicators of tissue function from isolated placental mitochondria using the Oxygraph 2K and fluorescent microplate reader, respectively. In another set of animals, a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed. A student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. On GD19, MAP increased to 117±5.3 mmHg (n=3) in GDM T cell recipients compared to control pregnant athymic nude rats 102±0.0 mmHg (n=5). Blood glucose levels were elevated with GDM CD4+ T cells (275 ± 80 mg/dl, n=3, p This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants R01 HD 067541 06 (B.L.) and P20 GM 121334 (L.M.A. and B.L.). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Published
2023
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39. Kaplan’s Way with Skepticism

Author

Michael Williams

Subjects
Philosophy
Abstract

Austin is not much in fashion these days. In Austin’s Way with Skepticism, Mark Kaplan swims against the current, arguing that Austin still has much to teach us about how to do epistemology. Methodologically, Austin’s insistence on fidelity to ordinary ways of talking about knowledge is a non-negotiable constraint on epistemological theorizing. Substantively, Austin has important things to say about knowledge. But while I am fully in accord with the spirit of Kaplan’s enterprise, I take Austin to occupy a more radical position: that getting the linguistic facts straight should lead us to call into question the very idea of a theory of knowledge, at least as ‘theory of knowledge’ has traditionally been understood.

Published
2022
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41. Outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in patients with concomitant blunt thoracic aortic injury and traumatic brain injury from the Aortic Trauma Foundation global registry

Author

Cassra N. Arbabi, Joseph DuBose, Benjamin W. Starnes, Naveed Saqib, Elina Quiroga, Charles Miller, Ali Azizzadeh, Kristofer Charlton-Ouw, Rana Afifi, Michelle McNutt, Zain Al-Rustum, Binod Shrestha, Ben Starnes, Rami Gilani, David Turay, Xian Luo-Owen, Tiffany Bee, Suzanne Moyer, Joe DuBose, William Shutze, William Dockery, Laura Petrey, Timothy N. Phelps, Chuck Fox, Ernest Moore, Alexis Cralley, Pedro Teixeira, Emily Leede, Frank Buchanan, Emilio Ramos, Marielle Ngoue, Nicole Fox, Lisa Shea, Martin Zielinski, Marianna Martini Fischmann, Kenji Inaba, Desmond Khor, Gregory Magee, Malachi Sheahan, Marie Unruh, Neil Parry, Luc Dubois, John Berne, Ivan Puente, Mario F. Gomez, Dalier R. Mederos, John Bini, Karen Herzing, Claire Hardman, Andres Schanzer, Francesco Aiello, Edward Arous, Elias Arous, Douglas Jones, Dejah Judelson, Louis Messina, Tammy Nguyen, Jessica Simons, Robert Steppacher, Joao Rezende-Neto, James Haan, Kelly Lightwine, Julie Dunn, Brittany Smoot, Tal Horer, David McGreevy, Vincent Riambau, Gaspar Mestres, Xavier Yugueros, Marc Passman, Adam W. Beck, Mark Patterson, Ben Pearce, Emily Spangler, Graeme McFarland, Danielle Sutzko, Matt Smeds, Emad Zakhary, Michael Williams, Catherine Wittgen, Todd Vogel, Matt Eagleton, Bruce Gewertz, Galinos Barmparas, Cassra Arbabi, Rishi Kundi, Jonathan Morrison, Peter Rossi, Davide Pacini, Luca Botta, Ciro Amodio, Pierantonio Rimoldi, Ilenia D'Alessio, Nicola Monzio Compagnoni, Muhammad Aftab, Mohammed Al-Musawi, T. Brett Reece, Jay D. Pal, Donald Jacobs, Rafael D. Malgor, Devin Zarkowsky, Ravi Rajani, Jaime Benarroch-Gampel, Christopher R. Ramos, Marc Schermerhorn, Mark Wyers, Allen Hamdan, Lars Stangenberg, Andy Lee, Mark Davies, Lalithapriya (Priya) Jayakumar, Matthew J. Sideman, Christopher Mitromaras, Dimitrios Miserlis, Reshma Brahmbhatt, Ralph Darling, Xzabia Caliste, Benjamin B. Chang, Jeffrey C. Hnath, Paul B. Kreienberg, Alexander Kryszuk, Adriana Laser, Sean P. Roddy, Stephanie Saltzberg, Melissa Shah, Courtney Warner, Chin-Chin Yeh, Viktor Reva, Viktor Zhigalo, Alexander V. Krasikov, Santi Trimarchi, Maurizio Domanin, Trissa Babrowski, Ross Milner, Luka Pocivavsek, Christopher Skelly, Kimberly Malka, Brian Nolan, Mario D’Oria, and Sandro Lepidi

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Thoracic Injuries, Traumatic brain injury, Clinical Decision-Making, Hemodynamics, Aorta, Thoracic, Wounds, Nonpenetrating, Risk Assessment, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, Postoperative Complications, Blunt, Risk Factors, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Prospective Studies, Registries, Stroke, Multiple Trauma, business.industry, Endovascular Procedures, Middle Aged, Vascular System Injuries, Vascular surgery, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Blood pressure, Concomitant, Injury Severity Score, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) are the top two leading causes of death after blunt force trauma. Patients presenting with concomitant BTAI and TBI pose a specific challenge with respect to management strategy, because the optimal hemodynamic parameters are conflicting between the two pathologies. Early thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is often performed, even for minimal aortic injuries, to allow for the higher blood pressure parameters required for TBI management. However, the optimal timing of TEVAR for the treatment of BTAI in patients with concomitant TBI remains an active matter of controversy.The Aortic Trauma Foundation international prospective multicenter registry was used to identify all patients who had undergone TEVAR for BTAI in the setting of TBI from 2015 to 2020. The primary outcomes included delayed ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, in-hospital mortality, and aortic-related mortality. The outcomes were examined among patients who had undergone TEVAR at emergent (6 vs ≥6 hours) or urgent (24 vs ≥24 hours) intervals.A total of 100 patients (median age, 43 years; 79% men; median injury severity score, 41) with BTAI (Society for Vascular Surgery BTAI grade 1, 3%; grade 2, 10%; grade 3, 78%; grade 4, 9%) and concomitant TBI who had undergone TEVAR were identified. Emergent repair was performed for 51 patients (51%). Comparing emergent repair (6 hours) to urgent repair (≥6 hours), no difference was found in delayed cerebral ischemic events (2.0% vs 4.1%; P = .614), in-hospital mortality (15.7% vs 22.4%; P = .389), or aortic-related mortality (2.0% vs 2.0%; P = .996) and no patient had experienced delayed hemorrhagic stroke. Likewise, repairs conducted in an urgent (24 hours) setting showed no differences compared with those completed in an emergent (≥24 hours) setting regarding delayed ischemic stroke (2.6% vs 4.3%; P = .548), in-hospital mortality (18.2% vs 21.7%; P = .764), or aortic-related mortality (1.3% vs 4.3%; P = .654), and no patient had experienced delayed hemorrhagic stroke.In contrast to prior retrospective efforts, results from the Aortic Trauma Foundation international prospective multicenter registry have demonstrated that neither emergent nor urgent TEVAR for patients with concomitant BTAI and TBI was associated with delayed stroke, in-hospital mortality, or aortic-related mortality. In these patients, the timing of TEVAR did not have an effect on the outcomes. Therefore, the decision to intervene should be guided by individual patient factors rather than surgical timing.

Published
2022
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42. Psychological aspects of living with an artificial eye

Author

Donal, McCullagh, Nicholas, Puls, Michele, Beaconsfield, Martin, Dempster, Jonathan, Jackson, and Michael, Williams

Subjects
Ophthalmology, Depression, Eye, Artificial, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Anxiety, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

Artificial eye clinics address physical and aesthetic aspects of orbital prostheses, but psychological effects may not be formally addressed. In general, without effective coping mechanisms, stress can lead to anxiety and depression. This study aims to determine, in the context of having an artificial eye, whether coping strategies, as well as perception of illness and other demographic and clinical variables are associated with anxiety or depression.Consecutive patients attending two artificial eye clinics were invited to participate in this audit. Participants completed questionnaires: HADS, Brief IPQ and Brief COPE. Variables with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.2 with anxiety or depression were included in regression modeling. The extent to which the participants' emotional and cognitive representations of their artificial eye related to feelings of anxiety and depression was determined.In the cohort of 208, clinically significant anxiety was present in 29.5% and clinically significant depression was present in 8.4%. Perceptions of the impact of the artificial eye and self-blame as a coping strategy were correlated with anxiety. Depression levels were higher when participants believed that their artificial eye had a greater impact on their life, when they lived alone, and when they used substances as a coping strategy.Significant levels of anxiety exist in those living with artificial eyes, with various coping strategies used. Addressing this and offering alternative coping strategies may improve patient well being and overall satisfaction.

Published
2022
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44. Supplementary Data 1 from CEP-32496: A Novel Orally Active BRAFV600E Inhibitor with Selective Cellular and In Vivo Antitumor Activity

Author

Mark W. Holladay, Shripad S. Bhagwat, Michael Williams, Bruce D. Dorsey, Raffaella Faraoni, Julius L. Apuy, Mark A. Ator, Darren E. Insko, Mehran Yazdanian, Dana Gitnick, Mangeng Cheng, Ronald R. Nepomuceno, Kathryn Hunter, Merryl D. Cramer, Hugh Zhao, Michael F. Gardner, Pawel Dobrzanski, Ruwanthi N. Gunawardane, Susan Jones-Bolin, Martin W. Rowbottom, Robert C. Armstrong, Bruce Ruggeri, and Joyce James

Abstract

PDF file - 74K, CEP-32496 Supplemental Data.

Published
2023
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45. Robust immunogenicity of a third BNT162b2 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a naïve New Zealand cohort

Author

Brittany Lavender, Caitlin Hooker, Chris Frampton, Michael Williams, Simon Carson, Aimee Paterson, Reuben McGregor, Nicole J. Moreland, Katie Gell, Frances H. Priddy, Kjesten Wiig, Graham Le Gros, James E. Ussher, and Maia Brewerton

Abstract

The ability of a third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to stimulate immune responses against subvariants, including Omicron BA.1, has not been assessed in New Zealand populations. Unlike many overseas populations, New Zealanders were largely infection naïve at the time they were boosted. This adult cohort of 298 participants, oversampled for at-risk populations, was composed of 29% Māori and 28% Pacific peoples, with 40% of the population aged 55+. A significant proportion of the cohort was obese and presented with at least one comorbidity. Sera were collected 28 days and 6 months post second vaccination and 28 days post third vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titres and neutralising capacity using surrogate viral neutralisation assays against variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1, were investigated. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, within our cohort, prior to third vaccination was very low (

Published
2023
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50. Pyroclastic density currents explain far-reaching and diverse seafloor impacts of the 2022 Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai eruption

Author

Sarah Seabrook, Kevin Mackay, Sally Watson, Michael Clare, James Hunt, Isobel Yeo, Emily Lane, Malcolm Clark, Richard Wysoczanski, Ashley Rowden, Linn Hoffmann, Evelyn Armstrong, and Michael Williams

Abstract

The impacts of large terrestrial volcanic eruptions are apparent from satellite monitoring and direct observations1,2. However, more than three quarters of all volcanoes worldwide lie submerged beneath the ocean and the risks they pose to people and infrastructure remain poorly understood due to inaccessibility and a lack of detailed observations before and after eruptions3. Here, comparing data acquired in 2015-20174,5 and three months after the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai, we document the wide-reaching and diverse impacts of the largest seaborne volcanic eruption in nearly 150 years6. Almost 10 km3 of seafloor material was removed during the eruption, most of which was redeposited within 20 km of the caldera by long run-out pyroclastic currents. These powerful currents damaged seafloor cables over a length of >100 km, reshaped the seafloor, and caused mass-mortality of seafloor life. Biological seafloor communities that survived the eruption were only observed where local topography provided a physical barrier to pyroclastic currents (e.g., on nearby seamounts). While the longer-term consequences of such a large eruption for human, ecological and climatic systems are emerging, we expect that these previously-undocumented refugia will play a key role in longer-term ecosystem recovery7–9.

Published
2023
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