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Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC) represents an important advancement in the estimation of moving target parameters and imaging of targets in high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems. When the motion of a target or platform becomes complex, the traditional low-order RCMC method may no longer be suitable. Meanwhile, the existing high-order RCMC method based on parameterization is susceptible to issues such as model mismatch and high computational complexity. Additionally, its performance may decrease significantly under a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). This research utilizes Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to track the phase responsible for RCM and develop a phase compensation function to achieve RCMC. The proposed approach is model-independent and can track high-order components in the phase, thereby enabling high-order RCMC of moving targets in SAR. In addition, EKF can filter signals during phase tracking to effectively lower the SNR threshold of the proposed method. Thus, this method offers broad applicability, moderate computational complexity, and the ability to correct non-negligible high-order residual range cell migrations, thereby distinguishing it from traditional methods. This study thoroughly explains the principles and mathematical model behind the proposed method, demonstrating its effectiveness and superiority through multiple sets of simulations and measured data processing.

In the context of the San Gavain hydroelectric power station diversion tunnel project in Peru, this paper studies the surrounding rock instability mechanism using a combination of numerical simulation methods and model test and presents the enclosing rock instability criterion based on the catastrophe model. The study demonstrates that the distribution of stress and displacement during tunnel excavation is more affected by the presence of laminated joints; the thinner the layer thickness, the more prominent the influence of laminations, and the higher the deformation of the surrounding rock. With the increase in layer thickness, the resultant displacement shows the law of gradual decrease; when the layer thickness is greater than 16 cm, the rate of decrease gradually slows down, and the maximum displacement is 0.201 mm. The failure mode of the layered perimeter rock tunnel with a 45° inclination angle primarily shows up as tensile deformation at the left arch shoulder and shear slip deformation at the right arch foot under the combined action of blasting disturbance load and excavation. Based on the instability analysis of the fold catastrophe model and cups catastrophe model, the influence of bending deformation between layers of surrounding rock is generally greater than shear slip deformation. The instability criterion Δ＜0 exists in all working conditions, bending instability damage may occur in all cases. When the layer thickness is greater than 24 cm, the shear slip instability criterion is greater than zero for 0–2 ms, and the system is always in a stable state, and when the layer thickness is less than 24 cm, the system may be destabilized at 1.5 ms.

Abstract Background Calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) poses a formidable challenge in treatment due to the distinct anatomical structure and functional properties of the calcaneus. The present study endeavors to furnish a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, and therapeutic outcomes pertaining to pediatric calcaneal osteomyelitis (PCO) by conducting a meticulous synthesis and analysis of cases reported in the literature. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify English-language studies analyzing PCO between 2000 and 2021. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale. Effective data were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 42 studies, encompassing 128 patients, fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. The gender distribution revealed a male-to-female ratio of 2:1 (81 boys and 40 girls). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 8 years, while the median duration of symptoms was 0.6 month. Trauma emerged as the primary etiology (41 cases, 54%), and limited activity was the most prevalent symptom (68 cases). The positive rate for pathogen culture was 75.4% (49/65), with Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly isolated pathogen (28 cases, 57.1%). Surgical intervention was performed in 51% (64/126) of the patients, with debridement serving as the primary surgical strategy. The rate of infection recurrence was 6.8% (8/118), and the risk of below-knee amputation was 0.8% (1/124). Conclusions PCO occurred more frequently in male patients, with trauma being the primary underlying cause and Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent bacterial pathogen isolated. Over half of the patients underwent surgical intervention. Nonetheless, it is imperative that treatment strategies undergo further refinement, as approximately 7% of patients experienced infection recurrence.

Abstract Aim To construct an evaluation index system for the core competence of nurses in sleep medicine specialties. Background Specialized nurses in sleep medicine must handle treatment, nursing, and management well, which requires nurses to have excellent competence in knowledge, skills, and ability. However, a competency evaluation system for sleep medicine nurses has not been established in China. Methods We used a literature review and an expert meeting to establish a draft indicator system. Subsequently, two rounds of correspondence were conducted with 27 experts from 5 provinces using the Delphi method to solicit their opinions on the core competency evaluation indicators for sleep medicine nurse specialists and to qualitatively evaluate the experts’ scores. The consensus was defined in advance as a mean score of 4.0 or above, with at least 75% agreement among participants. In this way, the final indicator framework was determined. Results The final evaluation indexes of the core competencies for sleep medicine Nurse Specialists included 6 first-level indexes (Practical ability, Theoretical Knowledge, Critical thinking, Communication and coordination, Nursing Management, and Professional Development), 16 s-level indexes, and 64 third-level indexes. The effective response rates of the two expert consultation rounds were 100%. The expert authority coefficients were 0.878 and 0.865 in the first and second rounds of consultation, respectively. In the second round of consultation, the first, second, and third indexes of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were 0.373, 0.351, and 0.286, respectively (P

Abstract Background Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer can significantly benefit from HER2-directed therapy – such as the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. However, some patients can develop therapy resistance or change HER2 status. Thus, we urgently need new, noninvasive strategies to monitor patients frequently. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from tumor cells are emerging as potential biomarker candidates. These membrane-delimited nanoparticles harbor molecular signatures of their origin cells; report rapidly on changes to cellular status; and can be frequently sampled from accessible biofluids. Results Using Single Extracellular VEsicle Nanoscopy (SEVEN) platform that combines affinity isolation of EVs with super-resolution microscopy, here we provide multiparametric characterization of EVs with ~ 8 nm precision and molecular sensitivity. We first interrogated cell culture EVs affinity-enriched in tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81; these transmembrane proteins are commonly found on EV membranes. SEVEN robustly provided critical parameters of individual, tetraspanin-enriched EVs: concentration, size, shape, molecular cargo content, and heterogeneity. Trastuzumab-resistant cells (vs. trastuzumab-sensitive) secreted more EVs. Additionally, EVs from trastuzumab-resistant cells had lower tetraspanin density and higher HER2 density. We also evaluated EVs affinity-enriched in HER2; we found that these EVs (vs. tetraspanin-enriched) were larger and more elongated. We further optimized analytical sample processing to assess a rare population of HER2-enriched EVs from patient plasma. In breast cancer patients with elevated HER2 protein expression (vs. controls), HER2-enriched EVs had distinct characteristics including typically increased number of tetraspanin molecules and larger size. Importantly, these EVs were on average 25-fold more abundant compared to no cancer controls. Conclusions SEVEN revealed unique characteristics of HER2-enriched EVs in cultured cells and complex biological fluid. In combination with current clinical approaches, this method is well poised to support precise therapeutic decisions. Graphical abstract

Abstract Background Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are highly valuable for drug-metabolism evaluation, liver disease modeling and hepatocyte transplantation. However, their availability is significantly restricted due to limited donor sources, alongside their constrained proliferation capabilities and reduced functionality when cultured in vitro. To address this challenge, we aimed to develop a novel method to efficiently expand PHHs in vitro without a loss of function. Methods By mimicking the in vivo liver regeneration route, we developed a two-step strategy involving the de-differentiation/expansion and subsequent maturation of PHHs to generate abundant functional hepatocytes in vitro. Initially, we applied SiPer, a prediction algorithm, to identify candidate small molecules capable of activating liver regenerative transcription factors, thereby formulating a novel hepatic expansion medium to de-differentiate PHHs into proliferative human hepatic progenitor-like cells (ProHPLCs). These ProHPLCs were then re-differentiated into functionally mature hepatocytes using a new hepatocyte maturation condition. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanism of PHHs expansion under our new conditions. Results The novel hepatic expansion medium containing hydrocortisone facilitated the de-differentiation of PHHs into ProHPLCs, which exhibited key hepatic progenitor characteristics and demonstrated a marked increase in proliferation capacity compared to cells cultivated in previously established expansion conditions. Remarkably, these subsequent matured hepatocytes rivaled PHHs in terms of transcriptome profiles, drug metabolizing activities and in vivo engraftment capabilities. Importantly, our findings suggest that the enhanced expansion of PHHs by hydrocortisone may be mediated through the PPARα signaling pathway and regenerative transcription factors. Conclusions This study presents a two-step strategy that initially induces PHHs into a proliferative state (ProHPLCs) to ensure sufficient cell quantity, followed by the maturation of ProHPLCs into fully functional hepatocytes to guarantee optimal cell quality. This approach offers a promising means of producing large numbers of seeding cells for hepatocyte-based applications.

Abstract Regenerating inflamed bone defects represents a severe clinical challenge due to the undesirable inflammatory microenvironment. The inflammatory stimulus poses a weighty threat to the regenerative capacity of endogenously derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are mainly responsible for osteogenic differentiation, thereby resulting in compromised endogenous bone formation. Consequently, alleviating the biological characteristics of inflammatory-impaired MSCs is crucial for promoting inflamed bone regeneration. Nano-sized small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic tools to orchestrate MSCs fate due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and encapsulated bioactive contents. In the present study, we extracted sEVs from youthful and adult dental pulp MSCs and explored their ability to recover inflammation-compromised periodontal ligament stem cells (IPDLSCs). The results indicated that both types of sEVs were capable of facilitating IPDLSCs osteogenesis. However, young sEVs exhibited a more robust potential at a lower concentration compared to adult sEVs. Mechanically, young sEVs enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) via delivering the protein Biglycan, which correspondingly promoted the osteogenic capability of IPDLSCs. Collectively, our findings emphasized that young sEVs hold enormous potential to rescue the inherent function and regenerative competence of inflammation-impaired MSCs, shedding light on their promising therapeutic prospects for infected bone regeneration.

Abstract Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be reactivated and proliferated with fatal outcome in immuno-compromised people, but the clinical consequences of EBV infection in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the infection rate, the influence and the early predictors of EBV infection in SFTS patients. Methods In this retrospective study, SFTS patients who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2011 to August 2021 were enrolled and divided into infected and non-infected groups. We compared the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and signs, laboratory tests and prognosis, and explored the risk factors of EBV infection by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression. Results A total of 120 hospitalized SFTS patients with EBV-DNA testing were enrolled in this study. Patients with EBV infection had statistically significant higher mortality rate (32.0% vs. 11.43%, P = 0.005). Compared with the non-infected group, the EBV-infected group had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine-kinase (CK), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), D-dimer, and CD56+ cell counts, lower levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, complement 3 (C3), and C4. The proportion of patients with age ≥ 60 years and ferritin > 1500.0 ng/ml in the EBV-infected group was significantly higher than that in the non-infected group. The results of ROC analysis showed that the cut-off values of CRP, IgG, C3, C4, and CD56+ cell counts to predict EBV infection were 13.2 mg/l, 12.5 g/l, 1.1 g/l, 0.6 g/l, 0.3 g/l, and 94.0 cells/µl. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old, CRP > 13.2 mg/l, BUN > 5.4 mmol/l, ferritin > 1500.0 ng/ml, IgG 94.0 cells/µl were the independent risk factors of EBV infection in SFTS patients. Conclusions SFTS combined with EBV infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to strengthen screening for EBV infection and its early predictive markers after admission in SFTS patients.

Recent research certified that DOT1L and its mutations represented by R231Q were potential targets for the treatment of lung cancer. Herein, a series of adenosine-containing derivatives were identified with DOT1LR231Q inhibition through antiproliferation assay and Western blot analysis in the H460R231Q cell. The most promising compound 37 significantly reduced DOT1LR231Q mediated H3K79 methylation and effectively inhibited the proliferation, self-renewal, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cell lines at low micromolar concentrations. The cell permeability and cellular target engagement of 37 were verified by both CETSA and DARTS assays. In the H460R231Q OE cell-derived xenograft (CDX) model, 37 displayed pronounced tumor growth inhibition after intraperitoneal administration at 20 mg/kg dose for 3 weeks (TGI = 54.38%), without obvious toxicities. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that 37 possessed tolerable properties (t1/2 = 1.93 ± 0.91 h, F = 97.2%) after intraperitoneal administration in rats. Mechanism study confirmed that 37 suppressed malignant phenotypes of lung cancer carrying R231Q gain-of-function mutation via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Moreover, analysis of the binding modes between molecules and DOT1LWT/R231Q proteins put forward the “Induced-fit” allosteric model in favor to the discovery of potent DOT1L candidates.

The micromechanical response of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) annealed in air below and above its glass transition temperature was studied. Nano-sized particles in different states at different annealing temperatures were found on the surface of the samples, which were identified by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as being CuNi elemental composition. The surface microhardness and nanoindentation creep behavior of the BMGs after annealed exhibited interesting results, at low annealing temperatures, the microhardness of the samples showed softening accompanied by poor creep resistance, while at high annealing temperatures, the hardness of the samples shows hardening and creep resistance was enhanced. The consequences of such a temperature-dependent dichotomy were intricately linked to element segregation, which led to microstructural fluctuations. A competing mechanism between the hardening effect of zirconia at the surface and the softening effect of elemental segregation in the formation of microporous structures inside the samples is proposed to account for the divergent mechanical properties due to the annealing temperature. This work presents helpful insights into microstructural changes and micromechanical properties of BMGs during annealing, as well as an experimental support for structural and property modulation of BMGs.

To evaluate the efficacy of radiomics features extracted from preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans in distinguishing benign and malignant pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs), a retrospective study of 395 patients from 2016 to 2020 was conducted. All nodules were randomly divided into the training and validation sets in the ratio of 7:3. Radiomics features were extracted using MaZda software (version 4.6), and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was employed for feature selection. Significant differences were observed in the training set between benign and malignant pGGNs in sex, mean CT value, margin, pleural retraction, tumor–lung interface, and internal vascular change, and then the mean CT value and the morphological features model were constructed. Fourteen radiomics features were selected by LASSO for the radiomics model. The combined model was developed by integrating all selected radiographic and radiomics features using logistic regression. The AUCs in the training set were 0.606 for the mean CT value, 0.718 for morphological features, 0.756 for radiomics features, and 0.808 for the combined model. In the validation set, AUCs were 0.601, 0.692, 0.696, and 0.738, respectively. The decision curves showed that the combined model demonstrated the highest net benefit.

Abstract The analysis of genomic variations in offspring after implantation has been infrequently studied. In this study, we aim to investigate the extent of de novo mutations in humans from developing fetus to birth. Using high-depth whole-genome sequencing, 443 parent-offspring trios were studied to compare the results of de novo mutations (DNMs) between different groups. The focus was on fetuses and newborns, with DNA samples obtained from the families’ blood and the aspirated embryonic tissues subjected to deep sequencing. It was observed that the average number of total DNMs in the newborns group was 56.26 (54.17–58.35), which appeared to be lower than that the multifetal reduction group, which was 76.05 (69.70–82.40) (F = 2.42, P = 0.12). However, after adjusting for parental age and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), significant differences were found between the two groups. The analysis was further divided into single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion/deletion of a small number of bases (indels), and it was discovered that the average number of de novo SNVs associated with the multifetal reduction group and the newborn group was 49.89 (45.59–54.20) and 51.09 (49.22–52.96), respectively. No significant differences were noted between the groups (F = 1.01, P = 0.32). However, a significant difference was observed for de novo indels, with a higher average number found in the multifetal reduction group compared to the newborn group (F = 194.17, P

Abstract Background Given the rapid population aging in China, achieving universal health coverage (UHC) presents a primary challenge in addressing unmet healthcare needs and associated inequalities among middle-aged and older adults. Several studies have focused on healthcare utilization and its inequalities, but little attention has been paid to the inequality in unmet healthcare needs. This study aimed to analyze the inequalities in unmet the healthcare needs of middle-aged and older adults in eastern China during the progression toward UHC. Methods Data were obtained from the fourth, fifth, and sixth National Health Service Survey (NHSS) of Jiangsu Province, located in eastern China, during the years 2008, 2013, and 2018, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associated factors of unmet healthcare needs. The inequality was measured according to the concentration index (CI) and its decomposition. Results In this study, we found that 12.86%, 2.22%, and 48.89% of middle-aged and older adults reported unmet needs for outpatient and inpatient services and physical examinations, respectively. The prevalence of unmet outpatient needs increased from 2008 to 2018, while the prevalence of unmet inpatient services was lower but maintained. The prevalence of unmet needs for physical examinations among middle-aged and older adults markedly decreased since 2008. Rural areas had a higher prevalence of unmet needs for inpatient services and physical examinations than urban areas. Unmet healthcare needs were more prevalent among the poor. The pro-poor inequalities of unmet healthcare needs have been mitigated during the progression toward UHC; however, they remain predominant among rural middle-aged and older adults for outpatient and inpatient services. Socioeconomic factors significantly influenced unmet healthcare needs and contributed to their inequalities. Conclusions The findings characterize the prevalence and inequality of unmet healthcare need among middle-aged and older adults in eastern China during the progression toward UHC. Policy interventions should be actively advocated to effectively mitigate the unmet healthcare needs and address the associated inequalities.

Abstract Due to the advanced studies on stem cells in developmental biology, the roles of stem cells in the body and their phenotypes in related diseases have not been covered clearly. Meanwhile, with the intensive research on the mechanisms of stem cells in regulating various diseases, stem cell therapy is increasingly being attention because of its effectiveness and safety. As one of the most widely used stem cell in stem cell therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation shows huge advantage in treatment of leukemia and other blood-malignant diseases. Besides, due to the effect of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, mesenchymal stem cells could be a potential therapeutic strategy for variety infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the effects of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and its components on different types of adult stem cells and their downstream signaling pathways. Also, we reviewed the roles of different kinds of stem cells in various disease models caused by S. aureus, providing new insights for applying stem cell therapy to treat infectious diseases.

Abstract Efficient thrombolysis in time is crucial for prognostic improvement of patients with acute arterial thromboembolic disease, while limitations and complications still exist in conventional thrombolytic treatment methods. Herein, our study sought to investigate a novel dual-mode strategy that integrated ultrasound (US) and near-infrared light (NIR) with establishment of hollow mesoporous silica nanoprobe (HMSN) which contains Arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptide (thrombus targeting), perfluoropentane (PFP) (thrombolysis with phase-change and stable cavitation) and indocyanine green (ICG) (thrombolysis with photothermal conversion). HMSN is used as the carrier, the surface is coupled with targeted RGD to achieve high targeting and permeability of thrombus, PFP and ICG are loaded to achieve the collaborative diagnosis and treatment of thrombus by US and NIR, so as to provide a new strategy for the integration of diagnosis and treatment of arterial thrombus. From the in vitro and in vivo evaluation, RGD/ICG/PFP@HMSN can aggregate and penetrate at the site of thrombus, and finally establish the dual-mode directional development and thrombolytic treatment under the synergistic effect of US and NIR, providing strong technical support for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of arterial thrombosis. Graphical Abstract

In July 2021, a heavy rainstorm was sweeping across Henan Province, causing geological disasters such as floods, mudslides, and landslides, which seriously threatened the safety of human life and property. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is related to the occurrence and scale of rainfall. Here, based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, in-situ meteorological files (GMET), ephemeris products, ERA5 data, and weather station data, the relationship between PWV and rainstorm from July 1st to 30th was studied. The results show that GMET and ERA5 in July 2021 have high consistency in some stations, with a root mean square error (RMSE) for temperature below 1.6 °C, for pressure below 0.5 hPa, and for relative humidity below 9 %. During the week before the heavy rainstorm, the temperature dropped remarkably and the temperature difference decreased, while the relative humidity increased and the relative humidity difference decreased. Compared with ERA5 PWV, the RMSE of GNSS PWV retrieved using real-time ephemeris is 3.238 mm. Different from the normal rainfall, we found that the PWV variation during the Henan rainstorm experienced a unique “accumulation” period. We also observed a clear correlation between PWV and the rainstorm, both temporally and spatially. In addition, the PWV in the severely damaged area was 20 mm higher than the average value of the past decade. Ten days after the rainstorm, the surface of this area had subsided by 1.5–3 mm. Finally, we found that the topography of Henan, the low vortex, the north-biased subtropical high, and the double typhoons all played a role in the successful transport and deposition of water vapor.

Objective To reveal the deformation evolution of the Xinhua landslide in Luding County, Sichuan Province under the comprehensive effects of reservoir impoundment, reservoir water level fluctuations and seasonal rainfall, and to explore the progressive cumulative effect of the strength degradation of the landslide rock and soil mass under the coupling of multiple factors. Methods In this paper, based on a field investigation and multisource long sequence monitoring data analysis of the Xinhua landslide in the reservoir area of the hydropower project, combined with the three-stage evolution characteristics of the landslide cumulative deformation-time (S-t) curve and the measured S-t curve of the Xinhua landslide, the evolution stages of the three-step deformation cycles of the Xinhua landslide are identified and divided. At the same time, the improved tangent angle method is used for calculation and analysis, and a quantitative classification standard for Xinhua landslide classification early warning based on the improved displacement tangent angle early warning threshold is constructed. Results The results show that the short-term large increase of water level during the initial impoundment period, the rapid decrease of water level during the reservoir operation period and the influence of seasonal heavy rainfall are the main factors to accelerate the deformation of the Xinhua landslide. Conclusion According to the analysis and discussion, the improved displacement tangent angle early warning threshold can provide guidance for identifying the current stability state and potential risks of the Xinhua landslide to a certain extent, but multiple early warning indicators should still be considered, and the signs of macroscopic deformation and failure of landslides should be integrated for judgement.

BackgroundAs a result of the recent advancements in technology, the incorporation of digital interventions into the health care system has gained a lot of attention and adoption globally. However, these interventions have not been fully adopted, thereby limiting their impact on health care delivery in West Africa. ObjectiveThis review primarily aims at evaluating the current digital interventions for medication and health care delivery in West Africa. Its secondary aim is to assess the impacts of digital interventions in managing medication and health care service delivery with the intent of providing vital recommendations that would contribute to an excellent adoption of digital intervention tools in the health care space in West Africa. MethodsIn line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), a comprehensive search through various databases yielded 529 results. After a rigorous screening, 29 articles that provided information on 3 broad digital health intervention tools were found eligible for this review. ResultsOut of 29 studies, 16 (55%) studies examined phone-based interventions, 9 (31%) studies focused on tele- and e-based interventions, and 4 (14%) studies evaluated digital interventions. These interventions were used for diverse purposes, some of which are monitoring adverse drug reactions, general health, sexual and reproductive health, and training of health care practitioners. The phone-based intervention appears to be the most known and impactful of all the interventions, followed by tele- and e-based, while digital interventions were scarcely used. ConclusionsDigital interventions have had a considerable level of impact on medication and health care delivery across West Africa. However, the overall impact is limited. Therefore, strategies must be developed to address the challenges limiting the use of digital intervention tools so that these tools can be fully incorporated into the health care space in West Africa.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of fat (hydroxyapatite) density [DFat (HAP)] on dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for identifying clinical diagnosed multiple myeloma without bone disease (MNBD) that is not visible on conventional CT scans. Material and Methods: In this age-gender-examination sites matched case control prospective study, Chest and/or abdominal images on Revolution CT of MNBDs and control subjects were consecutive enrolled in a 1:2 ratio from October 2022 to November 2023. Multiple myeloma was clinical diagnosed according to criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn separately for all thoracolumbar vertebrae in the scanning range by two radiologists. Additionally, a radiologist specializing in musculoskeletal imaging supervised the process. DFat (HAP) was extracted from each ROI. The spine was divided into upper thoracic (UPT), middle and lower thoracic (MLT), thoracolumbar (TL), and middle and lower lumbar (MLL) vertebrae. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of DFat (HAP) in diagnosing multiple myeloma, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy under the optimal cut-off were determined by Youden index (sensitivity + specificity −1). Results: A total of 32 and MNBD patients and 64 control patients were included. The total number of ROIs outlined included MNBD group (n = 493) and control group (n = 986). For all vertebrae, DFat(HAP) got average performance in the diagnosis of MNBD (AUC = 0.733, p

Phytopathogens represent an ongoing threat to crop production and a significant impediment to global food security. During the infection process, these pathogens spatiotemporally deploy a large array of effectors to sabotage host defense machinery and/or manipulate cellular pathways, thereby facilitating colonization and infection. However, besides their pivotal roles in pathogenesis, certain effectors, known as avirulence (AVR) effectors, can be directly or indirectly perceived by plant resistance (R) proteins, leading to race-specific resistance. An in-depth understanding of the intricate AVR-R interactions is instrumental for genetic improvement of crops and safeguarding them from diseases. Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), the causative agent of rice blast disease, is an exceptionally virulent and devastating fungal pathogen that induces blast disease on over 50 monocot plant species, including economically important crops. Rice-M. oryzae pathosystem serves as a prime model for functional dissection of AVR effectors and their interactions with R proteins and other target proteins in rice due to its scientific advantages and economic importance. Significant progress has been made in elucidating the potential roles of AVR effectors in the interaction between rice and M. oryzae over the past two decades. This review comprehensively discusses recent advancements in the field of M. oryzae AVR effectors, with a specific focus on their multifaceted roles through interactions with corresponding R/target proteins in rice during infection. Furthermore, we deliberated on the emerging strategies for engineering R proteins by leveraging the structural insights gained from M. oryzae AVR effectors.

Landslides are one of the geological disasters with wide distribution, high impact and serious damage around the world. Landslide risk assessment can help us know the risk of landslides occurring, which is an effective way to prevent landslide disasters in advance. In recent decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly and has been used in a wide range of applications, especially for natural hazards. Based on the published literatures, this paper presents a detailed review of AI applications in landslide risk assessment. Three key areas where the application of AI is prominent are identified, including landslide detection, landslide susceptibility assessment, and prediction of landslide displacement. Machine learning (ML) containing deep learning (DL) has emerged as the primary technology which has been considered successfully due to its ability to quantify complex nonlinear relationships of soil structures and landslide predisposing factors. Among the algorithms, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are two models that are most widely used with satisfactory results in landslide risk assessment. The generalization ability, sampling training strategies, and hyper-parameters optimization of these models are crucial and should be carefully considered. The challenges and opportunities of AI applications are also fully discussed to provide suggestions for future research in landslide risk assessment.

BackgroundMandibular defects pose significant challenges in reconstructive surgery, and scaffold materials are increasingly recognized for their potential to address these challenges. Among various scaffold materials, Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is noted for its exceptional osteogenic properties. However, improvements in its biodegradation rate and mechanical strength are essential for optimal performance.MethodsIn this study, we developed a novel β-TCP-based scaffold, CFBB, by calcining fetal bovine cancellous bone. To enhance its properties, we modified CFBB with Chitosan (CS) and Zinc (Zn), creating three additional scaffold materials: CFBB/CS, CFBB/Zn2+, and CFBB/Zn2+/CS. We conducted comprehensive assessments of their physicochemical and morphological properties, degradation rates, biocompatibility, osteogenic ability, new bone formation, and neovascularization both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsOur findings revealed that all four materials were biocompatible and safe for use. The modifications with CS and Zn2+ significantly improved the mechanical strength, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties of CFBB, while concurrently decelerating its resorption rate. Among the tested materials, CFBB/Zn2+/CS demonstrated superior performance in promoting bone regeneration and vascularization, making it a particularly promising candidate for mandibular reconstruction.ConclusionThe CFBB/Zn2+/CS scaffold material, with its enhanced mechanical, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties, and a controlled resorption rate, emerges as a highly effective alternative for the repair of oral mandible defects. This study underscores the potential of combining multiple bioactive agents in scaffold materials to improve their functionality for specific clinical applications in bone tissue engineering.

IntroductionEarthen sites are essential cultural relic resources, and site museums are a fundamental component of China’s cultural heritage protection. The mausoleum of the Qin Shi Huang Emperor is one of the largest, most peculiar, and richest imperial tombs in the world. The exhibition hall of the burial pit No. 1 of the Terra Cotta Warriors is the earliest exhibition hall built and opened to the public. However, after years of excavation and open exhibitions, the earthen site of the Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum has deteriorated to varying degrees due to changes in the modern environment. There is an urgent need to control microbial diseases and protect the earthen site.MethodsWe analyzed the physical and chemical properties and bioindicators of the collected soil samples. We also established a metagenomic library and conducted a correlation analysis between microbial community composition and environmental factors. Cultivable fungi obtained from air and soil samples were identified, and allicin volatile gas fungistasis test was conducted.ResultResearch has found that four different areas of the exhibition hall have different types of microbial diseases owing to their different environments. The main pathogenic fungi in earthen site may lead to potential microbial diseases that affect important cultural relics such as the Terra Cotta Warriors. Penicillium, Aspergillus and Talaromyces showed relatively specific growth in relation to environmental factors and showed a better raw growth advantage.Allicin gas had a inhibitory effect on 12 types of fungi, therefore allicin gas had a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of the most culturable fungal hyphae.DiscussionThis study provides basic data for the study of microbial diversity in the exhibition hall of Pit No. 1 at the Terracotta Warriors Museum in Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum. It provides a reference for future protection work, which is of great significance.

IntroductionLimited information exists regarding the microbiome composition of yak calves of varying weights. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbiomes of mother-calf pairs with different weight profiles.MethodsFecal and blood samples were collected from both lower-weight (CB) and higher-weight (HB) yak calves, along with their corresponding female yaks (CA, HA).ResultsThe results revealed significantly higher levels of T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) in HB animals (p < 0.001). Sequencing yielded 652,181 and 643,369 filtered reads in female and calf yaks, respectively. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that Chao1, Faith_pd, and Observed species were significantly higher in CA compared to HA (p < 0.01). Furthermore, nine genera were notably different between HA and CA yaks, including Avispirillum, Fimenecus, CAG-1031, Odoribacter 865974, and Jeotgalicoccus A 310962. Compared to CB yaks, CA animals exhibited significant differences in one phylum and six genera, including CAG-485 (p < 0.05), CAG-83 (p < 0.01), Copromorpha (p < 0.01), Phocaeicola A 858004 (p < 0.05), and UBA2253 (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn summary, higher-weight yak calves demonstrated increased oxidative resistance, and weight profiles were linked to the microbiomes of both female yaks and their calves. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing yak breeding practices in high-altitude regions.

BackgroundIn many parts of the world, men who have sex with men and transgender individuals face criminalization and discrimination. As a result, they are less likely to seek medical help, despite experiencing higher rates of HIV/AIDS, mental health issues, and other health problems. Reaching key populations (KPs) with essential testing, care, and treatment services can be challenging, as they often have a higher likelihood of contracting and spreading the virus. They have limited access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) services, which means that KPs may continue to serve as reservoirs for new HIV infections if they do not receive effective HIV programming. This ongoing issue complicates efforts to control the epidemic. Therefore, modeling a digital health system to track ARV medication access and use is crucial. This paper advocates for the use of digital interventions to manage the health of KPs in underserved regions, using Nigeria as a case study. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess digital health interventions for monitoring medication and consultations among transgender people in underserved communities. It also sought to determine whether a system exists that could support ART adherence in Nigeria. Additionally, the study evaluated design strategies to address privacy and confidentiality concerns, aiming to reduce nonadherence to ARV medications among KPs in Nigeria. MethodsA qualitative approach was adopted for this research, involving a thematic analysis of information collected from interviews with clinicians and other health practitioners who work directly with these communities, as well as from an interactive (virtual) workshop. ResultsThe findings from the thematic analysis indicate a need to increase attendance at ART therapy sessions through the implementation of an intensive care web app. Unlike previous solutions, this study highlights the importance of incorporating a reminder feature that integrates with an in-app telemedicine consultancy platform. This platform would facilitate discussions about client challenges, such as adverse drug effects, counseling sessions with clinical psychologists, and the impact of identity discrimination on mental health. Other data-driven health needs identified in the study are unique drug request nodes, client-led viral load calculators, remote requests, and drug delivery features within the web app. Participants also emphasized the importance of monitoring medication compliance and incorporating user feedback mechanisms, such as ratings and encouragement symbols (eg, stars, checkmarks), to motivate adherence. ConclusionsThe study concludes that technology-driven solutions could enhance ART adherence and reduce HIV transmission among transgender people. It also recommends that local governments and international organizations collaborate and invest in health management services that prioritize health needs over identity.

Gastric cancer (GC), a malignant tumor, is highly prevalent, particularly in Asia. miR-509-3p plays a crucial role in regulating tumorigenesis, but its mechanism in GC remains unclear. Potential targets of miR-509-3p were identified through database analysis (miRWalk, TargetScan, ENCORI, and TCGA). The binding site between miR-509-3p and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) was confirmed using a dual-luciferase assay. CCK-8, EdU, Transwell, wound healing assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis were employed to examine changes in proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, FOXM1, and the p38 MAPK (p38)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway in GC cells (MNK-45 and HGC-27) after miR-509-3p overexpression or knockdown, FOXM1 overexpression, and application of the p38 pathway agonist Anisomycin. The size and weight of subcutaneous xenografts were measured, and the effects of miR-509-3p overexpression were analyzed through histopathological staining (Tunel immunofluorescence, HE staining, Ki67, and FOXM1 immunohistochemistry). The results showed that overexpression of miR-509-3p suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion while accelerating apoptosis. Knockdown of miR-509-3p promoted malignant progression. miR-509-3p inhibited GC by regulating FOXM1-mediated p38/MK2 pathway activation, and miR-509-3p mimics restrained tumor growth in vivo through this pathway. In conclusion, miR-509-3p suppresses GC malignant progression by regulating FOXM1-mediated p38/MK2 pathway activation.

ObjectivesOur study aims to clarify the causality between air pollutants and lung function, chronic respiratory diseases, and the potential mediating effects of inflammatory proteins.MethodWe employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis with comprehensive instrumental variables screening criteria to investigate the effects of air pollutants on lung function and chronic lung diseases. Our study incorporated genetic instruments for air pollutants, ensuring F-statistics above 20.86. A total of 18 MR analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance weighted approach, along with heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests to validate the results. Mediated MR analysis was utilized to evaluate the inflammatory proteins mediating the effects of air pollutants.ResultMR analysis demonstrated significant causal interactions of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), PM10, and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with lung function decline. Specifically, PM10 negatively affected forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (OR: 0.934, 95% CI: 0.904–0.965, p = 4.27 × 10−5), forced vital capacity (FVC) (OR: 0.941, 95% CI: 0.910–0.972, p = 2.86 × 10−4), and FEV1/FVC (OR: 0.965, 95% CI: 0.934–0.998, p = 0.036). PM2.5 and NO2 were identified as potential risk factors for impairing FEV1 (OR: 0.936, 95% CI: 0.879–0.998, p = 0.042) and FEV1/FVC (OR: 0.943, 95% CI: 0.896–0.992, p = 0.024), respectively. For chronic respiratory diseases, PM2.5 and NO2 were associated with increased COPD incidence (OR: 1.273, 95% CI: 1.053–1.541, p = 0.013 for PM2.5; OR: 1.357, 95% CI: 1.165–1.581, p = 8.74 × 10−5 for NO2). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, with no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy detected.ConclusionOur study ascertained the causal correlations of air pollutants with lung function and COPD, emphasizing the importance of reducing air pollution. Interleukin-17A mediates the reduction of FEV1 and FVC by PM10, revealing potential therapeutic targets.

The Whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) protein family consists of proteins with one or more WFDC domains which are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body of human and perform a wide range of functions, including antiprotease, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory functions. Aberrant expression of WFDC proteins is associated with human diseases. However, review on the WFDC protein family is limited and insufficient. Furthermore, a systematic summary of the underlying mechanisms of WFDC protein activity is lacking. In this review, we give a summary of the structural basis and molecular function of these proteins and review the immune regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of WFDC proteins in the development of certain diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic potential of multiple WFDC proteins in the aforementioned conditions, as well as their prospective use. At last, we also discuss the progress of WFDC protein in clinical trials and put forward some research difficulties and the directions of follow-up research. Our review highlights the functional diversity and clinical significance of WFDC proteins family, while providing potential targets for drug development and innovative therapeutic strategies, this review lays the foundation and direction for future research on WFDC proteins.

Currently, despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) continue to pose significant challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. These challenges are primarily attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity exhibited by these disorders, which are influenced by a combination of environmental and host factors. Recent research efforts have delved into the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis and PJI by investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This review comprehensively summarizes the current evidence regarding the associations between SNPs and the predisposition to osteomyelitis and PJI across diverse populations. The findings suggest potential linkages between SNPs in genes such as IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, VDR, tPA, CTSG, COX-2, MMP1, SLC11A1, Bax, NOS2, and NLRP3 with the development of osteomyelitis. Furthermore, SNPs in genes like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MBL, OPG, RANK, and GCSFR are implicated in susceptibility to PJI. However, it is noted that most of these studies are single-center reports, lacking in-depth mechanistic research. To gain a more profound understanding of the roles played by various SNPs in the development of osteomyelitis and PJI, future multi-center studies and fundamental investigations are deemed necessary.

After ischemic stroke (IS), secondary injury is intimately linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and body-brain crosstalk. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism systemic immune disorder mediated ER stress in human IS remains unknown. In this study, 32 candidate ER stress-related genes (ERSRGs) were identified by overlapping MSigDB ER stress pathway genes and DEGs. Three Key ERSRGs (ATF6, DDIT3 and ERP29) were identified using LASSO, random forest, and SVM-RFE. IS patients with different ERSRGs profile were clustered into two groups using consensus clustering and the difference between 2 group was further explored by GSVA. Through immune cell infiltration deconvolution analysis, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse scRNA analysis, we found that the expression of 3 key ERSRGs were closely related with peripheral macrophage cell ER stress in IS and this was further confirmed by RT-qPCR experiment. These ERS genes might be helpful to further accurately regulate the central nervous system and systemic immune response through ER stress and have potential application value in clinical practice in IS.

Abstract Here, an approach to produce a hierarchical porous Fe‐N‐C@TABOH catalyst with densely accessible high intrinsic active FeNx sites is proposed. The method involves a single‐step pyrolysis of Zn/Fe‐zeolitic imidazolate framework (Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐H) with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TABOH) micelles, which is obtained by utilizing TABOH as a structural template and electronic mediator at room temperature for a brief duration of 16 min. Notably, the yield of Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐H is 3.5 times that of Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐N prepared by conventional method. Results indicate that in addition to expediting synthesis and increasing yield of the Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐H, the TABOH induces a hierarchical porous structure and fosters the formation of more and higher intrinsic active FeNx moieties in Fex‐N‐C@TABOH, showing that TABOH is a multifunctional template. Crucially, the increased mesoporosity/external surface area and optimized microenvironment of Fe‐N‐C@TABOH significantly enhance ORR activity by facilitating the formation of high intrinsic active FeNx sites, increasing accessible FeNx sites, and reducing mass transfer resistance. Through structure tailoring and microenvironment optimization, the resulting Fe‐N‐C@TABOH exhibits superior ORR performance. DFT calculation further validates that the synergistic effect of these two factors leads to low ORR barrier and optimized *OH adsorption energy. This study underscores the importance of structure and electronic engineering in the development of highly active ORR catalysts.

Ascribing to the abundance of Ti element, exceptional electrical conductivity, and electrocatalytic performance, titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx, MX) is considered as an ideal conductive matrix and employed for in situ preparation of promising TiO2 NPs@MX/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) heterojunction electrodes for uric acid (UA) detection. However, the incapability of achieving the controllable growth and synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on MX nanosheets is a bottleneck in fabricating optimal and controllable TiO2 NPs@MX hybrid. Herein, an “on‐site transformation strategy” is developed to synthetize TiO2 NPs@MX/rGO heterojunction platform controllably by in situ electrochemical oxidizing MX nanosheets at various treatment times. The proposed approach allows for the greater operability to controllably grow and synthetize TiO2 NPs on the surface of MX nanosheets. The heterojunction electrodes present a linear voltammetric response toward UA in the concentration range of 0.003–0.3 and 0.3–300 μm and a low detection limit of 0.78 nm (S/N = 3). Additionally, a handheld electrochemical system with a smartphone readout is developed for point‐of‐care health monitoring, enabling fast, precise, and specific recognition of UA in real urine samples. The study provides a facile and controllable approach to fabricate TiO2 NPs@MX/rGO heterojunction platform for future use in other biomolecules' detection.

Summary: In this study, we obtained the whole genome sequence of GCRV-DY197 and investigated the localization, post-translational modifications, and host interactions of the 11 viral proteins encoded by GCRV-DY197 in grass carp ovary (GCO) cells. The whole genome sequence is 24,704 kb and contains 11 segments (S1–S11). Subcellular localization showed that the VP1, VP2, VP3, VP5, VP56, and VP35 proteins were localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas the NS79, VP4, VP41, VP6, and NS38 proteins were localized in the cytoplasm. The NS79 and NS38 proteins were phosphorylated, and the ubiquitination modification sites were identified in VP41 and NS38. An interaction network containing 9 viral proteins and 140 host proteins was also constructed. These results offer a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the biochemical characteristics and pathogenic mechanism of GCRV-II.

Abstract Background It is well known that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome plays a crucial role in cognitive decline and brain-blood barrier (BBB) breakdown. However, whether the bone-brain axis participates in this pathological process remains unknown. Here, we report that platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) secretion by preosteoclasts in the bone accelerates neuroinflammation. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), a nonspecific transcytosis marker, was upregulated during HFD challenge. Main body Preosteoclast-specific Pdgfb transgenic mice with high PDGF-BB concentrations in the circulation recapitulated the HFD-induced neuroinflammation and transcytosis shift. Preosteoclast-specific Pdgfb knockout mice were partially rescued from hippocampal neuroinflammation and transcytosis shifts in HFD-challenged mice. HFD-induced PDGF-BB elevation aggravated microglia-associated neuroinflammation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, which increased ALPL expression and transcytosis shift through enhancing protein 1 (SP1) translocation in endothelial cells. Conclusion Our findings confirm the role of bone-secreted PDGF-BB in neuroinflammation and the transcytosis shift in the hippocampal region during HFD challenge and identify a novel mechanism of microglia-endothelial crosstalk in HFD-induced metabolic syndrome.

Abstract Objectives Despite accumulating evidence regarding the impact of sleep disturbance on internalizing symptoms among adolescents, the underlying psychological mechanisms remain inadequately explored. This study aimed to investigate a conceptual framework elucidating how sleep disturbance influences internalizing symptoms in adolescents through the mediating role of self-control, with mindfulness as a moderator. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1876 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.88 years, SD = 1.47 years, range = 12–19 years, 44.7% boys) completed the Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale (YSIS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Brief Self-control Scale (BSCS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Children (MAAS-C) to provide data on sleep-related variables, internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression), self-control, and mindfulness, respectively. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was applied to perform moderated mediation analysis. Results Sleep disturbance demonstrated a significant positive correlation with internalizing symptoms in adolescents, including anxiety (β = 0.481, p

Abstract A dual‐frequency (DF) dielectric barrier discharge, excited by the superposition of a 50 Hz low frequency (LF) and a 5000 Hz intermediate frequency (IF), is proposed to enhance discharge. The effect of the LF voltage component on the breakdown behaviour of the DF discharge during different periods has been studied both experimentally and numerically. The number of high‐current pulses rises as the LF voltage increases. The statistical analysis shows that the number of the current pulse amplitude above 80 mA in the DF discharge reaches nearly 6 times that in the IF discharge. Additionally, the total discharge energy in the DF discharge is significantly higher than that in the IF discharge. The simulation reproduces the temporal variation of the breakdown behaviours in the DF discharge. The simulated results reveal that the maximal electric field strength of the breakdown process is greater in the DF discharge compared to the IF discharge during a half‐period of DF. Finally, the comparison between the IF and DF discharges exhibits that the LF voltage regulates the accumulation of residual charged species on the dielectric surface after the breakdown by modulating the residual voltage between the air gap.

Objective Palaeomagnetic methods can be used to quantitatively constrain the Early Palaeozoic palaeo-position of the North China Block (NCB), which provides a crucial scientific basis for researching the evolution of the Proto-Tethyan Orogeny and the affinity of the NCB for Gondwana. However, the NCB has undergone considerable tectonic activity since the Early Palaeozoic, and the Ordos Basin in the western part of the NCB is rich in hydrocarbon resources. Late tectonic activity and the migration of hydrocarbon resources may have caused remagnetization of Early Palaeozoic strata. Methods Thus, in this paper, to determine the main magnetic minerals in various rocks and their ability to record the primary remanent magnetization, we carry out a series of detailed petrography, rock magnetism and stepwise demagnetization experiments on the limestone and tuff samples of the Upper Ordovician Zhaolaoyu Formation in the Fuping area of the southern Ordos Basin, including optical microscope identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), saturated isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) acquisition curve, three-axis isothermal thermal demagnetization test, κ-T curve test, hysteresis loop experiment, first-order reversal curve (FORC), and thermal demagnetization and hybrid (TD+AF) demagnetization. Results The results indicate that the main magnetic minerals in the limestone and tuff samples are magnetite, pyrrhotite and/or greigite, and some samples also contain a tiny quantity of haematite with impurities and goethite. Mineral particles possess single domains (SDs) as well as multiple domains (MDs) within their magnetic domains. Combining petrographic and demagnetization data, this paper suggests that the main magnetic minerals in the samples are likely secondary minerals associated with later fluid alteration (maturation and migration of organic matter). Conclusion The remanent magnetic signals conveyed by these rocks cannot be directly used to constrain the Early Palaeozoic palaeoposition of the NCB but may be used to constrain hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Lower Palaeozoic strata of the southern Ordos Basin.

Introduction: Refractory lupus nephritis (LN) causes kidney disease progression and increases the risk of loss of renal function. Due to the high specificity and few side effects of biological agents, they are recommended for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. There are few data on telitacicept for the treatment of refractory LN. Case Presentation: Here, we report the efficacy and safety of telitacicept in the treatment of refractory LN in a 25-year-old female patient. This patient with refractory lupus developed Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia while using multitargeted therapy, and the patient’s urine protein was rapidly relieved after telitacicept combination with low-dose mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Conclusion: This result suggests that telitacicept has a positive effect on refractory LN with no significant side effects. Further reports and a registry are necessary to confirm that telitacicept with low-dose MMF should be preferred in refractory LN.

Abstract Background To investigate the role of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in the disease severity and prognosis of SLE-related thrombocytopenia (SLE-TP). Methods This multicenter prospective study was conducted based on data from the CSTAR registry. TP was defined as a platelet count

Abstract Background Quitting support from smokers’ partners can predict quit attempts and smoking abstinence but research on factors that predict such support has been limited. To add more evidence for partner support and the improved interventions for smoking cessation, we analyzed some new potential predictors of quitting support from smokers’ spouses. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in in 2022 and 2023, selecting the students’ families in which fathers smoked and mothers didn’t smoke from grade 1–5 of 13 primary schools in Qingdao, China. Parents who met the criteria completed the online questionnaires and 1018 families were included in the analysis. We measured personal information related to smokers and their spouses such as age, education and nicotine dependence, and variables related to family and marital relationship such as family functioning, perceived responsiveness and power in decision-making of quitting smoking. Quitting support from smokers’ spouses was measured by Partner Interaction Questionnaire and generalized linear model was used to explore the potential predictors of partner support. Results In this study, the mean age of smokers was 39.97(SD = 5.57) and the mean age of smokers’ spouses was 38.24(SD = 4.59). The regression analysis showed that for smokers and their spouses, the older age groups showed the lower ratio of positive/negative support(P

Abstract Children are generally susceptible to COVID-19, and infection with COVID-19 may cause serious harm to children. COVID-19 vaccination is an effective way to prevent infection at present, and many factors affect children's COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to explore the effects of perceived social support and health literacy on hesitancy towards first and second vaccine dose. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Minhang District of Shanghai, China, in October 2022. A total of 1150 parents of preschool children from 10 kindergartens participated. The survey encompassed four sections, capturing data on sociodemographic attributes, health literacy, perceived social support, and parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Health literacy was measured using a self-designed questionnaire consisting of four dimensions. Perceived social support was assessed using the MSPSS questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the independent variables and parental hesitancy towards the first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Parental hesitancy rate for the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was 69.6%, and for the second dose, it was 33.1%. The final integrated model showed that parental hesitancy towards the first and the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine was associated with parental educational level, allergy in children, information decision-making and information comprehension ability, perceived social support from family and friends. Health literacy and perceived social support are influence factors for parental hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccine for preschool children. The findings will provide insights for future intervention studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and inform the development of vaccination policies.

Abstract High thermal conductive polymers have become more important because equipment requires high performance, high-energy density, and high integration. There are different strategies to make high thermal conductive polymers, among which is the synthesis of polymers in the liquid crystal phase. However, the thermal conductivity of such material is rarely beyond 1 W m−1 K−1 because of the disordered molecular directionality. The disordered directionality between crystal zones limits the thermal conductivity in a specific direction. Here, we show a method for unifying the direction of crystal zones by applying an external electric field on the liquid crystal monomers. Meanwhile, by exposing the transparent equipment and specially designed photopolymerisable monomer in UV light, the liquid crystal monomer is in situ polymerised into a liquid crystal polymer with a high intrinsic thermal conductivity of 1.02 W m−1 K−1. The molecular alignment was characterised and resulted in the resultant high conductivity.

The investigation of the blasting effects of the borehole considering decoupled eccentric charge is scarce and lacks thorough exploration. The coupled Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and Finite Element Method (SPH-FEM) is adopted to study the decoupled eccentric charge blasting effects. The effective stress distribution of rock around the borehole is analyzed and the damage evolution is studied quantitatively with introducing image recognition algorithm. Further, the effect of the decoupling coefficient on blasting effects is investigated. Results show that effective stress distribution presents obvious eccentric characteristics. At the bottom coupling point, the maximum effective stress is observed, and gradually reduces towards the top uncoupling point. The lower part of rock surrounding the borehole exhibits a higher damaged area ratio compared to the upper part for decoupled eccentric charge blasting. With the decoupling coefficient increases from 1.14 to 2.00, the effective stresses at monitoring points are all decreasing and the effective stress ratio first increases and then keeps relatively stable, with the decoupling coefficient of 1.6 as inflection point. As the decoupling coefficient increases to 1.6, the damage extent ratio reaches the peak. The greatest disparity in explosion energy between the coupled and uncoupled sides occurs at a decoupling coefficient of approximately 1.6.

BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disorder induced by the infestation of schistosomes, a genus of trematodes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in egg-derived exosomes are crucial for modulating the host’s immune responses and orchestrating the pathophysiological mechanisms. Although the exosomes secreted by S. japonicum contain abundant miRNAs, the specific roles of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis are yet to be comprehensively elucidated. The egg exosomes of S. japonicum secrete miRNA-30, a novel miRNA.MethodsIn vitro, the effect of miRNA-30 was evaluated by transfecting HSCs with miRNA mimics. The target gene biosignature for miRNA-30 was predicted using the miRDB software. The effect of miRNA-30 in hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by either elevating its expression in healthy mice or by inhibiting its activity in infected mice by administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype eight vectors expressing miRNA-30 or miRNA sponges.ResultsThis novel miRNA can activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the prinary effector cells of hepatic fibrosis, in vitro, i.e., it significantly increases the fibrogenic factors Col1(α1), Col3(α1), and α-SMA at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, miRNA-30 may activate HSCs by targeting the host RORA gene. In addition, in vivo experiments were conducted by administering a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector to modulate the expression levels of miRNA-30. The overexpression of miRNA-30 in healthy mice significantly elevated the expression of Col1(α1), Col3(α1), and α-SMA at both the transcriptomic and proteomic scales. This overexpression was coupled with a pronounced augmentation in the hepatic hydroxyproline content. Conversely, the in vivo silencing of miRNA-30 in infected mice induced a considerable reduction in the size of hepatic granulomas and areas of collagen deposition. Hence, in vivo, modulation of miRNA-30 expression may play a pivotal role in ameliorating the severity of hepatic fibrosis in mice afflicted with S. japonica.ConclusionsThe study results suggest that miRNA-30 may augment schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis through a probable interaction with the host RORA. Our study may improve the current theoretical framework regarding cross-species regulation by miRNAs of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis.

BackgroundChinese immigrants experience significant disparities in tobacco use. Culturally adapted tobacco treatments targeting this population are sparse and the use is low. The low use of these treatment programs is attributed to their exclusive focus on individuals who are ready to quit and the wide range of barriers that Chinese immigrants face to access these programs. To support Chinese immigrant smokers at all levels of readiness to quit and address their access barriers, we developed the WeChat Quit Coach, a culturally and linguistically appropriate WeChat (Tencent Holdings Limited)–based peer group mobile messaging smoking cessation intervention. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of WeChat Quit Coach. MethodsWe enrolled a total of 60 Chinese immigrant smokers in 2022 in New York City for a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a single-arm pilot test. The first 40 participants were randomized to either the intervention arm (WeChat Quit Coach) or the control arm (self-help print material) using 1:1 block randomization stratified by sex. WeChat Quit Coach lasted 6 weeks, featuring small peer groups moderated by a coach, daily text messages with text questions, and chat-based instant messaging support from the coach in response to peer questions. The next 20 participants were enrolled in the single-arm pilot test to further assess intervention feasibility and acceptability. All 60 participants were offered a 4-week supply of complimentary nicotine replacement therapy. Surveys were administered at baseline and 6 weeks, with participants in the pilot RCT completing an additional survey at 6 months and biochemical verification of abstinence at both follow-ups. ResultsOf 74 individuals screened, 68 (92%) were eligible and 60 (88%) were enrolled. The majority of participants, with a mean age of 42.5 (SD 13.8) years, were male (49/60, 82%) and not ready to quit, with 70% (42/60) in the precontemplation or contemplation stage at the time of enrollment. The pilot RCT had follow-up rates of 98% (39/40) at 6 weeks and 93% (37/40) at 6 months, while the single-arm test achieved 100% follow-up at 6 weeks. On average, participants responded to daily text questions for 25.1 days over the 42-day intervention period and 23% (9/40) used the chat-based instant messaging support. Most participants were satisfied with WeChat Quit Coach (36/39, 92%) and would recommend it to others (32/39, 82%). At 6 months, self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates were 25% (5/20) in the intervention arm and 15% (3/20) in the control arm, with biochemically verified abstinence rates of 25% (5/20) and 5% (1/20), respectively. ConclusionsWeChat Quit Coach was feasible and well-received by Chinese immigrants who smoke and produced promising effects on abstinence. Large trials are warranted to assess its efficacy in promoting abstinence in this underserved population. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05130788; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05130788

BackgroundDysnatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients. Sodium fluctuation level may be a better parameter in dysnatremia management. We aimed to examine the association between sodium fluctuation level during hospitalization and mortality and to evaluate its value in predicting poor prognosis among general hospitalized patients.MethodsData were collected from patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The generalized estimated equation (GEE) was used to examine the relationship between sodium fluctuation level and mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal cutoff value and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsSodium fluctuation level showed a dose-dependent association with increased mortality in general hospitalized patients. After adjusting age, sex, length of hospital stay, and Charlson comorbidity index, the ORs of group G2 to G6 were 5.92 (95% CI 5.16–6.79), 26.45 (95% CI 22.68–30.86), 50.71 (95% CI 41.78–61.55), 104.38 (95% CI 81.57–133.58), and 157.64 (95% CI 112.83–220.24), respectively, p trend