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In tropical nations, snakebite envenomation is a significant public health issue with negative human and social effects. This is due to three factors: 1) more species of the most hazardous snakes are present; 2) emergency medical assistance is not readily available; and 3) inadequate health care. The problems caused by snakebite envenomation have been partially resolved by immunotherapy. An extensive collection of medicinal herbs is recognized to have antivenomous properties in traditional medicine. However, very few species have undergone scientific investigation, and even fewer have had their active components separated and structurally and functionally defined. In this work, the anti-venom potential of hot and cold aqueous extracts from Pittosporum neelgherrense is evaluated using an in-vitro model. The experimental results showed that 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-(11.20), 1-Undecanol (16.38), Lauryl acetate (18.25), and Cyclotridecane (19.14) were phytochemical substances whose chemical structures were recognized by GCMS. The Direct and Indirect hemorrhagic activity was found to be completely neutralized by P. neelgherrense extract (44.61% hot plant extract & 55.38% cold plant extract) and the zone (2.4 mm), respectively. The neutralization of venoms was indicated by the zone (0.5-0.9 cm) of hydrolysis production of proteolytic activity. Additionally, the results of the gelatine liquefaction study demonstrated that clot formation was not triggered by venom at low concentrations (50:50) but was instead brought on by higher concentrations. The present study suggested that the neutralization of venom by hot water extracts of P. neelgherrense is a potentially therapeutic application., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Stainless steel (SS) orthodontic brackets may have varying corrosion resistance when used with mouthwashes during orthodontic treatment. Studying their effects on orthodontic brackets will be beneficial., Aim: The study's objective was to analyze the surface characteristics of SS orthodontic brackets and their resistance to corrosion, exposed to chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine mouth rinses - an in vitro and in vivo study., Materials and Methods: The in vitro test: MBT 0.022" slot SS orthodontic brackets were immersed in three groups - Group A - Modified Meyer-Fusayama artificial saliva (AS), Group B - Chlorhexidine, and Group C - Povidone-iodine mouthwash. The in vivo test: Brackets were conventionally bonded on the patient's teeth and divided into Group I - control group, Group II - patients used chlorhexidine, and Group III used povidone-iodine mouth rinse. The corrosion resistance and surface characteristics of SS brackets were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy., Results: Higher corrosion resistance was obtained for brackets immersed in chlorhexidine mouth rinse. The polarization resistance value of the orthodontic SS bracket was 109 MΩ, 1383 MΩ, and 769 MΩ immersed in AS, chlorhexidine, and povidone-iodine mouth rinse, respectively. After surface chemical analysis, XPS data showed the largest intensity peak of metallic chromium (CrO) fresh sample and in the sample immersed in chlorhexidine mouthwash. According to SEM, brackets immersed in chlorhexidine showed a relatively smooth surface., Conclusion: In this study, chlorhexidine was found to be less corrosive followed by povidone-iodine., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.)

Objective: To assess the utility of oropharyngeal crowding indicators as predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)., Methods: STOP-BANG Questionnaire was administered to 145 adults. Of the 95 with high OSA risk, 42 underwent polysomnography. Intraoral space was assessed using modified Mallampati (MMP) and Friedman Scoring (FS) System., Results: Twenty-four were found to have OSA by polysomnography. Most with low risk (86%) had only Class I MMP. Whereas Class III and IV were seen in 37.9% and 17.9% patients with high risk ( p  < .001) and 50% and 20.8% patients with OSA ( p  < .831), respectively. All with low risk had Stage 1 FS. Stages 3 and 4 were observed in 27.4% and 1.1% in the high-risk group ( p  < .001) and in 29.2% and 4.2% with OSA ( p  < .092), respectively., Conclusion: In limited settings, either MMP or FS scores along with the STOP-BANG questionnaire can be used to diagnose OSA.