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To effectively enrich the polyphenols and flavonoids in quinoa and black barley and improve their bioavailability, the optimized processing condition for the co-fermentation of quinoa and black barley with Lactobacillus kisonensis was established based on single factors and the response surface experiments using polyphenols and flavonoids as response indexes in present study. The effects of co-fermentation of quinoa and black barley on the release and bioavailability of polyphenols as well as its antioxidant activity were investigated via in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments. The results showed that the optimized fermentation condition was quinoa: black barley 1:2.4 (g/g), solid-liquid ratio 1:8.9 (g/mL), inoculation dosage 2.0%, fermentation time 36.7 h, and fermentation temperature 30 °C. Under this optimized fermentation conditions, the polyphenols and flavonoids contents of co-fermentation grains were 364.90 and 264.36 mg/100 g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of unfermented grains and single fermented quinoa or black barley (P<0.05). The results of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments showed that the release amount of free and total phenols, total antioxidant activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the co-fermentation grains were significantly higher than those of unfermented grain as well as single cereal fermentation groups (P<0.05). Correlation analysis between antioxidant activity and polyphenols content exhibited obviously positive correlation with both free and total phenols content (P<0.05). In conclusion, co-fermented quinoa and black barley exhibited better enrichment of polyphenols and flavonoids, improvement of the bioavailability of polyphenols to some extent and enhancement of the antioxidant activity compared with those of single grain fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In graphite, a moderate magnetic field confines electrons and holes into their lowest Landau levels. In the extreme quantum limit, two insulating states with a dome-like field dependence of the their critical temperatures are induced by the magnetic field. Here, we study the evolution of the first dome (below 60 T) under hydrostatic pressure up to 1.7 GPa. With increasing pressure, the field-temperature phase boundary shifts towards higher magnetic fields, yet the maximum critical temperature remains unchanged. According to our fermiology data, pressure amplifies the density and the in-plane effective cyclotron mass of hole-like and electron-like carriers. Thanks to this information, we verify the persistent relevance of the BCS relation between the critical temperature and the density of states in the weak-coupling boundary of the dome. In contrast, the strong-coupling summit of the dome does not show any detectable change with pressure. We argue that this is because the out-of-plane BCS coherence length approaches the interplane distance that shows little change with pressure. Thus, the BCS-BEC crossover is tunable by magnetic field and pressure, but with a locked summit., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: We designed a novel intraoperative malleable adjustable continuous suction tube to obtain clear surgical fields, reduce intracranial pressure, and lower the temperature of the surgical area., Methods: This device consists of six parts: continuous suction tube head and cotton patty, suction tube, fixed wire position, fixed clip, spiral plastic pressure regulating valve, and tail. It can continuously extract blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and rinsing solution from surgical fields, with minimal contact and trauma to tissues, nerves, and blood vessels, while also having a negligible impact on the surgeon's focus and procedure., Result: The excellent and safe performance (simple, malleable, adjustable, space-saving, inexpensive, safe, and effective) of this device in clearing the operating field has been proven in more than 2000 neurosurgical operative procedures. We encountered no complications associated with this device, such as cerebral hematoma, postoperative low intracranial pressure, or vascular and nerve injuries., Conclusion: The newly innovated intraoperative malleable adjustable continuous suction tube is effective and safe for microneurosurgery., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Nie, Wei, Xu, Li and Chen.)

Objective: Withdrawal of levodopa (L-dopa) the night before subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) procedures have been a standard practice, although some patients experienced severe withdrawal symptoms. In this cohort study, we investigated the effects of continuing preoperative L-dopa therapy on intraoperative microelectrode recording (MER), intraoperative cooperation and the clinical outcome for deep brain stimulation (DBS) which was performed under local anesthesia., Methods: The study included 99 patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated with bilateral STN-DBS between October 2014 and August 2018. The patients were followed for 12 months postoperatively and divided into "on-medication" and "off-medication" groups. The length of MER recordings, the number of microelectrode tracks, intraoperation cooperation, operation duration, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups., Results: The length of MER recording was longer in the "on-medication" group in both the left and right subthalamic nucleus (STN; P<0.001 and P=0.007, respectively). The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor score indicated better improvement in the "on-medication" group at postoperative one month, six months and twelve months (P=0.045, P=0.034 and P=0.001 respectively). Patients in "on-medication" group could cooperate better with a shorter operation duration (177.9 vs. 195 min, P=0.038). Reduction in L-dopa equivalent dose (LED) and improvement of Hoehn-Yahr scale were comparable between the two groups during the follow-up period., Conclusion: The continuation of L-dopa therapy prior to DBS procedures had no impediment on MER and can contribute to reducing the duration of operation, and benefit the electrode insertion, as well as the clinical outcomes., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)

Objective: To analyze the potential action mechanism of Shuilu Erxian Dan in the treatment of premature ejaculation based on network pharmacology., Methods: The TCMSP database was searched for the main chemical constituents of Euryale and golden cherry, the core components of Shuilu Erxian Dan. Oral bioavailability and medicinal properties were set as the parameters for screening active components, premature ejaculation-related disease targets retrieved from the DisGeNET, GeneCards, OMIM and TTD databases, the common targets of drug pairs and diseases identified with the Wayne diagram, and a drug-active ingredient-target-disease network map constructed with the software Cytoscape. A PPI network map designed through the STRING platform, the website Metascape used for GO and KEGG analyses of the common targets, and the protein receptors and small molecular ligands of the core genes employed for molecular docking and PyMOL visualization., Results: A total of 7 chemical constituents and 171 predictive targets, 1 918 premature ejaculation targets and 113 common targets were identified. GO analysis showed significant enrichment of BP in response to toxic substances and inorganic substances, CC in membrane raft and plasma membrane protein complex, and MF in transcription factor binding and kinase binding. KEGG analysis manifested markedly enriched TNF signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and Cocaine addiction. The results of molecular docking exhibited a good binding energy between the core gene and the component., Conclusion: Network pharmacology has revealed the potential action mechanism of Shuilu Erxian Dan in the treatment of premature ejaculation, which has paved the theoretical ground for verification of the effectiveness of Shuilu Erxian Dan in the treatment of premature ejaculation via animals and cells.