35 results on '"Middle East conflict"'
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2. Issues of LNG producing companies entering the eastern markets and ways to overcome them
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F. A. Ostroumov and V. Ya. Afanasiev
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problems of lng companies ,manufacturers of lng ,development of lng market ,lng market ,lng ,еastern lng markets ,middle east conflict ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
This article is devoted to identifying the features of the еastern liquefied natural gas (hereinafter referred to as LNG) markets and new opportunities for entering them. The purpose of this article is to study the problems of LNG producing companies entering the еastern markets and ways to overcome them. The work analyses the current state of the еastern LNG markets and their development prospects, existing barriers, including those caused by the conflict in the Middle East, and possible consequences of the escalation of the conflict. The authors consider the issues of developing localised infrastructure and technological solutions that increase the efficiency of supply chains, meet specific market needs and provide a competitive advantage in the еastern markets. Logframe and comparative analysis, systems approach, and modelling have been used in the research process. As a result, the study has identified a number of challenges for LNG producers, primarily related to geopolitical complexities, regulatory environment, and market development dynamics, to innovations, ecological norms, and understanding regional tensions that may impact supply chains and trade agreements. The findings of the article can be used when domestic companies develop strategies to enter the еastern LNG markets with existing contracts or expand them.
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- 2024
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3. Politische Bekenntnisse und kritische Wissenschaft: Zum Verhältnis von Rassismuskritik und wissenschaftlicher Kritik.
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Zulaica y Mugica, Miguel and Wigger, Lothar
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RACISM , *EDUCATION research , *ISLAMOPHOBIA , *CRITICISM , *POSTCOLONIALISM - Abstract
The article "Political Commitments and Critical Science: On the Relationship between Criticism of Racism and Scientific Criticism" discusses the relationship between criticism of racism and scientific criticism in educational research. Various theoretical approaches and variants of criticism in educational science are presented and analyzed. In addition, the polarized public discussion on the Middle East conflict is addressed and its impact on the sciences is examined. The article uses a case study to illustrate the differences between a criticism of racism and a distant interpretation, and discusses the relationship between analysis and criticism. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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4. Der Gazakrieg und seine Folgen für den Nahen Osten.
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Hermann, Rainer
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ARAB-Israeli conflict ,MILITARY science ,CRITICISM ,VIOLENCE - Abstract
Copyright of SIRIUS - Zeitschrift fur Strategische Analysen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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5. The political partnership between Israel and authoritarian Uruguay, 1972–1980.
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Leibner, Gerardo
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PUBLIC opinion , *COUNTERINSURGENCY , *JEWS , *DICTATORSHIP , *HUMAN rights - Abstract
Between 1972 and 1980, Israel and authoritarian Uruguay developed a political partnership based on their shared self-perception as misunderstood Western bastions fighting terrorism and the proxies of communist expansion, as well as shared concerns about détente and Western human rights discourse. While Uruguay remained the most consequential anti-PLO South American regime, Israel helped the Uruguayan dictatorship manipulate public opinion and cover up antisemitism and Nazi sympathies within its repressive apparatus. When dealing with the effects of Uruguayan repression of leftist Jews, Israeli diplomats tended to prioritise their alliance with the regime over their ethnic-ideological commitment to Jewish solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Les Troubles et le conflit au Moyen-Orient : alliances coloniales et solidarité transnationale.
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Louvet, Marie-Violaine
- Abstract
Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
7. Metaphors in Japanese News Coverage of the Middle East Conflict in 2024
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Hanifa, Fahma Amalia, Trahutami, Sriwahyu Istana, Striełkowski, Wadim, Editor-in-Chief, Black, Jessica M., Series Editor, Butterfield, Stephen A., Series Editor, Chang, Chi-Cheng, Series Editor, Cheng, Jiuqing, Series Editor, Dumanig, Francisco Perlas, Series Editor, Al-Mabuk, Radhi, Series Editor, Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, Series Editor, Urban, Mathias, Series Editor, Webb, Stephen, Series Editor, Nur Pramudyo, Gani, editor, Khumairoh, Izmy, editor, and Widyawati, Marta, editor
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- 2024
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8. 'Political Islam'—A Contested Term
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Tausch, Arno and Tausch, Arno
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- 2023
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9. Israeli preemptive use of military force in the six-day war of 1967
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Radonjić Dušan M.
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preemptive war ,israel ,middle east conflict ,attitude prism ,holocaust ,History (General) and history of Europe ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The Six-Day War of 1967 was a war conflict almost unanimously defined in the scientific literature as a school example of preemptive war. The conflict was initiated with Israel's attack on Egypt and Syria, after prolonged concentration of strong military forces on their common borders by the two countries. In order to prevent joint and coordinated attack on two fronts, Israel destroyed the Egyptian and Syrian Air Force with a carefully planned airstrike in the matter of hours. Since the founding of the State, the Israeli political and military elite have been guided by a collective narrative in addressing serious security threats. This narrative is based on drawing historical parallels with the experience of collective political violence against Jews as a political community in the past. It dictates proactivity in the protection of national interests and national security, and over time it has manifested itself in various ways. The Israeli army, as well as other security branches, have acted preemptively and preventively many times whenever the need to protect the lives and property of Israeli citizens arose. In the eyes of the Israeli political and military elite each of the mentioned above security threats was placed in the context of the German attempt to exterminate the Jews in WW2. Regardless of our attitudes towards the Middle East conflict, the fact remains that Israel's survival was most threatened in 1948 and 1973, that is, the only two times when Israel was not the first to attack its enemies who grouped against it.
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- 2023
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10. Conflito Israel x Palestina e o modo de endereçamento do Jornal Nacional: a organização temática da edição que noticiou o ataque.
- Author
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BEVILAQUA, Leire
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Comunicação Midiática is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
11. Romania's Foreign Policy in the Middle East during the Cold War: The Communist Leadership's Quest for Legitimacy and the Origin of of Nicolae Ceau§escu's Wish to Win the Nobel Peace Prize.
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DOBRE, MIHAIL
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NOBEL Peace Prize , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *ARAB-Israeli peace process , *SMALL states - Abstract
There are times when small nations can make "great history," and after 1964 Romania made such a history for a decade or so. The communist government in Bucharest--and to a far lesser extent the Romanian people--benefited from the international perception that its foreign policy was able to generate in the specific environment of the Cold War. The honors with which Nicolae Ceausescu was received everywhere in the civilized world were the most visible expression of this state of affairs. A key dimension of the Romanian foreign policy was its focus on the crisis in the Middle East. The Bucharest leadership was widely praised for intermediating the contacts between Israel and Egypt, which ultimately led to the signing of the 1978 Camp David Accords. The reasons behind this foreign policy of the Bucharest regime arc investigated in-depth, as the Romanian leaders themselves surprisingly stated that they were not mediators in that crisis, while investing a great deal of energy and resources in finding a solution to it. One interesting explanation arose from the archives of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which ascribes Ceausescu's efforts in the Middle East to the elusive dream of gaining the international recognition brought by the Nobel Peace Prize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. With and without Jews: Two families of antisemitism concepts
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Peter Ullrich
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antisemitism ,definition ,working definition antisemitism ,ihra ,middle east conflict ,structural antisemitism ,israel-related antisemitism ,communication latency ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Behind the dispute about definitions of antisemitism we can detect a deep conceptual divide. The paper outlines the development of two distinct and incommensurable families of concepts of antisemitism: substantial and abstract-formal concepts. The semantic core of substantial concepts consists in hostility towards Jews (or Judaism) as Jews (where Jews may also be replaced by substitutes like Israel). In the recent past, mediated by bridging concepts like communication latency, abstract-formal concepts of antisemitism have emerged. In certain forms of criticism towards Israel these concepts consider antisemitic they merely see a historical connection to hatred of Jews. However, hostility towards Jews is no longer a necessary property of the concept. This axiomatic divide blocks the research on and the fight against antisemitism on an analytical and ethical level. What is needed is transparency about the basis of the conversation and a recognition that these two families of concepts exist.
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- 2022
13. Populism and Euro-Mediterranean cooperation: The Barcelona Process 25 years after
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Woertz, Eckart, Soler i Lecha, Eduard, Woertz, Eckart, and Soler i Lecha, Eduard
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A populist surge in Europe is affecting Euro-Mediterranean cooperation 25 years after the Barcelona Process was launched, reinforcing existing trends of de-Europeanization and renationalization of foreign policies. This article analyses the landscape of political contestation of Mediterranean cooperation in Europe in a new age of populism, focusing on France, Italy and Spain as well as the Visegrad 4 states that have turned from bystanders to veto players in Mediterranean affairs. We find that the 'thick' ideologies from which populists are borrowing condition the thrust of their influence. The impact of right-wing populism trumps that of its left-wing counterpart in quantity and quality, while market-liberal populism is in decline and regional populism is mainly an issue only in Spain. Populism has personalized decision-making and shaped political agendas directly and indirectly, most notably on migration. It has whitewashed authoritarian leaders in the southern Mediterranean and fragmented the European Union's position on key issues such as the Arab-Israeli conflict. National interests and the weight of institutions have, however, formed a counterbalance to the focus on migration emanating from domestic politics. Populism alone cannot be blamed for renationalization trends that have existed before, but it does build on and reinforce them.
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- 2023
14. Conflito Israel x Palestina e o modo de endereçamento do Jornal Nacional: a organização temática da edição que noticiou o ataque
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Bevilaqua, Leire Mara and Bevilaqua, Leire Mara
- Abstract
Este artigo faz uma reflexão sobre como a temática do ataque do Hamas, grupo militante islâmico da Palestina, a Israel em 07 de outubro de 2023 foi abordada no Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo de Televisão. E como se deu a estruturação e organização da edição do telejornal de mesma data. Esta é considerada a operação mais ambiciosa que o Hamas já realizou a partir de Gaza. Israel foi pego de surpresa com uma ação combinada por terra, ar e mar e respondeu com ataques aéreos contra Gaza. Para tal investigação, utiliza-se a definição de modo de endereçamento e a metodologia de análise desenvolvidas por Itânia Gomes., Este artículo refleja cómo el tema del ataque de Hamás, un grupo militante islámico de Palestina, a Israel el 7 de octubre de 2023 fue cubierto en el Jornal Nacional, de laRede Globo de Televisão. Y la estructuración y organización de la edición del noticiero en la misma fecha. Esta es considerada la operación más ambiciosa que Hamás haya llevado a cabo desde Gaza. Israel fue tomado por sorpresa con una accióncombinada por tierra, aire y mar y respondió con ataques aéreos contra Gaza. Para esta investigación se utiliza la definición de modo de direccionamiento y la metodología de análisis de Itânia Gomes., This article reflects how the theme of Hamas’ attack, a militant islamic group from Palestine, on Israel on October 7, 2023 was covered in Jornal Nacional, on Rede Globo de Televisão. And the structuring and organization newscast edition at the same date. This is considered the most ambitious operation Hamas has ever carried out from Gaza. Israel was taken by surprise with a combined action by land, air and sea and responded with airstrikes against Gaza. For this investigation, Itânia Gomes definition of addressing mode and analysis methodology are used.
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- 2023
15. Israel's Deterrence Lesson for Biden.
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PALESTINIAN citizens of Israel , *PRESIDENTIAL administrations , *AGGRESSION (International law) , *PROJECTILES ,ISRAEL-United States relations - Abstract
Israel's recent strike against Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah is seen as a justified defensive act against an enemy backed by Iran. Israel has shown restraint for nearly a year in response to Hezbollah's attacks, but has now shifted to a pre-emptive campaign to degrade Hezbollah's missile stores and military leadership. Despite the advice of its allies, Israel has continued its campaign, demonstrating intelligence, technological skill, and political will. The US and other Western politicians have called for a cease-fire, but Israel argues that it is not obliged to follow their dictates. Israel's actions have weakened its enemies, but the threat of retaliation remains, particularly in relation to Iran's nuclear program. The article suggests that the US could capitalize on Israel's gains by taking action against Houthi sites and leaders after their next attack on US ships. The article concludes by stating that Israel's experience serves as a reminder to the West about the cost of failed deterrence and the need to restore it. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
16. Israels antiliberale Koalition: Die neue Regierung verfolgt grundlegende Änderungen der staatlichen Ordnung und im israelisch-palästinensischen Konflikt
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Lintl, Peter and Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
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Besatzungspolitik ,Normenkontrolle ,Justiz ,Ursache ,majority rule ,Ultraorthodoxe ,democracy ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,occupation policy ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Liberalismus ,Arab ,annexation ,Palestinian ,Oberster Gerichtshof ,Legitimation ,coalition ,violence ,Likud ,Israel ,Political science ,Otzma Jehudit ,politische Rechte ,Gewalt ,Verfassung ,Noam ,Charedim ,Vereinigtes Thora-Judentum ,political change ,liberalism ,Zionismus ,Palästinenser ,judicial power ,Michael Ben-Ari ,Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme ,Political System, Constitution, Government ,Judikative ,impact ,Nahost-Konflikt ,judiciary ,Demokratie ,Politikwissenschaft ,majoritäre Demokratie ,Westjordanland ,Israel Beitenu ,Benjamin Netanjahu ,Systems of governments & states ,zionism ,human rights ,Itamar Ben-Gvir ,cause ,constitution ,Rechtsextremismus ,Extremismus ,Demokratiedefizit ,Staatsbürgerrechte ,Netanyahu, Binyamin ,Likud (Israel) ,Shas (Israel) ,Menschenrechte ,Palestinian-Israeli conflict ,Annexion ,Mehrheitsprinzip ,Betzalel Smotrich ,politisches System ,Araber ,Religiöser Zionismus ,formation of a government ,Middle East conflict ,politischer Wandel ,political system ,political right ,Koalition ,Schas ,palästinensisch-israelischer Konflikt ,ddc:320 ,Auswirkung ,ddc:321 ,Regierungsbildung ,Supreme Court ,Staat, staatliche Organisationsformen - Abstract
Die neue Regierung in Israel steht politisch so weit rechts wie keine andere vor ihr. Der Erfolg der rechtsradikalen Parteien und ihre Beteiligung an der Regierung sind Ergebnisse einer länger anhaltenden Transformation der politischen Landschaft Israels. Kennzeichnend für diese Entwicklung ist die Genese einer rechten Mehrheit, die mit einer Rechtsverschiebung des Mainstreams und der politischen Legitimierung des radikalsten Segments der israelischen Gesellschaft einhergeht. Der gemeinsame Nenner dieser Regierung ist ein antiliberaler Impetus, der auf eine Neuordnung des Staates hinausläuft. Die Regierung beabsichtigt, demokratische Mechanismen, insbesondere das System von Checks and Balances, den Status des Obersten Gerichtshofs und den der Grundrechte, zu schwächen. Stattdessen sollen majoritäre Prinzipien gestärkt werden, die den Regierungsmehrheiten kaum mehr Schranken auferlegen. Dieser disruptive Ansatz bezieht sich auch auf den Konflikt mit den Palästinensern: Hier wird ein Sieg angestrebt. Die Integration des Westjordanlands in das Rechtsgebiet des Staates Israel soll unumkehrbar gemacht werden. (Autorenreferat)
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- 2023
17. Israel's anti-liberal coalition: The new government is seeking fundamental changes in the political system and in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
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Lintl, Peter and Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
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Besatzungspolitik ,Ursache ,Justiz ,majority rule ,democracy ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,occupation policy ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Liberalismus ,Arab ,annexation ,Palestinian ,Legitimation ,Oberster Gerichtshof ,coalition ,violence ,ultra-Orthodox parties ,Likud ,Israel ,Political science ,politische Rechte ,Gewalt ,Verfassung ,Noam ,majoritarian democracy ,political change ,liberalism ,Zionismus ,Palästinenser ,judicial power ,Michael Ben-Ari ,Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme ,Political System, Constitution, Government ,Judikative ,impact ,Nahost-Konflikt ,judiciary ,halacha ,Demokratie ,Otzma Yehudit ,United Tora Judaism ,Politikwissenschaft ,Israel Beitenu ,Shas ,Systems of governments & states ,zionism ,Religios Zionism ,human rights ,Benjamin Netanyahu ,Itamar Ben-Gvir ,cause ,constitution ,Rechtsextremismus ,Extremismus ,Demokratiedefizit ,Staatsbürgerrechte ,Westjordanland ,Netanyahu, Binyamin ,Likud (Israel) ,Shas (Israel) ,Menschenrechte ,Palestinian-Israeli conflict ,Annexion ,Mehrheitsprinzip ,Betzalel Smotrich ,politisches System ,Haredim ,Araber ,formation of a government ,Middle East conflict ,politischer Wandel ,political system ,political right ,West Bank ,Koalition ,palästinensisch-israelischer Konflikt ,ddc:320 ,Auswirkung ,ddc:321 ,Regierungsbildung ,Supreme Court ,Staat, staatliche Organisationsformen - Abstract
The new government in Israel is politically further to the right than any other before it. The success of the radical right parties and their inclusion in the government are the results of a long-term transformation of Israel’s political landscape. One characteristic of this development is the genesis of a right-wing majority, accompanied by a shift to the right of the mainstream, and the political legitimisation of the most radical segment of Israeli society. The common denominator of this government is its anti-liberal impetus, which amounts to a reorganisation of the state. The government intends to weaken democratic mechanisms, especially the system of checks and balances, the status of the Supreme Court, and that of fundamental rights. Instead, majoritarian principles are to be strengthened, placing few limits on government majorities. This disruptive approach also applies to the conflict with the Palestinians. Here, victory is sought: The integration of the West Bank into the legal territory of the state of Israel is to be made irreversible. (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2023
18. From New to Normal: Two Years after the Abraham Accords
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German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Nahost-Studien, Dachtler, Petra, German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Nahost-Studien, and Dachtler, Petra
- Abstract
When Israel signed the Abraham Accords in 2020 reactions were diverse. Experts were divided - some fearing a deepening of regional divisions, others hoping for a positive impact on the Middle East Peace Process (MEPP). Two years later normalisation has intensified, but differs in degree and scope. Israel's normalisation process has strengthened her acceptance in the region and reaches beyond security issues. While Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates lead these dynamics, eager to benefit from exchange in science and technology, in Morocco the United States' recognition of the latter's sovereignty over the Western Sahara has hardened Rabat's position on that issue. With Sudan, the process has not developed beyond contact between the Israeli government and the internationally contested military leadership. Normalisation is not a decisive factor for Israeli-Palestinian conflict resolution. On the contrary, it was not an incentive in the past for Israel to make concessions; clashes with the Palestinians in Gaza or recently on the Temple Mount could not derail the process either. The real test, however, would be another Palestinian intifada or a return to the annexation plans of early 2020. Iran remains an important uniting factor which has led to a shared threat perception. Nevertheless, the Gulf monarchies and Israel differ in approach towards Iran. While Arab-Israeli joint military exercises mark a historical shift, talks about a military alliance in the Middle East with Israeli (and US) involvement are premature. The European Union and its member states should build on these positive dynamics and look at developments in the region not merely through the lens of the MEPP. Trilateral projects with Israel and Arab partners are a good starting point here. Also, Europe should become more involved in the broader Middle East through strategic dialogue with partners in the region as well as the US on the new order in the making.
- Published
- 2022
19. Amnesty International und der Apartheid-Vorwurf gegen Israel: politische und rechtliche Relevanz
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Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Asseburg, Muriel, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, and Asseburg, Muriel
- Abstract
Am 1. Februar 2022 präsentierte Amnesty International einen umfassenden Bericht, in dem es Israel vorwirft, an den Palästinenserinnen und Palästinensern Apartheid zu verüben und damit ein Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit zu begehen. Der Amnesty-Bericht reiht sich ein in eine Serie von Publikationen palästinensischer, israelischer und internationaler Menschenrechtsorganisationen, die in Israel bzw. den palästinensischen Gebieten nunmehr die Schwelle zur Apartheid überschritten sehen. Dabei gehen die Meinungen in den einzelnen Berichten darüber auseinander, in welchem Gebiet solche Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit begangen werden. Die Bundesregierung sollte sich den Apartheid-Vorwurf nicht ohne sorgfältige Prüfung zu eigen machen, die gravierenden Menschenrechtsverletzungen, die der Amnesty-Bericht dokumentiert, aber ernst nehmen. Daraus erwachsen Deutschland allein schon auf Basis der Genfer Konventionen direkte Rechtspflichten. (Autorenreferat)
- Published
- 2022
20. Israel: half a year under the Bennett government
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Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Averbukh, Lidia, Lintl, Peter, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Averbukh, Lidia, and Lintl, Peter
- Abstract
From spring 2019 until summer 2021, Israel was politically paralysed because no stable government could be formed. Four elections were necessary before a new government took over on 13 June 2021. Not only was Benjamin Netanyahu replaced as prime minister after 12 years. A coalition was formed that covers almost the entire political spectrum. In the meantime, it has stabilised and its direction is becoming clearer. Nationally and internationally, the coalition has broken with the populist rhetoric of the Netanyahu government. At the same time, it is exploring different policies: Domestically, it is for the first time including an independent Arab party and has stopped the attacks on principles of liberal democracy. In its foreign policy, it is promoting rapprochement with the European Union (EU) and the Biden administration as well as more integration into the region. It is also trying to contain the conflict with the Palestinians through social and economic measures. But a political rapprochement is not in sight. A "point of no return" is looming, making a two-state solution impossible. (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2022
21. Israel: sechs Monate Bennett-Regierung
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Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Averbukh, Lidia, Lintl, Peter, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Averbukh, Lidia, and Lintl, Peter
- Abstract
Seit Frühjahr 2019 war Israel politisch gelähmt, weil keine stabile Regierung zustande kam. Vier Wahlen waren nötig, bis am 13. Juni 2021 eine neue Regierung die Geschäfte übernahm. Nicht nur wurde Benjamin Netanjahu nach zwölf Jahren als Premier abgelöst. Es wurde eine Koalition gebildet, die fast das ganze politische Spektrum abdeckt. Mittlerweile hat sie sich stabilisiert, und die Ausrichtung wird klarer. National und international hat die Koalition mit der populistischen Rhetorik der Netanjahu-Regierung gebrochen. Zugleich sucht sie nach anderen Politiken: Innenpolitisch integriert sie erstmals eine unabhängige arabische Partei und hat die Angriffe auf Prinzipien liberaler Demokratie gestoppt. Außenpolitisch wirbt sie für Annäherung an die EU und an die Biden-Regierung, aber auch um mehr Integration in die Region. Zudem bemüht sie sich, den Konflikt mit den Palästinensern durch soziale und wirtschaftliche Maßnahmen einzudämmen. Doch eine politische Annäherung ist nicht in Sicht. Es droht ein "point of no return", der eine Zweistaatenlösung unmöglich macht. (Autorenreferat)
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- 2022
22. Wasatia: Opening a Graduate School for Peace and Conflict Resolution
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Maecenata Institut für Philanthropie und Zivilgesellschaft, Barakat, Zeina, Huber, Wolfgang, Steinbach, Udo, Wuestenberg, Ralf, Maecenata Institut für Philanthropie und Zivilgesellschaft, Barakat, Zeina, Huber, Wolfgang, Steinbach, Udo, and Wuestenberg, Ralf
- Published
- 2022
23. From Civil War to Interstate War and Back again: The War over Israel/Palestine, 1945-2000
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Golani, Motti and Golani, Motti
- Abstract
By discontinuing their war against Israel in the late 1970s, the surrounding Arab states made room for the resumption of a different, new/old war, which first erupted prior to the Arab-Israeli interstate war: the civil war between the Jewish-Zionist settler society and Palestinian Arabs, a war over Palestine. The Arab-Israeli conflict is not one, but rather two conflicts, both of which are complexly and inextricably linked in a number of ways. Zionist Jews in Palestine (or the pre-1948 Jewish autonomy in the country) and later the state of Israel have been a permanent party to these conflicts. In contrast, the "Arabs" - or the Palestinians and the Arab states surrounding Palestine - have been changing parties to the overall conflict and its many different wars., Indem sie ihren Krieg gegen Israel beendeten, ermöglichten die umgebenden arabischen Staaten seit Ende der 1970er-Jahre die Wiederaufnahme eines anderen, neuen und zugleich alten Kriegs, der schon vor den zwischenstaatlichen Kriegen mit Israel geführt worden war: des Bürgerkriegs zwischen der jüdisch-zionistischen Siedlergesellschaft und den palästinensischen Arabern, eines Kriegs um Palästina. Der arabisch-israelische Konflikt bildet nicht einen, sondern eher zwei Konflikte, die auf komplexe und untrennbare Weise miteinander verbunden sind. Zionistische Juden in Palästina und ab 1948 der Staat Israel sind durchgängig eine Seite dieser Konflikte gewesen. Die "Araber" - oder besser: die Palästinenser und die arabischen Staaten, welche Palästina umgeben - sind veränderliche Parteien des Großkonflikts und seiner vielen Teilkriege gewesen.
- Published
- 2022
24. Amnesty International and the apartheid claim against Israel: political and legal relevance
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Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Asseburg, Muriel, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, and Asseburg, Muriel
- Abstract
On 1 February 2022, Amnesty International released a comprehensive report claiming that Israel is engaged in apartheid against the Palestinians and is thereby committing a crime against humanity. The Amnesty report is one in a series of publications by Palestinian, Israeli and international human rights organizations that see the threshold to apartheid having been crossed in Israel and/or the Palestinian territories, although it should be noted that opinions about where such crimes are being committed differ from report to report. The EU and its member states should not adopt the apartheid claim without legal scrutiny. At the same time, they should take the grave human rights violations documented in the Amnesty report (and elsewhere) seriously. Under the Geneva Conventions, all signatory states incur direct legal obligations to enforce compliance. (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2022
25. Amnesty International und der Apartheid-Vorwurf gegen Israel: politische und rechtliche Relevanz
- Author
-
Asseburg, Muriel and Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
- Subjects
Besatzungspolitik ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,occupation policy ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Völkerrecht ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Apartheid ,Amnesty International ,Palästinensische Gebiete ,Israel ,international law ,Political science ,internationales Recht ,human rights violation ,Middle East conflict ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Palestinian territories ,ddc:320 ,law of nations ,Nahost-Konflikt ,International relations ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,Menschenrechtsverletzung ,Israelisch besetzte Gebiete ,Palästinensische Selbstverwaltungsgebiete ,Palästinaproblem ,Stellungnahme von Institution/Organ ,Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit ,Palästinenser ,Völkerrechtliche Verantwortung und Haftung ,Westjordanland ,Gaza-Streifen ,Demographische Faktoren ,Segregation ,ddc:327 - Abstract
Am 1. Februar 2022 präsentierte Amnesty International einen umfassenden Bericht, in dem es Israel vorwirft, an den Palästinenserinnen und Palästinensern Apartheid zu verüben und damit ein Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit zu begehen. Der Amnesty-Bericht reiht sich ein in eine Serie von Publikationen palästinensischer, israelischer und internationaler Menschenrechtsorganisationen, die in Israel bzw. den palästinensischen Gebieten nunmehr die Schwelle zur Apartheid überschritten sehen. Dabei gehen die Meinungen in den einzelnen Berichten darüber auseinander, in welchem Gebiet solche Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit begangen werden. Die Bundesregierung sollte sich den Apartheid-Vorwurf nicht ohne sorgfältige Prüfung zu eigen machen, die gravierenden Menschenrechtsverletzungen, die der Amnesty-Bericht dokumentiert, aber ernst nehmen. Daraus erwachsen Deutschland allein schon auf Basis der Genfer Konventionen direkte Rechtspflichten. (Autorenreferat)
- Published
- 2022
26. Amnesty International and the apartheid claim against Israel: political and legal relevance
- Author
-
Asseburg, Muriel and Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
- Subjects
Besatzungspolitik ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,occupation policy ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Völkerrecht ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Apartheid ,Amnesty International ,Palästinensische Gebiete ,Israel ,international law ,Political science ,internationales Recht ,human rights violation ,Middle East conflict ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Palestinian territories ,ddc:320 ,law of nations ,Nahost-Konflikt ,International relations ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,Menschenrechtsverletzung ,Israelisch besetzte Gebiete ,Palästinensische Selbstverwaltungsgebiete ,Palästinaproblem ,Stellungnahme von Institution/Organ ,Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit ,Palästinenser ,Völkerrechtliche Verantwortung und Haftung ,Westjordanland ,Gaza-Streifen ,Demographische Faktoren ,Segregation ,ddc:327 - Abstract
On 1 February 2022, Amnesty International released a comprehensive report claiming that Israel is engaged in apartheid against the Palestinians and is thereby committing a crime against humanity. The Amnesty report is one in a series of publications by Palestinian, Israeli and international human rights organizations that see the threshold to apartheid having been crossed in Israel and/or the Palestinian territories, although it should be noted that opinions about where such crimes are being committed differ from report to report. The EU and its member states should not adopt the apartheid claim without legal scrutiny. At the same time, they should take the grave human rights violations documented in the Amnesty report (and elsewhere) seriously. Under the Geneva Conventions, all signatory states incur direct legal obligations to enforce compliance. (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2022
27. Jerusalem 2060: Images of Future
- Author
-
Lampert, Julia Anastasia Sophia
- Subjects
Nahostkonflikt ,Palestine ,300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft ,Zukunftsbild ,Jerusalem 2060 ,Middle East conflict ,Israel ,Leitbildanalyse ,100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie ,Images of Future - Abstract
Due to the protracted nature of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict future in Jerusalem is very contested. There is a significant imbalance between past, present and future, where the importance of future is widely substituted by the importance of the past. In addition, imaginations of future in Jerusalem are disproportionately impacted by artificial images of future. All mental constructs regarding futures are competing with scenarios imposed on by third parties as well as politicized by institutions and actors with specific agendas. There is little to no scientific or empirical work focused specifically on futures or long-term scenarios of Jerusalem or its citizens. This marginalization of future increases the barriers to address true and meaningful guiding principles (Leitbilder), which are, for the most part, hidden, un-reflected and sometimes very difficult to access by the people of Jerusalem. However, future and the five functions of Leitbilder – Orientation, Motivation, Burden Relief, Community Building and Differentiation – are key for the ability of any social entity to actively shape long-term developments by today’s imaginations. Especially in protracted conflict with a zero-sum attitude a discourse on desired, undesired, feasible and unfeasible futures by the different parties is fundamental. Therefore, this study aims to uncover the subconscious and largely inaccessible Leitbilder prevalent in Jerusalem with the method of the Leitbildanalysis. The Leitbildanalysis is a multi-step process tailored and specifically designed for drawing subconscious mental constructs of future into the open. This work entails an in-depth exploration of 33 unique perspectives of opinion leaders in Jerusalem from all walks of life to form six comprehensive images of Jerusalem 2060. They are then analyzed, discussed and compared along conflict lines to be handed back to the citizens of Jerusalem as true and unfeigned images of prospective developments. By and large, this study sheds light on the circumstance, that contrary to common belief, the images found do not align with conflict ideologies but rather individual attitudes towards future. As a whole, the examination of the perception of futures for Jerusalem in 2060 reveals various unexpected and some, especially in hindsight, apparent aspects. The final six images of future but also the detailed analysis of the Leitbild modules in combination with the direct citations from the interviews enables a new perspective on future in protracted conflict, emphasizing the stipulating role of guiding principles to stem the tide and shape future developments in Jerusalem – in spite of their systematic marginalization., Aufgrund des anhaltenden Konflikts zwischen Israelis und Palästinensern ist Zukunft in Jerusalem außergewöhnlich umkämpft. Im öffentlichen Diskurs besteht ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft, in dem die Narrationen von Zukünften durch die Narrationen von Vergangenheiten überschatten werden. Zudem werden Zukunftsbilder durch den jahrzehntelang anhaltenden Konflikt und dessen internationale Relevanz stark von artifiziellen Zukunftsbildern beeinflusst. Tatsächliche Zukunftskonstruktionen konkurrieren und verschmelzen mit oktroyierten Zukunftsszenarien und politisch motivierten institutionellen Zukunftsbildern. Insgesamt gibt es kaum wissenschaftliche oder empirische Arbeiten, welche sich explizit und grundlegend mit Zukünften, alternativen Zukunftsperspektiven oder langfristigen Szenarien der Menschen in Jerusalem beschäftigen. Die Dynamik der Marginalisierung von Zukunft in dem anhaltenden Konflikt verstärkt die Hürden für die Bewohner der Stadt tatsächliche und bedeutsame Leitbilder zu formulieren. Sie existieren größtenteils unterbewusst, unreflektiert und Individuen können sie meist nur schwer aufrufen oder direkt auf sie zugreifen. Die Ebene der Zukunft und die fünf Funktionen von Leitbildern – Orientierung, Motivation, (Entscheidungs-) Entlastung, Abgrenzung und Gemeinschaftsbildung – sind jedoch wesentlich für die Fähigkeit von Sozietäten aktiv ihre Zukunft durch Imaginationen im Jetzt zu gestalten. Besonders in anhaltenden Konfliktsituationen mit einer Nullsummenmentalität ist ein Diskurs über wünschenswerte, nicht wünschenswerte, mögliche und unmögliche Zukünfte der verschiedenen Parteien von enormer Bedeutung. Daher ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit unbewusste und weitgehend unzugängliche Leitbilder in Jerusalem mit der Methode der Leitbildanalyse – einem mehrstufigen, speziell für unbewusste Zukunftsbilder konzipierten Prozess – zugänglich zu machen. Es werden 33 einzigartige Perspektiven von Meinungsführern aus verschiedenen Bereichen und Gesellschaftsschichten in Jerusalem untersucht welche durch explorative Tiefeninterviews Einblicke in sechs einzigartige Leitbilder für Jerusalem 2060 gewähren. Diese sechs Leitbilder werden im Anschluss analysiert, diskutiert und miteinander verglichen um sie den Bewohnern von Jerusalems als tatsächliche und authentische Perspektiven zukünftiger Entwicklungen zurückzuspielen. Im Laufe der Analyse zeigt sich deutlich, dass entgegen der vorherrschenden Meinung, die eruierten Leitbilder nicht primär die Zugehörigkeit zu einer Konfliktpartei wiederspiegeln, sondern darüber hinaus gehen. Es sind Abbilder persönlicher Einschätzungen von Zukunft, welche sich ungeachtet der Nationalität und Religion untereinander decken oder unterscheiden. Insgesamt ergab die empirische Untersuchung einige unerwartete und einige vor allem im Nachhinein erwartbare Ergebnisse. Die finalen Leitbilder, ganz besonders aber auch die Analyse der Leitbildmodule zusammen mit den direkten Zitaten der Interviews, ermöglichen neue Perspektiven auf Zukunft in anhaltenden Konflikten und unterstreichen die immense Wirkung und Wichtigkeit von Leitbildern auf die aktuellen Entwicklungen in Jerusalem, trotz ihrer strukturellen Marginalisierung in beiden Gesellschaften.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. From New to Normal: Two Years after the Abraham Accords
- Author
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Dachtler, Petra and German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Nahost-Studien
- Subjects
Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Marokko ,perspective ,United Arab Emirates ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Prozess ,Sicherheitspolitik ,Perspektive ,Sudan ,Middle East ,security policy ,Entwicklung ,political relations ,Nordafrika ,process ,Außenpolitik ,Israel ,Diplomatie ,Political science ,development ,arabische Länder ,internationales Abkommen ,Westsahara ,international relations ,Middle East conflict ,international security ,Arab countries ,North Africa ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,diplomacy ,Morocco ,foreign policy ,ddc:320 ,Bahrain ,international agreement ,internationale Sicherheit ,Vereinigte Arabische Emirate ,politische Beziehungen ,Nahost-Konflikt ,Western Sahara ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,Nahost ,ddc:327 - Abstract
When Israel signed the Abraham Accords in 2020 reactions were diverse. Experts were divided - some fearing a deepening of regional divisions, others hoping for a positive impact on the Middle East Peace Process (MEPP). Two years later normalisation has intensified, but differs in degree and scope. Israel's normalisation process has strengthened her acceptance in the region and reaches beyond security issues. While Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates lead these dynamics, eager to benefit from exchange in science and technology, in Morocco the United States' recognition of the latter's sovereignty over the Western Sahara has hardened Rabat's position on that issue. With Sudan, the process has not developed beyond contact between the Israeli government and the internationally contested military leadership. Normalisation is not a decisive factor for Israeli-Palestinian conflict resolution. On the contrary, it was not an incentive in the past for Israel to make concessions; clashes with the Palestinians in Gaza or recently on the Temple Mount could not derail the process either. The real test, however, would be another Palestinian intifada or a return to the annexation plans of early 2020. Iran remains an important uniting factor which has led to a shared threat perception. Nevertheless, the Gulf monarchies and Israel differ in approach towards Iran. While Arab-Israeli joint military exercises mark a historical shift, talks about a military alliance in the Middle East with Israeli (and US) involvement are premature. The European Union and its member states should build on these positive dynamics and look at developments in the region not merely through the lens of the MEPP. Trilateral projects with Israel and Arab partners are a good starting point here. Also, Europe should become more involved in the broader Middle East through strategic dialogue with partners in the region as well as the US on the new order in the making.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Israel: half a year under the Bennett government
- Author
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Averbukh, Lidia, Lintl, Peter, and Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
- Subjects
democracy ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,domestic policy ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,United Arab Emirates ,Systems of governments & states ,Iran ,United States of America ,coalition ,internationale Zusammenarbeit ,Palestinian-Israeli conflict ,Außenpolitik ,Israel ,internationale Beziehungen ,Political science ,USA ,arabische Länder ,Innenpolitische Lage/Entwicklung ,Innenpolitische Einzelprobleme ,Außenpolitische Einzelprobleme ,Verfassungsänderung/Verfassungsreform ,Verhältnis Religionsgemeinschaft - Staat ,Judentum ,Araber ,Palästinenser ,Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015-07-14) ,international cooperation ,Middle East conflict ,international relations ,Innenpolitik ,government ,Regierung ,Arab countries ,Koalition ,stabilization ,Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme ,palästinensisch-israelischer Konflikt ,foreign policy ,Political System, Constitution, Government ,ddc:320 ,ddc:321 ,Vereinigte Arabische Emirate ,Nahost-Konflikt ,Staat, staatliche Organisationsformen ,EU ,peace process ,Stabilisierung ,Friedensprozess ,Demokratie - Abstract
From spring 2019 until summer 2021, Israel was politically paralysed because no stable government could be formed. Four elections were necessary before a new government took over on 13 June 2021. Not only was Benjamin Netanyahu replaced as prime minister after 12 years. A coalition was formed that covers almost the entire political spectrum. In the meantime, it has stabilised and its direction is becoming clearer. Nationally and internationally, the coalition has broken with the populist rhetoric of the Netanyahu government. At the same time, it is exploring different policies: Domestically, it is for the first time including an independent Arab party and has stopped the attacks on principles of liberal democracy. In its foreign policy, it is promoting rapprochement with the European Union (EU) and the Biden administration as well as more integration into the region. It is also trying to contain the conflict with the Palestinians through social and economic measures. But a political rapprochement is not in sight. A "point of no return" is looming, making a two-state solution impossible. (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Wasatia: Opening a Graduate School for Peace and Conflict Resolution
- Author
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Barakat, Zeina, Huber, Wolfgang, Steinbach, Udo, Wuestenberg, Ralf, and Maecenata Institut für Philanthropie und Zivilgesellschaft
- Subjects
German Democratic Republic (GDR) ,culture of remembrance ,Versöhnung ,Nazism ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,Nationalsozialismus ,Middle East conflict ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Konfliktlösung ,Graduiertenkolleg ,DDR ,justice ,Friedenspolitik ,Gerechtigkeit ,reconciliation ,ddc:320 ,peace policy ,Nahost-Konflikt ,conflict resolution ,Political science ,Erinnerungskultur - Published
- 2022
31. Fifty Years Since We Almost Lost Israel.
- Author
-
Ravid, S. Abraham
- Subjects
- *
ISRAEL-Arab War, 1973 , *YOM Kippur - Abstract
The Yom Kippur War, which took place 50 years ago, was a significant event in Israel's history. On the holiest day of the Jewish year, Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated attack on Israel, leading to a mobilization of the Israeli army. Initially, Israel was confident of a quick victory due to their success in the Six-Day War, but they soon faced setbacks and retreats. The war resulted in the death of thousands of Israelis, including the author's close friends. Despite the initial challenges, Israel ultimately survived and went on to achieve economic success and sign peace agreements with former enemies. The author, a professor of finance, expresses hope for the younger generation to address Israel's current challenges. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
32. The Iran-Russia Nuclear Nexus.
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEAR nonproliferation ,JOINT Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015) - Published
- 2022
33. Persecuted Christians Have Much to Teach the Church.
- Author
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Nicholson, Robert
- Subjects
- *
PERSECUTION , *CHRISTIANS - Published
- 2022
34. Amnesty International Gets Israel Dead Wrong.
- Published
- 2022
35. Israel Is Always on Trial at the U.N. Star Chamber.
- Published
- 2022
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