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Case: A 62-year-old woman receiving romosozumab for 3 months underwent extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. From 1 week after surgery, she experienced gradually increasing pain from the right groin to the front of the thigh. Examination revealed ossifying myositis in bilateral psoas major muscles. Etidronate treatment was initiated, improving pain after 4 days. Computed tomography showed lesion disappearance by 3 months after surgery., Conclusion: We report a rare case of myositis ossificans in bilateral psoas major muscles following XLIF surgery, possibly influenced by intraoperative manipulation and romosozumab treatment. Etidronate administration may be effective, as with heterotopic ossification., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJSCC/C372)., (Copyright © 2024 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated.)

Background: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) as a rare and heritable disorder with the infrequent genetic transmission of the condition is a catastrophic disorder of heterotopic ossification (HO) and a cause of extraskeletal bone formation in humans. Given the lack of effective treatment for this disease, the important point is to avoid aggravating factors such as bone biopsy, surgery, and intramuscular injection., Case Presentation: In this report, we present a 52-year-old female patient, Kurdish ethnic, suspected to FOP who had a surgical intervention on the second toe of the right foot, which subsequently, it caused further deterioration of the disease in the person including necrosis and amputation of the distal phalanx of the second toe., Conclusions: Although, based on our investigation and the available scientific evidence, surgery may a cause for faster progression and worsening of the FOP disorder, but its proof requires further studies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Myositis ossificans of the temporalis muscle results in a cosmetic problem both before and after treatment because of the preoperative swelling and the postoperative defect respectively. The authors hypothesized that a patient-specific Polyether-ether ketone implant can be appropriate for immediate obliteration and reconstruction of such defect benefiting from the accuracy of CAD/CAM technology and computer-guided maxillofacial surgery. A Forty-year-old male patient with myositis ossificans affecting the left temporalis muscle was treated with a computer-guided surgical approach, a patient-specific implant was fabricated to obliterate the defect and avoid temporal hollowing using PEEK material. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory both immediately and at the 5-year follow-up, except that the skin over the implant was noticed to be stretched after 5 years. Hence, it can be concluded that virtual surgical planning and PEEK patient-specific implants are reliable in the immediate reconstruction of post-surgical temporal hollowing., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Myositis ossificans Traumatica (MOT) is a non-neoplastic, heterotrophic ossifying disease process in muscle and soft tissue rarely involving the craniofacial area. Treatment depends on the extent of ossification and functional limitations. We present the first case of MOT of the temporalis muscle following neurosurgical intervention. This is the case of a 28-year-old male patient who underwent numerous neurosurgical interventions and reported progressive trismus following these interventions. Imaging demonstrated a right temporal region radio-opacity consistent with ossification of the temporalis muscle. The patient underwent coronoidectomy with excision of the ossified right temporalis muscle and reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh adipofascial vascular free flap. Postoperatively, he maintained intact function with increased incisal opening and no cosmetic defects. Limited mouth opening after the neurological procedure has a wide differential, and MOT must be considered. Surgical repair and reconstruction are multifaceted problems. Free flap reconstruction should be considered in multiple operated patients., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Rationale: Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a rare disorder that causes heterotopic bone formation in soft tissues. It usually occurs after trauma and affects large muscles of the extremities. MOC of the pectineus muscle is extremely rare and has not been reported to be treated surgically., Patient Concerns: A 52-year-old woman presented with left hip pain and dysfunction 4 months after a traffic accident that caused pelvic and humeral fractures and cerebral hemorrhage., Diagnoses: Radiological imaging revealed isolated ossification of the left pectineus muscle. The patient was diagnosed with MOC., Interventions: The patient underwent surgical resection of the ossified pectineus muscle followed by local radiation and medical therapy., Outcomes: At 12 months postoperatively, she was asymptomatic and had normal hip function. No recurrence was observed on radiography., Lessons: MOC of the pectineus muscle is a rare condition that can cause severe hip dysfunction. Surgical resection combined with radiation and anti-inflammatory drugs can be an effective treatment option for patients who do not respond to conservative management., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Ankylosis forming between the zygomatic arch and the coronoid process is a rarely encountered pathological extracapsular ankylosis. Its treatment protocol consists of surgical removal of the coronoid process with the ankylotic mass and jaw opening-closing exercises after surgery. Myositis ossificans (MO) is a self-limiting, benign ossifying lesion. It affects all types of soft tissues including subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscles, tendons and nerves. It is most frequently found in the muscle as a solitary lesion. The clinical appearance of MO is generally in the form of a mass characterized with an ossified soft tissue. When it develops alone, cross-sectional imaging might not be specific, and it may appear similar to worse etiologies. It is suggested multiple imaging modalities should be used in the assessment of a suspicious soft tissue mass. MO is a benign self-limiting disease. In this case report, in the radiographic examination of a 41-year-old female patient, ankylosis between the left coronoid process and the zygomatic bone accompanied by possible MO in the left medial pterygoid muscle was observed. Resection of the coronoid process with the ipsilateral route, resection of the ankylotic mass with the hemicoronal approach and resection of the contralateral coronoid process with the intraoral approach were performed, but the ossified formation in the medial pterygoid muscle was not touched., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Japanese Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.)