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Some interest groups have policy positions on one or more policy dimensions in partisan policy space while others do not. In this paper we examine explanations for differences in interest group position-taking across policy dimensions. While group characteristics are likely to explain parts of such variation in interest group position-taking, we hypothesise that the salience and polarisation among parties and citizens of the respective policy dimension also matter. By utilising novel survey data on interest group positions (within a predefined policy space) in six different countries as well as survey data on citizen and party positions, we investigate interest group position-taking across policy dimensions. The analysis shows that interest groups with more resources, core interests linked to the examined policy dimensions and a connection to the traditional party system are more likely to have policy positions than other groups. Furthermore, we find evidence of groups supplementing citizens and parties in policy space by articulating positions on policy dimensions that the average citizen and party pays less attention to. Moreover, when party polarisation increases on a dimension, greater party salience is negatively associated with group position taking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study analyzed the effect of different positions on pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function in women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: This study included women with (n = 17, research group) and without (n = 25, control group) SUI. Using abdominal ultrasound, PFM function (maximum contraction and endurance) was measured in four different positions: lying, sitting, standing and squatting. The level of difficulty perceived by the participants was recorded. Results: In both groups, the best contraction was observed in the standing position and the weakest in the lying position. Women with SUI showed a lower ability to perform PFM contraction. A significant difference was found between the groups in the sitting and standing positions, and it was smaller in the research group. In the research group, the contraction displacement during sitting was 2.68 (1.67) mm versus 4.51 (2.62) mm in the control. The displacement during standing was 6.92 (3.50) mm versus 9.18 (5.05) mm, respectively (p < 0.05). In the research group, 52.9% reported the sitting position as the most difficult compared with only 12% in the control group. Conclusions: Women with SUI have lower PFM function while standing or sitting, but not while lying, than those without SUI. Variations in PFM function across different positions exist. A new protocol for PFM examination should be written with the standing position included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper originates from experiences of low participation in science teaching in primary school during ethnographic fieldwork. Focusing on these observations and inspired by other studies conceptualising non-participation, this paper examines how non-participation is shaped and produced in primary school science. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with students in year six (12 years old), three forms of non-participation are analysed as well as the various forms and shapes they take, namely non-participation: 1. through exposure; 2. through being overlooked; and 3. through being disciplined. Using the theoretical concepts of performativity and positionality, the paper analyses how the production of non-participation emerges as rigid positions, hard to negotiate and thus quite stable over time, as well as interfering with intersections of gender, race/ethnicity and social background. At the end of the paper, we discuss how the positions' displays of stability serve as barriers to students' ability to form identities as science learners in different contexts and over time, and we argue that teachers play an important role in disrupting these positions. Moreover, we point towards future research to continue the work on conceptualising non-participation, and we suggest that there is potential in combining research on emotions and affect with understanding how non-participation is formed and shaped not only inside the classroom but also in other science settings outside school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism therapy includes a wide range of support options for autistic people and their environment. In addition to information about the symptoms and special needs, the clients are accompanied in everyday life and relief is sought together with them. The aim is social participation in a life that is as autonomous and self-determined as possible. In the support of autistic people, the OK-OK attitude reflects the relationship structure. In order to unravel social interaction as well as one's own feelings and actions, the model of the drama triangle has proven to be particularly effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The physical demands of football competitions are highly specific to the different positions on the field. There are many studies on the motor profiles of football players in Europe and the World. This study will give a clear picture of the state of the players in the First Professional League of Bulgaria on the issue. Methods. A large number of data from official matches were collected using a 10-Hz GPS system. Observations were separated by playing position and GPS metrics of run work performed. Results. The central midfielders ran the greatest total distances, and the edge defenders and forwards produced the highest rates of high-speed running, sprinting, and high-intensity acceleration distances. Central defenders achieved the lowest values for all metrics. In application to the various tactical and technical functions, the positions of athletes in soccer have a relationship to specific physical demands. The results obtained allow determining and adjusting the individual training intensity in order to secure the official football match from a conditioning point of view. Conclusions. We did not find strong relationships between GPS metrics and the final match score, suggesting that soccer superiority is due to an overall system of conditioning, technical, tactical, and psychological skills of the individual player and the entire team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this article is dedicated to the analysis of certain features of the position of the Authorized Person in the Affairs with European Court of Human Rights in the context of the reformation of Ukrainian legislation on public service. It is noted that a necessary condition for the effective organization and execution of public service in Ukraine is the proper differentiation of state positions into political, administrative, judicial, and patronage, as well as a clear distinction of their legal status. It is emphasized that the position of the Authorized Person in the Affairs with European Court of Human Rights in the current legislation of Ukraine is not clearly classified as a state position of a certain type. At the same time, the analysis conducted allows for the assertion that the position of the Authorized Person in the Affairs with European Court of Human Rights simultaneously has features of both political and administrative positions (in particular, positions of the civil service). It is emphasized that such ambiguity can negatively affect the effectiveness of the public service and the development of the institutional system that ensures the representation of Ukraine in the European Court of Human Rights during the consideration of cases concerning violations of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, coordinates the implementation of its decisions, and informs the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe about the progress in implementing the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. In this regard, a conclusion is made about the necessity of clearly classifying the position of the Authorized Person in the Affairs with European Court of Human Rights as a state position of a certain type, which undoubtedly requires developing balanced approaches to regulating the legal status of the Authorized Person in the Affairs with European Court of Human Rights, resolving issues related to the appointment to this position, exercising the powers of the position, and dismissal from the position, etc., which, in turn, necessitates amendments to the laws of Ukraine «On Civil Service» dated 10.12.2015 and «On the Execution of Decisions and Application of the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights» dated 23.02.2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We analyzed application and match rates for pain medicine training in the United States and hypothesized that there would be (1) greater growth in the number of training positions than applicants, (2) higher match rates among US allopathic graduates relative to non-US allopathic graduates, and (3) greater number of unfilled training positions over time. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional study of all applicants for pain medicine training in the United States. Method National Resident Matching Program data were obtained over a ten-year period (2014-2023). Match rates and applicant-to-position ratios were calculated and compared over time with linear regression. Comparisons were made with chi-square tests. Results Growth in the number of annual training positions (261-377, 44% increase) exceeded growth in the number of interested applicants (398-415, 4% increase) (P  < .001). Annual applicant-to-training position ratios decreased (1.5-1.1, P  < .001). The representation of US allopathic graduates among incoming pain medicine fellows decreased over the study period (73%-58%, P  < .001) while US osteopathic graduates increased (9%-28%, P  < .001). Match rates increased for both US allopathic graduates (71%-91%, P  < .001) and non-US allopathic graduates (51%-81%, P  < .001). From 2018 to 2023, US allopathic graduates (79%) had higher match rates than US osteopathic graduates (60%, P  < .001) and international medical graduates (57%, P  < .001). More available annual training positions went unfilled over the study period (2%-5%, P  = .006). Conclusions Stagnant annual applicant volume and increasing number of available training positions have led to increasing match rates for pain medicine fellowship training. Fewer US allopathic graduates are pursuing pain medicine training. The increasing percentage of unfilled training positions warrants ongoing surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Various new positions for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were proposed to reduce the limitations of the traditional position. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the different PCNL positions. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 18 April 2023. The authors collected five common surgical positions used for PCNL: oblique supine position (OSP), supine position (SP), flank position (FP), split-leg oblique supine/flank position (SLP), and prone position (PP). Paired and network meta-analysis were conducted to compare relevant outcomes, including complications, operative time, stone-free rates, hospital stay, and hemoglobin loss among these different positions. Results: The study included 17 RCTs with a total of 1841 patients. The result demonstrated that SLP significantly outperformed in terms of decreasing operation time (FP vs SLP MD-MD-41.65; OSP vs SLP MD 28.97; PP vs SLP MD 34.94), hospital stay, and hemoglobin loss. Ranking probabilities showed SLP had highest stone-free rate. Prone position was more likely to occur complications than others. Based on SMAA model, the benefit-risk analysis suggested the SLP was the optimal position in PCNL. Conclusions: For PCNL, the split-leg, flank, supine, and OSPs are as secure as the prone position. Further RCTs are necessary to confirm the outstanding safety and efficacy of split-leg position. Besides, the position should be selected regard for the patient's demands, the surgeon's preference and learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored physical match demands across different playing positions during transitional play, to inform the need for position-specific training interventions. Data was collected using 10 Hz GPS units from 10 competitive matches including 23 elite soccer players of the 1st Polish Division (Ekstraklasa) in season 2020-21. A total of 4249 positional observations were made; center backs (n = 884), full backs (n = 972), central defensive midfielders (n = 236), central attacking midfielders (n = 270), central midfielders (n = 578), wingers (n = 778), and attackers (n = 531). Match data reflected distances covered per minute (m · min-1): total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD, > 19.8 km · h-1), sprint distance (SD, > 25.2 km · h-1), and the frequency of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (A+D, > 3 m · s-2; n · min-1). Total absolute sprint distance (SD, > 25.2 km · h-1) and total relative sprint distance (Rel B5) were also quantified. A univariate analysis of variance revealed position-specific differences. Significant effects of position were found for all analysed metrics during transitional play (large ESs; p < .001). Central attacking midfielders displayed higher TD (m · min-1), fullbacks covered highest SD (m · min-1) and wingers achieved the highest A+D (n · min-1) (p ≤ 0.05). Centre backs displayed the lowest physical outputs when compared to all other positions, except in A+D (n · min-1) during defensive transitions (p ≤ 0.05). Attackers displayed the highest physical metrics during high pressure activities (p ≤ 0.05). Coaches should carefully consider positional transitional demands to better inform training design. With specific attention paid to drills that replicate game play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Preterm birth poses significant challenges to infant health, with neurodevelopmental outcomes often affected. In the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), positioning strategies are commonly employed with the aim of mitigating adverse effects and promoting neurodevelopment in preterm infants. However, the evidence regarding the impact of different positions on neurodevelopmental outcomes remains heterogeneous and inconclusive. Objective The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of different positioning strategies on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Methods A comprehensive search will be conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. To comply with the established guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, the systematic review will be conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the date of the search. This systematic review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO to ensure thorough and transparent reporting of the search process, synthesis of findings, and analysis methods. Discussion In the context of preterm infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), the discussion surrounding the effects of different positions on neurodevelopmental outcomes is multifaceted and warrants careful consideration. Variations in study methodologies, including sample sizes, outcome measures, and follow-up durations, underscore the need for standardized approaches to facilitate comparison and synthesis of findings. The heterogeneity in reported outcomes, ranging from cognitive and motor development to sensory processing, highlights the complexity of neurodevelopmental assessment in this population and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive evaluation frameworks. Through rigorous synthesis and analysis of existing literature, our protocol aims to contribute meaningful insights that can drive future research agendas and enhance neurodevelopmental outcomes for this vulnerable population. Systematic Review Registration number CRD42023492163

This study explored physical match demands across different playing positions during transitional play, to inform the need for position-specific training interventions. Data was collected using 10 Hz GPS units from 10 competitive matches including 23 elite soccer players of the 1 st Polish Division (Ekstraklasa) in season 2020–21. A total of 4249 positional observations were made; center backs ( n = 884), full backs ( n = 972), central defensive midfielders ( n = 236), central attacking midfielders ( n = 270), central midfielders ( n = 578), wingers ( n = 778), and attackers ( n = 531). Match data reflected distances covered per minute (m·min−1): total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD, > 19.8 km·h −1 ), sprint distance (SD, > 25.2 km·h −1 ), and the frequency of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (A+D, > 3 m·s −2 ; n·min −1 ). Total absolute sprint distance (SD, > 25.2 km·h −1 ) and total relative sprint distance (Rel B5) were also quantified. A univariate analysis of variance revealed position-specific differences. Significant effects of position were found for all analysed metrics during transitional play (large ESs; p < .001). Central attacking midfielders displayed higher TD (m·min −1 ), fullbacks covered highest SD (m·min −1 ) and wingers achieved the highest A+D (n ·min −1 ) ( p ≤ 0.05). Centre backs displayed the lowest physical outputs when compared to all other positions, except in A+D (n ·min −1 ) during defensive transitions ( p ≤ 0.05). Attackers displayed the highest physical metrics during high pressure activities ( p ≤ 0.05). Coaches should carefully consider positional transitional demands to better inform training design. With specific attention paid to drills that replicate game play.

Positioning theory is a social theorization that aims to capture the dynamic analysis of conversations and discourses taking place in a social setting. Conversations as part of language assume interlocutors. As one engages in the interactive speech acts in the social setting, there comes the importance of interlocutors involved in these speech acts in creating a social reality, as language forms the knowledge of reality. Certain types of rights and duties can be observed in interactions between speakers and hearers in a social communicative context of interlocutors. The cluster of rights and duties, recognized in a certain social setting, can be termed as a position. One of the critical aspects is that positions are not always intentional or even conscious. Therefore, positioning theory has been redefined as a method of analysis with a focus on storylines. Storylines reveal implicit ascriptions and resistances of rights and duties through the performance of a variety of actions in a social setting where appropriateness of social acts are established and recognized by the participants engaged within the social situation. The education setting presents a dynamic situation where a variety of moral orders come into actions that set possibilities for different actors to engage in shifting positioning to accomplish certain educational actions. This entry presents the use of positioning theory in an educational setting.

Leadership can be defined as a combination of position, responsibilities, attitude, skills, and behaviours contributing to sustainable success. Despite extensive research on the representation of various groups, including genders and personal qualities, in leadership and management positions in medical education, there remains a lack of clarity regarding what these positions exactly are. In this scoping review, we aimed to determine these positions by following Levac et al.'s framework. We searched four databases; PubMed, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 23, 2023, resulting in 558 records for screening after removing duplicates and applying some exclusions. The review included 266 studies for data extraction and synthesis. In addition to the leadership positions, we revealed the studies’ countries, main context, discipline, and year. We identified 396 leadership and management positions in medical education under four categories: academic, administrative, journal- related, and society-related positions. Additionally, the majority of the studies (59.77%) were on gender-related topics, followed by those focusing on underrepresented minorities. The articles covered 40 different disciplines, with the surgical fields exhibiting the highest frequencies, such as orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, and plastic and reconstructive surgery. The systematically developed list of positions in our study may be considered as a valuable resource for future research, especially in studies that aim to determine the representation of women and underrepresented minorities in leadership and management positions in medical education.

Organisational identity may be understood as the result of communication processes, e.g. in the form of narratives and stories, that continuously intertwine and compete for the right to define the organisation (Boje, 1995; Humle & Frandsen, 2017). This understanding forms the background of the article which analyses the narrative struggles in a local Danish airport whose collective identity was challenged in light of organisational changes that led to a large and dispersed organisation. Combining positioning theory (Davies & Harré, 1990, 1999) with close linguistic analysis, data from a focus group interview are analysed, showing that through stories and narratives, top-management and staff members construct several positions along a cline that make it possible to achieve consensus across organisational levels and divisions. Furthermore, the article argues for analysing participants' linguistic choices in detail to come closer to how participants do positioning work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water electrolysis is currently a major technique to produce clean hydrogen, which is regarded as a promising and sustainable energy carrier. The efficiency of water electrolysis is highly dependent on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode. The evaluation of an OER electrocatalyst is frequently carried out on a three-electrode system in a container of electrolyte. Herein, we found that the electrode positions in the electrolyte container could significantly affect the data acquisition of OER performance. After a detailed investigation, we reveal that the difference of the OER activity of an electrocatalyst at a different position is originated from their different iRu drop and the gas diffusion resistance. For the first time, this work evokes concerns on the accurate evaluation of electrocatalysts regarding the electrode position. For fair comparisons and reliable results, it is strongly suggested to keep the electrode position unchanged in the electrochemical measurements. In addition, the establishment of a standard electrolyzer setup for electrocatalysis evaluation in the electrochemical community is also called for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edelle (Edee) Field-Fote, PT, PhD, FASIA, FAPTA, the 54th Mary McMillan lecturer, is director of the Shepherd Center Spinal Cord Injury Research Program & Hulse Laboratory; professor in the division of physical therapy at Emory University School of Medicine; and professor of the practice in the school of biological sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology. In her role as the director of spinal cord injury (SCI) research at Shepherd Center, Field-Fote leads a team dedicated to improving motor function in people with SCI through the development of neuromodulation and neurorehabilitation approaches informed by the latest neuroscience research and guided by outcomes that have meaning for people with SCI. With a clinical background as a physical therapist, PhD training in a preclinical model of SCI, and postdoctoral training in motor control physiology, her 25-plus years of SCI research have spanned the breadth of basic and clinical/translational research related to SCI. Dr Field-Fote has conducted randomized clinical trials with funding from the National Institutes of Health since 1997; other clinical trials in her lab have been funded by the Department of Defense, the National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research, and numerous foundations. Field-Fote is the recipient of multiple honors from the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) and its components. She is a Fellow of APTA and a Fellow of the American Spinal Injury Association. She has also served in numerous APTA and APTA component appointed or elected positions and as a member and president of the Foundation for Physical Therapy Research Board of Trustees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research agendas play an important role in directing scholarly inquiry in a field. The Research Agenda for Physical Therapy From the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) outlines research priorities that are vital to advancing physical therapist practice and the profession. The development of the research agenda included multiple iterative steps and feedback from stakeholders. A research agenda subgroup (n = 6) of the APTA Scientific and Practice Affairs Committee (SPAC), with APTA staff support, gathered information on existing research agendas, developed draft priority descriptions, and gathered feedback via surveys. The subgroup first conducted an environmental scan of the research agendas in the physical therapy and rehabilitation fields. To gather information about research priorities, APTA's Technology and Organizational Performance department distributed a survey to 3 samples. APTA staff organized the feedback, and SPAC edited and synthesized a draft agenda. This draft was sent out in survey form to the original samples and to members of the APTA Academy of Research. Concurrently, a repeat environmental scan was conducted. A final draft of the research agenda was sent for final review to a smaller cohort (n = 95) that included content experts in each of the main categories of the agenda as identified by the APTA Academy of Research. The SPAC research agenda subgroup reviewed and incorporated the information into the final draft. The final research agenda includes priorities in topical areas (population health, mechanistic research, clinical research, education/professional development research, health services research, and workforce development) identified as key in the evolution of our profession. Impact The Research Agenda for Physical Therapy From APTA identifies research priorities within the profession vital to advancing the practice and profession of physical therapy. The research agenda has 6 key areas of focus: population health research, mechanistic research, clinical research, education and professional development research, health services research, and workforce research. Researchers, funding agencies, and public policy makers can use the research agenda to concentrate research efforts around these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Definition: Positioning theory is a social theorization that aims to capture the dynamic analysis of conversations and discourses taking place in a social setting. Conversations as part of language assume interlocutors. As one engages in the interactive speech acts in the social setting, there comes the importance of interlocutors involved in these speech acts in creating a social reality, as language forms the knowledge of reality. Certain types of rights and duties can be observed in interactions between speakers and hearers in a social communicative context of interlocutors. The cluster of rights and duties, recognized in a certain social setting, can be termed as a position. One of the critical aspects is that positions are not always intentional or even conscious. Therefore, positioning theory has been redefined as a method of analysis with a focus on storylines. Storylines reveal implicit ascriptions and resistances of rights and duties through the performance of a variety of actions in a social setting where appropriateness of social acts are established and recognized by the participants engaged within the social situation. The education setting presents a dynamic situation where a variety of moral orders come into actions that set possibilities for different actors to engage in shifting positioning to accomplish certain educational actions. This entry presents the use of positioning theory in an educational setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results of analyzing age structure of Russian state universities teaching staff and its dynamics in the post-Soviet period. It is shown that due to the rapid decline after 2010 in the proportion of young people under 30 years of age and increasing share of population over 65 years of age, the imbalance is growing in favor of older people. Comparing average age of university professors and that of the employed population in dynamics shows some exceedance of the former. At the same time, for more than two decades their ratio stayed constant – the average age of teachers was 20 percent or about 8 years more than that of the employed population, which is caused, among other things, by a longer-term professional training. Analyzing age structure for various positions reveals its overall balance, with professors being the oldest in terms of average age, and assistants being the youngest.The study found significant changes of a position structure, affecting primarily professors, whose share has increased several times, as well as assistants and teachers, who occupy two lower positions in the teaching staff. Their share has decreased even more. Insight into teaching staff age structure and osition structure in Russian universities shows that changes in age characteristic, especially shrinking young people population, are associated with job positions, especially with almost complete disappearance of the teaching staff on assistant and lecturer positions. A teaching staff distribution by position also shows that more than three-quarters of the total staff have positions no higher than associate professor. It means this position is actually a “glass ceiling” for teachers in Russian higher education. This fact and almost complete lack of assistants and lecturers result in a two-stage career ladder (senior lecturer – associate professor) for the vast majority of teaching staff in Russian universities, which will inevitably have a negative impact on the level of his qualifications.

Copyright of Journal of English-Medium Instruction is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of research is the physical dimensions and motor abilities of young volleyball players, and the problem is the relationship between these anthropological characteristics and specific playing positions in volleyball. The study included 55 female volleyball players aged 14 to 16 who had been actively training for at least 2 to 4 years. Five (5) dimensions were tested to assess volleyball players' morphological status, as well as the parameters of 5 specific motor tests to assess explosive power, dexterity, and flexibility. Correlation analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between specific body dimensions and specific motor abilities from various tests. This is especially true for volleyball players' body height (ATV) and arm span (RAR), as well as their maximum, reach a height of the arms (MD1RM) and (MD2RM), in the spike (MDSM), and in the block (MDBLZ). Only the female volleyball sample's body weight (ATT) was unaffected and had no relations to any of the observed parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research objectives: Access to the request and assumption of positions and functions with the jurists, while deducing the desired purposes in terms of lawful and the unlawful Research methodology Transfer and comparison between the FOUR SCHOOLS OF JURISPRUDENCE, with inference and reasoning for each saying, discussion and weighting, and the selection and weighting of investigators from the scholars in such term. Review the legitimate purposes that the legislator has observed in the studied issue.Findings Requesting positions differ in purposes and intentions. Selecting the employee, the official and in charge person for the job and the position in which he set his sights toward GOD and considering the public interest and that the intent of the charged corresponds to the intent of the legislator The purpose of the Sharia from the guardianship is to preserve Heaven and earth. One of the purposes of people seeking positions and jobs is to support the religion, and he may intend by that to earn money, intends to show off, or intends to be in the place of or with others, and each of these purposes has a ruling regarding whether he asks for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Shoes are one of the important needs for all ages where wearing shoes can directly support the performance of our appearance. purchasing decisions including fashion. At present, changes in people's lifestyles are influenced by fashion and this is what makes the industry movement in the fashion sector more consumptive. In the world of fashion, changes for the sake of changes in style occur continuously like shoe models. The city of Kebumen is one of the places that has a great opportunity to build an imported shoe business because shoe stores that sell imported shoes with quality brands are still rare and not many can be found. So the purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of the PinkShoes shoe company strategy, in maintaining business and solving existing problems from a marketing perspective. In this study the authors used the approach of segmentation, targeting, and positioning. The result of the research is a comparison between the strategic plan and the running of the business. It can be concluded that Pinkshoes in the implementation of business activities is always carried out according to plan, but for results there is still something that needs to be done for adjustments and improvements so that they can compete with others. In implementing Pinkshoes' business activities, it experienced several problems. From the practices that have been carried out by the Pink Shoes shoe business, there has been a change in strategy. This is due to the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic. So this also has an impact on estimated financial statements. Because the changes made adjust to the circumstances and the right strategy so that you don't experience significant losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to contextualise physical metrics with tactical actions according to general and specialised tactical roles. A total of 244 English Premier League players were analysed by coding player’s physical-tactical actions via the fusion of tracking data and video. Data were analysed across 5 general (Central Defensive Players = CDP, Wide Defensive Players = WDP, Central Midfield Players = CMP, Wide Offensive Players = WOP, Central Offensive Players = COP) and 11 specialised positions (Centre Backs = CB, Full-Backs = FB, Wing-Backs = WB, Box-to-Box Midfielders = B2BM, Central Defensive Midfielders = CDM, Central Attacking Midfielders = CAM, Wide Midfielders = WM, Wide Forwards = WF, Centre Forwards = CF). COP covered more distance at high-intensity (> 19.8 km· h-1) when performing actions such as ‘Break into Box’, Run in Behind/Penetrate’, and ‘Close Down/Press’ than other positions (ES: 0.6–5.2, P < 0.01). WOP covered more high-intensity ‘Run with Ball’ distance (ES: 0.7–1.7, P < 0.01) whereas WDP performed more ‘Over/Underlap’ distance than other positions (ES: 0.9–1.4, P < 0.01). CDP and WDP covered more high-intensity ‘Covering’ distances than other positions (ES: 0.4–2.4, P < 0.01). Nonetheless, data demonstrated that implementing specialised positional analysis relative to a generalised approach is more sensitive in measuring physical-tactical performances of players with the latter over or underestimating the match demands of the players compared to the former. A contextualised analysis may assist coaches and practitioners when designing position or even player-specific training drills since the data provides unique physical-tactical trends across specialised roles.

Modern accents in the development of regions of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 in terms of improving the quality of life of the country’s population, expanding opportunities for the implementation of health-saving technologies in organizations implementing activities in the field of physical culture and sport have been reflected in the results of a survey of the information-analytical system “SM KADRY-FKiS” and survey web-service created by the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture (St. Petersburg). The priority of such specialties as “coaching teacher”, “instructor”, “instructor-methodist”, “coaching teacher in adaptive physical culture and adaptive sports” for employing organizations in the regions of the Russian Federation became obvious. The interest of the respondent organizations in employees with higher education in the field of physical culture and sports is determined. The article presents examples of additional demand for expanding the range (list) of specialties (positions) in the field of physical culture and sports, primarily related to the increase in the number of new sports facilities in the regions or reconstructed facilities, which in turn require the formation / expansion of the staff number of employees. All the peculiarities identified in the regions of the Russian Federation will entail changes in the regulatory and legal support of this industry both at the regional and federal levels.

In this study, the Enset fibers were equally divided lengthwise from bottom to top into four portions explicitly 0–300 mm (EV-I),300–600 mm (EV-II), 600–900 mm (EV-III), and 900–1200 mm (EV-IV), and the physio-mechanical properties were investigated at three different GL (Gauge length). The distribution of the physical properties of the mass, cross-sectional area, linear density, and diameter was decreased along the fibers portion from bottom to top at three different tests GL. In terms of mechanical property distributions, the Enset fiber’s tensile strength grew considerably at around the height of over 25% of the portion along the length (EV-300) from the bottom and reduced marginally at its top places in each test GL. Regarding the significance of tensile properties, the overall ANOVA has no significant difference while the interaction between the locations along the length of enset fiber has a significant difference, and this variation is also confirmed by the Weibull distribution. The current study looks into the physical and mechanical properties of Enset fibers, which are controlled by the position of the leave sheath, which is used as an input to optimize its variation for unidirectional composite applications.

The study investigates the collinear positions and stability in the elliptic restricted synchronous three-body problem under an oblate primary and a dipole secondary for Luhman 16 and HD188753 systems. Our study has established four collinear equilibrium points (L1,2,3,6) which are greatly affected by the parameters under review. The collinear position L1 move away and closer as the parameters increase and decrease respectively. For the collinear positions L2andL3, we witnessed a uniform space movement away from the origin in the negative direction while L6 seems to be moving closer to the origin from the negative part of the origin. We observed changes in the movements of the collinear positions (L1,2,3,6) as a result of the half distance between the mass dipoles and the oblateness of the primary for the problem under review. The movements away and closer to the origin from collinear positions do not change the status of the collinear points as they remain unstable and unchanged. It is also found that as the half distance between mass dipoles and oblateness of the primary increase, the region of stability of the collinear positions decreases for the aforementioned binary systems. The collinear equilibrium point (L3) is stable for the characteristic roots (λ1,2) for Luhman 16 system. This is evidenced by at least one characteristic root, a positive real part and a complex root. The stability of collinear points in most cases are unstable for the stated binary systems in Lyapunov.

This paper aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics according to the positions of basketball players. In this work, a sample of 62 basketball players aged 16-17 years, whose body height was 177.31 ± 8.112 cm, while body mass of 72.44 ± 13.27 kg, were divided into five main positions of the basketball game: Organizer of the game (n=13), shooting guard (n=14), small forward (n=14), power forward(n=11) and center (n=10). Tested are from the clubs RTV-21, ProBasket-Pristina, M - Junior from Pristina of the male gender who are following the training program from Basketball. In this research, morphological space variables were applied (n=10). Based on the obtained results, very few significant values were presented in the morphological characteristics between the group of outside players (organizer of the game, small forward and power forward) who covered the 6.75-meter line. However, the group of interior players (power forward and centers) under the basket showed significant values in all morphological variables. In the end, it can be concluded that the results of this research will be able to contribute to a better definition of the morphological characteristics between the groups defined according to the players' positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to contextualise physical metrics with tactical actions according to general and specialised tactical roles. A total of 244 English Premier League players were analysed by coding player's physical-tactical actions via the fusion of tracking data and video. Data were analysed across 5 general (Central Defensive Players = CDP, Wide Defensive Players = WDP, Central Midfield Players = CMP, Wide Offensive Players = WOP, Central Offensive Players = COP) and 11 specialised positions (Centre Backs = CB, Full-Backs = FB, Wing-Backs = WB, Box-to-Box Midfielders = B2BM, Central Defensive Midfielders = CDM, Central Attacking Midfielders = CAM, Wide Midfielders = WM, Wide Forwards = WF, Centre Forwards = CF). COP covered more distance at high-intensity (> 19.8 km ⋅ h-1) when performing actions such as 'Break into Box', Run in Behind/Penetrate', and 'Close Down/Press' than other positions (ES: 0.6--5.2, P < 0.01). WOP covered more high-intensity 'Run with Ball' distance (ES: 0.7--1.7, P < 0.01) whereas WDP performed more 'Over/Underlap' distance than other positions (ES: 0.9--1.4, P < 0.01). CDP and WDP covered more high-intensity 'Covering' distances than other positions (ES: 0.4--2.4, P < 0.01). Nonetheless, data demonstrated that implementing specialised positional analysis relative to a generalised approach is more sensitive in measuring physical-tactical performances of players with the latter over or underestimating the match demands of the players compared to the former. A contextualised analysis may assist coaches and practitioners when designing position or even player-specific training drills since the data provides unique physical-tactical trends across specialised roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about the politics of belonging that is embedded in the educational practice of early childhood institutions in Sweden, with the focus on children's doing of belonging. The research questions are: What appears as important aspects for belonging in everyday children's interactions in the ECE practice? How are positions and borders for belonging negotiated, produced, and reproduced among the children? Yuval-Davis's [(2011). Thepolitics of belonging: Intersectional contestations. London: Sage] theory about the politics of belonging is used as a framework. Data consists of 13 h of video-film of interactions among children at two Swedish ECE institutions. The findings show how the doing of belonging involves an ongoing positioning process among the children, and how the borders for being inside or outside the community are continually constructed and reconstructed. One suggestion is to talk about a glimpse or moments of a sense of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Maternal position plays an essential role in achieving labour progress as it supports the physiological mechanisms of labour. Evidence supports that adopting upright positions may facilitate physiological childbirth., Aim: To describe the use of various positionsamong nulliparous pregnant women in the last 24 h before birth and describe physical positions in relation to maternal and neonatal outcomes at time of birth., Methods: Cohort study of 105 nulliparous women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy. Body position was measured by two triaxial accelerometers (SENS motion®), and maternal and neonatal outcomes at time of birth were obtained from medical records. Positions were described for the total population and further stratified into two groups based on time spent in sacrum non-flexible (lying, sitting) and sacrum flexible (standing, walking) positions.Descriptive analyses of maternal position in relation to birth outcomes and comparisons between the two groups were made., Results: Lying down was the mostfrequent position adapted, with a median time of 659 (78;1208) minutes, equivalent to 11.0 hours. Women spent 1152 (687;1369) minutes in sacrum non-flexible positions, equivalent to 19.2 hours or 80 % of the last 24 hours before childbirth. More than 90 % gave birth in a sacrum non-flexible position. Women spending more time in sacrum non-flexible positions had more epidural analgesia than women spending more time in sacrum flexible positions (42.6 % and 21.3 %, p = 0.03)., Conclusions: Women spent 80% of their time in sacrum non-flexible positions during the last 24 hours before childbirth. At birth, more than 90% gave birth in sacrum non-flexible positions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

We find ourselves in a world of agreements and opportunism, where there are differences but no oppositions. Everyone has the right to individuality and originality, but these individual differences do not form any common structure of relations. Historically, the mechanics and system of individuation, which opposes the idea of community, is clearly visible in these problematics. Individuation in architecture, and not only, takes place at different levels of the socio-cultural hierarchy.

This Special Issue showcases empirical research on linguistic forms that can occupy multiple and diverse turn and sequence positions in a number of Asian languages and interactional contexts. Taking a conversation analytic and interactional linguistics approach, the studies in this issue identify the interactional functions and work carried out by these linguistic forms, which go beyond periphery-based arguments. The findings of the studies also illustrate the mechanisms and factors that account for the development of these forms as discourse particles and their emerging functions in various positions. • This issue examines the usage and development of diverse Asian discourse particles. • Studies show identical particles occupying multiple turn and sequence positions. • Each particle performs diverse functions in its position in real-time interaction. • The findings widen the scope of analysis beyond utterance peripheries. • Studies discuss the mechanisms and factors for the development of the particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the development of the discretionary system of bureaucratic positions in Brazil. On the one hand, the research literature relates the allocation of public offices to the coalitional presidential system. On the other hand, this literature pointed out initiatives aiming to professionalise the bureaucracy and strengthen state careers. In this context, the presidential dilemmas refer to choosing between seeking support from the coalition by appointing party members and controlling public policies by nominating individuals aligned with the president's preferences. In this article, theories of institutional change are the main theoretical framework for analysing the progression of rules on appointments to public offices and their impacts on the portraits of nominees. Through a case study of Brazil, the paper assesses the congruence between theoretical predictions and empirical evidence regarding the relationship between institutions and the distribution of public sector posts. The methodology comprises bibliographic research, documental analysis, and descriptive statistics. The documentary search concentrated on the rules regarding the presidential coordination bodies and compulsory percentages of appointed career civil servants. The results demonstrated that the laws were not effective as federal public bodies did not comply with the rules. Furthermore, the quantity of career civil servants in discretionary public offices was already high before the establishment of compulsory percentages. The role of coordination bodies varied across the different administrations. Despite the centralisation of presidential power, evidence points out that public managers are partially free to choose their staff and only sometimes comply with the legal requirements. Thus, the conclusions reinforce the need to include informal institutions in further analysis. Besides promoting a contextual description of Brazil, the paper contributes to theory-testing and theory-building on the relationship between institutions and the distribution of public offices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helping the woman to adopt a comfortable position during childbirth significantly affects labor changes and pain management. However, there is a lack of consensus on the impacts of different childbirth positions on labor outcomes. In addition, a scarce of studies have assessed the effects of the upright and recumbent positions on delivery outcomes, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Objective: This study aimed to examine and compare the influence of upright and recumbent childbirth positions on birth outcomes. Methods: The setting was the childbirth unit at East Jeddah Hospital from November 2020 to March 2021. The research design was quasi-experimental, including 300 women in labor under 18-45 years. The sample includes two equal groups of 150 women: upright (experiment) and recumbent (comparison) position groups. Three tools were used to collect data: a structured interviewing questionnaire, the modified WHO partograph, and the Wong-Baker FACES® pain rating scale. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Women in the recumbent position spent a longer duration in the first, second, and third stages of childbirth and had higher pain scores and less satisfaction with the assumed position than women in the upright position, with a highly significant difference (p

Public functions are classified into two groups depending on the nature of the mandate of the authority or institution: (1) general public functions, which represent the set of responsibilities of a general and common nature to all public authorities and institutions in order to realize their general powers.; and (2) specific public functions, which represent the set of specific responsibilities assigned to a subset of public authorities and institutions in order to achieve their specific mandates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 2, 1982, Argentina woke up with the news of the military recovery of Malvinas. The purpose of the article is to make Argentine political and trade union actors visible, addressing them in their position during the development of the initial days of the war, taking into account their capacities and wills as well as their appreciations and particular objectives in the construction of political power. The time frame will be between April 2 - the day of the military recovery of the Malvinas - and April 8 - the day after the swearing-in of General Mario Benjamín Menéndez as Military Governor of the Malvinas Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]