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In this article, we explore the topic of supply chain resilience (SCR) in an open-system context. Systems theory and cybernetics are important methodologies in the analysis of complex networks. However, relatively little is known about their application in the supply chain (SC) operations. Using systems theory and cybernetics for SCR conceptualization, we argue that a systems-theoretical lens can help to extend the state-of-the-art research to describe SCR based on the concept of balancing vulnerability and recoverability over time. Toward this end, we define and test a new resilience measure for SCR using the Bayesian network approach with a compounding function of vulnerability and recoverability. We further propose managerial actions for implementing an open-system view of SCR. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of our method, we measure and analyze the resilience levels of a manufacturer. Our results provide useful decision-making support and can be valuable for SC managers seeking to balance risk mitigation and recovery capabilities. The framework and measure developed can also be used to guide firms seeking to analyze the impact of disruptions on SCs through the consideration of both performance degradation and recovery.

Summary Our planet is an open system, subject to an energy flux that favours the emergence of some complex structures, thanks to the support of internal cycles involving energy and matter transformations. The description of their alternance can be pursued through the narrative of their evolution, starting from simple activities, and then moving towards large scale systems, more complex and more connected. The interchanges occur through deep technological transformations, whose dynamics affected the economic development and different aspects of human history. In this framework the warning on the perils of climate changes due to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, is evidencing the necessity of limiting their use, despite the implied enormous infrastructural changements.

Along the progress of the era and technological developments, making the human lifestyle cannot be separated from its use. In digital era nowadays, technology is used to make human needs easily. A website is important for the progress of an Association. One of the ways that the Association's Website can grow is by maintaining the Website. The APTISI website is designed using the WordPress CMS (Content Management System). WordPress is an open system software and designed by the PHP programming language and MySQL database. This study is aim to develop a website by increasing the credibility of the association. In order to improve the statistics on website visits, it is necessary to have innovation and creativity in viewing and posting news on the website. The APTISI website make use of probability calculations and statistical data using a monitoring tool called statcounter. This tool functions to count the number of visitors based on unique visits which can be seen in the statistics column. In addition, the use of this statcounter is useful as a standard reference for website admins to update the viewboard on a better website in the future.standard for website admins to update the appearance of a better website in the future

Sports science has showed benefits in the use of small-sided games in the teaching-learning and training processes of football. We propose that such benefits occur because the small-sided games are holons of a hierarchically organized that maintain the same characteristics of game, regardless the reduced complexity. The hierarchical model of football considers the numerical relations of cooperation and opposition in specific spaces of play. It characterizes a nested hierarchy model because it deals with both the parts and the different processes of game. Such a hierarchical model contains five levels, in which the upper level is the football game and the elementary level a game situation, that is, a small-sided game. As any open system of hierarchical organization, the small-sided games present simultaneously invariant characteristics of whole and the specificities of the parts according the context and level of analysis. The adoption of such a hierarchical perspective allows setting goals as well as selecting the teaching-learning and training’s contents at different analysis levels by considering the autonomy-dependency in each one. resumo A ciência do esporte traz benefícios na utilização de jogos reduzidos nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem e treinamento do futebol. Nós propomos que tais benefícios ocorrem porque os jogos reduzidos são hólons de um sistema organizado hierarquicamente que mantém as características do jogo, apesar da complexidade reduzida. O modelo hierárquico do jogo de futebol considera as interações de cooperação e oposição entre os jogadores em um espaço específico de jogo. O modelo é caracterizado como uma hierarquia aninhada porque leva em consideração as diferentes partes e processos do jogo. O modelo possui cinco níveis hierárquicos, em que no nível superior se encontra o jogo de futebol como todo e no nível elementar se encontram situações de jogo, que caracterizam os jogos reduzidos enquanto intervenção. Como qualquer sistema aberto organizado hierarquicamente, os jogos reduzidos apresentam simultaneamente as características invariáveis do todo e as especificidades das partes de acordo com o contexto e nível de análise. A adoção dessa perspectiva hierárquica permite definir objetivos, bem como selecionar conteúdos no ensino-aprendizagem e treinamento do futebol em diferentes níveis de análise, mantendo a autonomia-dependência de cada um.

Virtual Reality (VR) allows simulation of machine control panels without physical access to the machine, enabling easier and faster initial exploration, testing, and validation of machine panel designs. However, haptic feedback is indispensable if we want to interact with these simulated panels in a realistic manner. We present HapticPanel, an encountered-type haptic system that provides realistic haptic feedback for machine control panels in VR. To ensure a realistic manipulation of input elements, the user’s hand is continuously tracked during interaction with the virtual interface. Based on which virtual element the user intends to manipulate, a motorized panel with stepper motors moves a corresponding physical input element in front of the user’s hand, enabling realistic physical interaction.

In this chapter, the basis for the tool to interpret crystal size distribution (CSD) will be explained. First, we will address the background of CSD introduction, the physical interpretation of the exponential CSD often observed in nature, and the examples of studies on CSD in nature. Then, we will introduce two theoretical methods of describing CSD’s temporal development; the Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions, which were introduced in the chapters on vesiculation and crystallization. In this chapter on CSD, we will obtain general solutions of CSD under various conditions in closed and open systems. The closed system is a system in which CSD is only determined by the dynamics of nucleation and growth of crystals, and liquid and crystals do not move. An open system is that in which exchange with the external system of crystals essentially influences CSD. An advantage of the mathematical disscussion of CSD is that when CSD obtained by models is compared with that obtained by experiments, the relationship between observable CSD and model parameters can be clearly undrestood than when we use an empirical rule obatained using numerical calculations. Finally, we will derive the CSD corresponding to the Avrami plot, which is often conducted in phade change experiments.

Quantum spin squeezing is an important resource for quantum information processing, but its squeezing degree is not easy to preserve in an open system with decoherence. Here, we propose a scheme to implement single-photon-triggered spin squeezing with decoherence reduction in an open system. In our system, a Dicke model (DM) is introduced into the quadratic optomechanics, which can be equivalent to an effective DM manipulated by the photon number. Besides, the phonon mode of the optomechanical system is coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir with a phase matching, resulting in that the thermal noise caused by the environment can be suppressed completely. We show that squeezing of the phonon mode triggered by a single photon can be transferred to the spin ensemble totally, and pairwise entanglement of the spin ensemble can be realized if and only if there is spin squeezing. Importantly, when considering the impact of the environment, our system can obtain a better squeezing degree than the optimal squeezing that can be achieved in the traditional DM. Meanwhile, the spin squeezing generated in our system is immune to the thermal noise. This work offers an effective way to generate spin squeezing with a single photon and to reduce decoherence in an open system, which will have promising applications in quantum information processing., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

For several decades, uranium–thorium (U–Th) dating has allowed geochronologists to precisely date geological materials, providing invaluable geochronological constraints on Quaternary processes. Open-system dating of bones and teeth has also provided ages of human and faunal remains of archaeological significance. To facilitate access to closed- and open-system U–Th dating to the broad scientific community, here we provide an R package, named UThwigl. Description of input and output parameters is given, as well as a guide for running the model. The package can be used three different ways: (i) as a web application, (ii) through a web browser with an internet connection, or (iii) in R (most efficiently with RStudio). Examples of application of the model are also provided, showing that it yields ages within error of previously published values.

When analyzing the fire resistance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) components, the finite element software plays an important role. However, the traditional finite element software has disadvantages including high calculation cost, lengthy duration, and unsatisfactory calculation efficiency. Although Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees) advanced open-source software has been widely used in fire analysis of steel and concrete structures, it lacks modules and material models related to fire resistance analysis of wood members. To give full play to the open source status as well as the efficiency and exploitability of OpenSees, a new material model known as TimberEC5 is developed and added to the calculation to analyze the heat transfer of wood components. Then, EPTimber, EPTimberThermal, and EPTimberThermalAfter materials are developed in OpenSees to reflect changes in the mechanical properties of wood at ambient temperature and during and after exposure to high temperatures, respectively. The accuracy of the material model developed in this paper is verified by comparing the simulated and experimental values. Finally, the material model is used to analyze the residual carrying capacity of CLT walls after a fire and the fire resistance of a CLT floor. In particular, the effects of the span-to-height ratio (wall), height-to-thickness ratio (floor) laminate composition on the residual carrying capacity of the wall and the fire resistance of the floor are evaluated, and the corresponding change laws are determined

This research is a qualitative case study aiming at analyzing the effects of accreditation on school system elements. Accordingly, interviews were conducted with administrators and teachers at an IB-PYP accredited school. There are questions directed towards understanding the impacts of the accreditation on the elements of open system in the semi-structured interview form used for the data collection tool in the interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized as the data analysis method. Inputs, process, outputs, feedback and envirionment elements of open system were used as the data analysis framework. According to the study results, the administrators and teachers think that accreditation has positive effects on the school system. However, the school community’s attitude, the staff’s professional competency, communication and teamwork skills have a decisive role in the formation of these positive effects and successful implemation of the program. Moreover, it could be stated that schools devise strategies to manage the dilemma they encounter among the national system, exam pressure and the program’s objectives, and learning outcomes.

Quantum correlation of bipartite states (beyond entanglement) in presence of environment is studied using measurement-induced nonlocalities (MINs) for Heisenberg X Y Z spin system. It is shown that if the system is allowed to exchange energy with environment, the initial state evolves and settles down to uncorrelated state in asymptotic limit. We have also demonstrated that fidelity based MIN is sensitive to such open system, and so useful for characterizing the correlation of the states.