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Forest stock volume (FSV) stands as an important indicator in evaluating the potential for carbon sequestration. It is crucial for forest resource management at local, regional, and national scales. In order to achieve an accurate estimation of FSV, this article takes Mengyin County, Shandong Province, China as the research area, builds a random forest (RF) model for four tree species based on airborne Lidar data, and forms a monitoring system of "individual tree - grid - county" granularities. The results demonstrated that all four models exhibited excellent generalization capabilities, with no signs of overfitting. In the test phase, the R2 of the poplar and pine models exceeded 0.9, while the R2 of the cypress model was 0.81, and the rRMSE was controlled within 20%, indicating that the fitting effect of the three tree species models was better; the accuracy of the robinia pseudoacacia model was relatively poor, with R2 of 0.60 and rRMSE of 20.60%. This study provides a feasible method for estimating forest stock volume within the county, which provides strong technical support for forest resource management and planning, and helps promote sustainable forestry development.

The realization of brazing between the TiZrTaHfNb refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) and zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic is of great importance in expanding the application of metal-ceramic composite parts. In this study, reliable brazed joints were achieved using a Ti–28Ni eutectic filler. The typical interfacial microstructure and the effect of brazing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties were thoroughly discussed. The results indicated the formation of complex oxides on the ZrO2 ceramic side, including Ti2O, Ni2Ti4O and (Hf, Ta, Zr)O2. Additionally, the RHEA substrate near the brazing seam underwent a transformation from a single BCC phase to double BCC phases, which included a TaNb-rich BCC-1 phase and a Zr-rich BCC-2 phase. The formation of the double BCC phases was caused by the spinodal decomposition. As the brazing temperature rose, the thickness of the oxides layer slightly increased and the double BCC phases formed from the beginning and progressively coarsened. The maximum room shear strength was 124.1 MPa when the joint was obtained at 1040 °C for 10 min. The alternating distribution interlocking structure between MO2 whiskers and Ni2Ti4O by in-situ reaction played a vital role in enhancing the interface strength.

Abstract Background The extraction of impacted mandibular third molars might cause large bone defects in the distal area of second molars. A new strategy was innovatively employed here combining autologous bone, Bio-Oss, concentrated growth factors (CGF) gel and CGF membrane for bone repair, and the present study aimed at exploring safety as well as short- and long-term efficacy of this new protocol clinically. Materials and methods A total of 66 participants were enrolled in this randomized single-blind clinical trial, and randomly allocated to control group (only blood clots), test A group (autogenous bone, Bio-Oss with barrier membrane) and test B group (autogenous bone, Bio-Oss, CGF gel with CGF membrane). The postoperative outcomes including PoSSe scale, periodontal probing depth (PD), degree of gingival recession and computed tomography measurements were assessed at 3rd, 6th, 12th month. A p-value 0.05). Conclusion Both two test groups could achieve stable long-term efficacy on bone defect repair. The use of CGF gel and CGF membrane could accelerate early-stage bone repair, alleviate short-term pain after surgery, reduce long-term probing depth and relieve economic cost for patients. This new bone repair protocol is worthy of promoting by clinicians. Trial registration This study was registered with the identification number ChiCTR2300068466 on 20/02/2023 at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Also, it was ethically approved from the institutional ethics committee at the Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (No:2023-010-01), and has been conducted in accordance to the guidelines of the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.

Abstract Background The transitional period from hospital to home is vital for stroke patients, but it poses serious challenges. Good self-management ability can optimize disease outcomes. However, stroke patients in China have a low level of self-management ability during the transitional period, and a lack of effective support may be the reason. With the rapid development of technology, using wearable monitors to achieve real-time and individualized support may be the key to solving this problem. This study uses a randomized controlled trial design to assess the efficacy of using wearable technology to realize real-time and individualized self-management support in stroke patients’ self-management behavior during the transitional period following discharge from hospital. Methods This parallel-group randomized controlled trial will be conducted in two hospitals and patients’ homes. A total of 183 adult stroke patients will be enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. The smartwatch intervention group (n = 61) will receive Real-time and Individualized Self-management Support (RISS) program + routine care, the wristband group (n = 61) will wear a fitness tracker (self-monitoring) + routine care, and the control group (n = 61) will receive routine stroke care. The intervention will last for 6 months. The primary outcomes are neurological function status, self-management behavior, quality of life, biochemical indicators, recurrence rate, and unplanned readmission rate. Secondary outcomes are resilience, patient activation, psychological status, and caregiver assessments. The analysis is intention-to-treat. The intervention effect will be evaluated at baseline (T0), 2 months after discharge (T1), 3 months after discharge (T2), and 6 months after discharge (T3). Discussion The cloud platform designed in this study not only has the function of real-time recording but also can push timely solutions when patients have abnormal conditions, as well as early warnings or alarms. This study could also potentially help patients develop good self-management habits through resilience theory, wearable devices, and individualized problem–solution library of self-management which can lay the foundation for long-term maintenance and continuous improvement of good self-management behavior in the future. Trial registration The ethics approval has been granted by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2022–941). All patients will be informed of the study details and sign a written informed consent form before enrollment. The research results will be reported in conferences and peer-reviewed publications. The trial registration number is ChiCTR2300070384 . Registered on 11 April 2023.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is a fibrocartilage tissue located between the mandibular condyle and the glenoid eminence, which is central to the TMJ functions. The TMJ disc is susceptible to irreparable degenerative changes or post-traumatic injuries, which can lead to the development of a disc-related disease. Scaffold-based tissue engineering offers the potential for regeneration and replacement of the damaged TMJ disc. The present review describes the biomaterials and manufacturing technologies used in scaffold-based TMJ disc engineering strategies and comprehensively evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. As an understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is fundamental for succesful TMJ disc tissue engineering, this review defines the key properties and roles of the TMJ disc ECM. Compared with the natural disc, the mechanical properties of the tissue-engineered TMJ disc are not satisfactory. Additionally, the in vivo durability of engineered discs and their long-term impact on the entire TMJ remain to be studied, especially in large-animal preclinical trials.

The increasing level of harmonics in the power grid, driven by a substantial presence of coupled inverter-based energy resources (IBRs), poses a new challenge to power grid transient stability. This paper presents the findings from experiments and analytical studies on the impact of the topological configuration of coupled IBRs on the level of power flow harmonics in a distribution grid: (i) our findings report that the impact of grid topology on harmonics is nonlinear, which is in contrast to the common perception that the power grid operates as a large linear low-pass filter for harmonics; (ii) importantly, this study highlights that the influence of the topological configuration of inverters on the reduction of system-level harmonics is more substantial than the effect of line impedance, emphasizing the significance of grid topological configuration; (iii) furthermore, the observed reduction in harmonics is attributed to a harmonic cancellation effect achieved through self-compensation by all the coupled inverters without affecting the active power flow in the power grid. These findings propose a new approach to limit the penetration of complex IBR harmonics in the power grid from a system-wide perspective. This approach significantly differs from the component-level or localized solutions used today, such as inverter control, power filtering, and transformer tap changes.

Ni-WC composite coatings with different rare earth CeO2 additions were prepared on the substrate of 45 steel by induction heating. The wear resistance, corrosion resistance and resistance to thermal fatigue of the coating were checked with a self-made friction and wear tester, a medium-sized salt spray corrosion tank and a box-type resistance furnace. Meanwhile, the microstructure and WC morphology of each coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to assist in the analysis of performance changes. The results show that the 0,5 / % CeO2 content helps to refine the grain size and the WC morphology, and that the 0,5 / % CeO2 content coating has the highest wear resistance, corrosion resistance and resistance to thermal fatigue.

Getting Ni-WC composite coatings with different rare earth CeO2 additions on the substrate of 45 steel by induction heating; testing the surface hardness and cross-section microhardness of the coatings with Rockwell hardness tester and microhardness tester; meanwhile analyzing the microstructure and WC morphology of the coatings by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in order to find the best amount of CeO2 in the coatings. The results show that the 0,5 / % content of CeO2 helps to improve the interfusion bonding between the coating and the substrate, and to refine the grain size, homogenize the composition and increase the hardness of the coating.

Abstract Background Community resilience, which fully reflects the ability of communities to resist, absorb, recover or adapt to disasters, has attracted international attention. Nurses are an important force in disaster prevention, relief and postdisaster reconstruction. This study aims to test the current level of community resilience in Dujiangyan city, which was seriously damaged by the Wenchuan earthquake, and analyze the causes. Methods Community data from 952 residents, 574 families, 5 health care institutions and 12 communities in Dujiangyan city were collected by using stratified, cluster, map and systematic sampling methods. A new community resilience evaluation system from the perspective of nursing was used to test individual, family, health care and environmental resilience. Results In Dujiangyan city, average scores were obtained for community resilience (3.93 ± 0.12), individual resilience (4.07 ± 0.64), family resilience (4.07 ± 0.6), health care resilience (3.84 ± 0.33) and community environment resilience (3.69 ± 0.46). Conclusions The urban communities in Dujiangyan city had acceptable resilience, with good family and individual resilience and medium health care and community environment resilience, but environmental resilience had the lowest score. Because conditions and resilience levels varied among the communities, targeted measures should be taken to improve resilience based on population characteristics, management, professional organizations, hardware and software facilities.

IntroductionThe newly developed Composite Activity-related Risk of Falls Scale (CARFS) is designed to measure composite activity-related risk of falls (CARF) in relation to the activity-specific fear of falling and physical behavior. This study tested the reliability and validity of the CARFS in older people with various health statuses and persons with stroke or spinal cord injury.MethodsParticipants included 70 older adults, 38 persons with stroke, and 18 with spinal cord injury. They were first surveyed using a combined questionnaire including the CARFS and activity-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale in addition to items asking for personal and disease-related information, fall history, walking independence levels for examining internal consistency, ceiling and floor effects, and convergent validity in each participant group. One week after the initial survey, 33 older participants were reexamined using the CARFS to analyze test-retest reliability, where a minimal detectable change was found. Significance was set at α = 0.05 for all analyses.ResultsThe CARFS showed excellent test-retest reliability in the dimensions of fear of falling, physical behavior, and CARF [ICC (3,1) = 0.972, 0.994, and 0.994, respectively for their overall score], with a minimal detectable change of 3.944 in the older population. The internal consistency of CARFS items was excellent in the older participants, good in participants with stroke or spinal cord injury (Cronbach's alpha = 0.945, 0.843, 0.831 in each participant group, respectively). No ceiling and floor effects were demonstrated in the wide range of people. For the convergent validity, overall CARF score was significantly correlated with the average ABC score in each participant group (rho = −0.824, −0.761, and −0.601, respectively; p < 0.01), and was significantly correlated with walking independence levels in each participant group (rho = −0.636, −0.423, and −0.522, respectively; p < 0.01). It showed weak correlation with the number of previous falls only in participants with stroke (rho = 0.291, p = 0.076).ConclusionThe CARFS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring fall risk in older people and persons with stroke or spinal cord injury.

The growing penetration of renewable resources such as wind and solar into the electric power grid through power electronic inverters is challenging grid protection. Due to the advanced inverter control algorithms, the inverter-based resources present fault responses different from conventional generators, which can fundamentally affect the way that the power grid is protected. This paper studied solar inverter dynamics focused on negative-sequence quantities during the restoration period following a grid disturbance by using a real-time digital simulator. It was found that solar inverters can act as negative-sequence sources to inject negative-sequence currents into the grid during the restoration period. The negative-sequence current can be affected by different operating conditions such as the number of inverters in service, grid strength, and grid fault types. Such negative-sequence responses can adversely impact the performance of protection schemes based on negative-sequence components and potentially cause relay maloperations during the grid restoration period, thus making system protection less secure and reliable.

Background: Viral epidemics have long endangered human health and had dramatic impacts on environment and society. The currently known viruses and the rapid emergence of previously unknown viruses lead to an urgent need for effective virus detection strategies. It is important to develop methods that can detect multiple related viruses simultaneously in order to improve detection efficiency and to avoid treatment delays due to misdiagnoses. However, an important practical problem for viruses simultaneously detection is mutual interference between the targets, which is caused by a certain degree of signal superposition., Results: A portable ratio-based triple-emission molecular imprinting fluorescence sensor was constructed to detect hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) simultaneously, which eliminated background interference and mutual interference between the two targets, and improved detection accuracy. In this sensor, a layer containing blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (B-CDs) coated with silicon was used as a constant luminescent core to permit ratiometric detection of signals, this layer also affords visual analysis due to its constant blue color. As signal sources to employ yellow-green and red quantum dots, HAV- and HBV-specific molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by imprinting virus onto the core containing the B-CDs. Under the optimized detection conditions, the simply physically mixing HAV-MIPs and HBV-MIPs in a specific ratio, which leads to non-interfering fluorescence signals and the simultaneous detection of the two target viruses via the rich color visualization under ultraviolet light., Significance: This strategy provides a simple and low-cost (0.26 ¥/sensor) method for the simultaneous detection of two hepatitis viruses, and provides an avenue for the development of portable methods for the simultaneous detection of similar highly infectious viruses. This self-service sensor also has the potential to be used by patients themselves, reducing pressures on medical staff and decreasing risks of cross-infection., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Simultaneous monitoring of key metabolites like dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid is essential for early disease diagnosis and evaluating treatment. Electrochemical techniques are increasingly used for precise, point-of-care testing (POCT) of these metabolites. Herein, a sample pretreatment method called effervescent solid-phase extraction (ESPE) was proposed for efficient enrichment of trace analytes for electrochemical detection. In an ESPE process, effervescent tablets made of gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxide (Au/GO) were first self-dispersed in a test solution to promote the enrichment of analytes on the Au/GO adsorbents, followed by the addition of flocculant effervescent tablets to cause Au/GO sheets to form self-assembled aggregates, which then can be efficiently collected by the foam electrodes. The entire sample pretreatment process operates without external power and takes only 5 min. With the assistance of the ESPE method, our electrochemical sensors achieve an ultralow detection limit for dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid of 80 pM, 1.8 nM, and 460 pM, respectively, which are two to three orders of magnitude lower than the results obtained by the drop casting technique. The enhancement mechanism of our approach is based on increasing the contact probability with analytes through dynamic dispersion of the Au/GO adsorbents, in contrast to the static diffusion mechanism relied on Brownian motion. We also show that combining the ESPE solution kit with a portable micro-electrochemical workstation can attain the same detection level as HPLC in real urine samples. The proposed ESPE approach holds great promise for POCT applications in 2D material-based biosensors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Lamiaceae) leaves are essential culinary and medicinal herbs, native to East Asian countries. Three types of Perilla leaves, including green, green/purple and purple, are mainly found, and the leaf color is a critical attribute for consumer preferences. However, the extent of diversity and variability of metabolites in Perilla leaves of different colors remain elusive. Thus, in this study, we applied LC-QqQ-MS (liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry)-based widely targeted metabolic profiling to investigate variation in the metabolite profiles of green (PF1), green/purple (PF2) and purple (PF3) Perilla leaves., Results: We qualitatively and quantitatively identified a total of 1239 metabolites in Perilla leaves of different colors. Amino acids and derivatives (15.50%), flavonoids (14.77%), phenolic acids (12.19%), lipids (9.60%), carbohydrates and derivatives (8.47%), organic acids and derivatives (7.99%), nucleotides and derivatives (7.99%), and terpenoids (5.25%) were the major classes of metabolites in perilla leaves. In contrast to green leaves, the principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed a considerable influence of genotypes for the variation in purple leaves' metabolite profiles. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) analysis revealed that flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acids and derivatives were the major DAMs, and the phenylpropanoid pathway was the most differentially regulated. All DAMs, including four potential metabolic discriminative biomarkers, were screened out. In addition, we revealed the accumulation patterns of bioactive compounds in the leaves of different colors. It was noteworthy that most of the differentially accumulated flavonoids showed a higher relative content in PF3, followed by PF2 and PF1. Glycosylated cyanidins and delphinidins were identified as the key compounds responsible for the purple coloration of leaves. Finally, we found that the variation in glutamate metabolism may be one of the main contributors for variation in metabolite profiles and biological attributes of Perilla leaves of different colors., Conclusion: Our results showed that the metabolic processes, mainly phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, are differently regulated in green, green/purple and purple Perilla leaves. Furthermore, they offer valuable data for a comprehensive use of Perilla leaves and exploring gene-metabolites interactions in Perilla leaves., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All experimental studies on plants complied with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. This project uses cultivated plant materials and does not utilize wild species and transgenic technology. All the varieties are cultivated varieties given by the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Wuhan, China). Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)