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AbstractGround reaction in terms of stress and displacement analysis is one of the major challenges in tunnel design and is helpful for understanding the stability around the excavation zone. In this paper, the analysis of stress, strain responses and radial displacement around circular tunnel excavated in cohesive-frictional granular materials is discussed viaan innovative multi-scale approach (FEM × DEM) that combined finite element (FEM) and discrete element (DEM) methods and compared to other solutions obtained with conventional constitutive laws. Thanks to simulations, (i) the Ground response curve is then established and provides a better understanding of the complex behaviour in the vicinity of the tunnel; (ii) the prediction by FEM × DEM approach differs considerably from conventional constitutive laws; and (iii) in a unique manner, macroscopic and microscopic analyses are simultaneously performed showing that at the macroscopic level (FE mesh), diffuse failure mode are observed, while at the microscopic level (DEM level), microscopic evolutions are observed to be strictly related to the macroscopic behaviour.

This article reports on the use of a front-side SiON/transparent conductive oxide (TCO) bilayer in double-side poly-Si/SiOX-based passivated contacts solar cells. This approach presents the advantage of a low indium consumption either by reducing the indium-based TCO thickness or by enhancing its substitution with a zinc-based TCO, such as aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). Thickness optimizations with optical simulations have been performed. An electrical study with a TCO thickness reduced to 20 nm on textured surfaces has shown excellent responses for SiON/TCO stacks, especially regarding the contact resistivity. Finally, the developed SiON/TCO bilayers were integrated in complete solar cells. Interestingly, the substitution of the standard 70-nm-thick ITO layer by a 20-nm-thick ITO film covered by SiON led to an efficiency gain of +0.2% abs. Regarding AZO, the replacement of the standard 70-nm-thick AZO layer by a 20-nm-thick AZO film covered by SiON resulted in a JSC gain of +0.7 mA/cm2. These gains in performances could be raised with further posttreatments. However, the current results already confirm the possibility to optimize thin-poly-Si-based passivated contacts solar cells toward In-free fabrication processes.

ABSTRACTAccumulating data indicate that several components of the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery mediate additional functions, which do not depend on autophagosome biogenesis or lysosomal cargo degradation. In this context, we found that the core autophagy protein ATG9A participates in the chemotactic movement of several cell lines, including highly invasive glioblastoma cells. Accordingly, ATG9A-depleted cells are unable to form large and persistent leading-edge protrusions. By the design of an ATG9A-pHluorin construct and TIRF imaging, we established that ATG9A-positive vesicles are targeted toward the migration front, where their exocytosis is synchronized with protrusive activity. We finally demonstrated that ATG9A, through its interaction with clathrin adaptor complexes, controls the delivery of ITGB1 (integrin subunit beta 1) to the migration front and normal adhesion dynamics. Together, our work indicates that ATG9A protein has a wider role than anticipated and constitutes a critical component of vesicular trafficking allowing the expansion of cell protrusions and their anchorage to the extracellular matrix.

La nocardiose est une infection de présentation clinique variée, potentiellement mortelle. Le germe responsable appartient au genre Nocardiaqui comprend environ 50 espèces différentes. La nocardiose atteint surtout les patients immunodéprimés. Nous rapportons ici les observations de trois patients ayant présenté des nocardioses disséminées prises initialement à tort pour des cancers bronchiques métastatiques. Les trois patients, dont deux sans immunodépression, se sont présentés avec des lésions thoraciques et cérébrales. L’imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique avec séquence de diffusion et mesure du coefficient de diffusion (ADC) (n=3) puis des prélèvements invasifs par neurochirurgie (n=3) ont permis d’obtenir le diagnostic. Le traitement antibiotique adapté à l’antibiogramme a été prolongé pendant plusieurs mois. L’évolution a finalement été favorable avec disparition des symptômes neurologiques et normalisation quasi complète de l’imagerie. Nous illustrons ici la complexité du diagnostic de nocardiose dans sa forme disséminée et les errances diagnostiques potentielles.

Incidence of sexual violence among recently arrived asylum-seeking women in France (INCIDAVI) is a French study which found a past year incidence of 26 % for postarrival sexual violence (SV) among asylum-seeking women (ASW). It reported that fewer than 1 out of 10 victims consulted a healthcare professional when SV occurred. These findings raise the question of how ASW who have been victims of SV get involved in care. We aimed to explore the mechanisms and obstacles to seeking care in the host country among this population.

Face aux défis liés à la gestion sanitaire et à la sécurité, les rassemblements de foule nécessitent la mise en place de dispositif prévisionnel de secours (DPS) spécifique.