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The current article examines associations between preschool cognitive and behavioral skills and indicators of college enrollment in a sample (n = 379) of primarily Black and Hispanic youth growing up in low-income areas of Chicago. Although we found that most early cognitive and behavioral skills were only weakly or moderately related to later college enrollment, a rating of preschool attention and impulsivity control was a relatively strong predictor. Across most models tested, attention and impulsivity control, executive functioning, and effortful control produced predicted probabilities that were similar in magnitude, or larger, than the effects produced by early math and literacy. There was no indication that early behavioral difficulties were substantive predictors of college enrollment. These descriptive findings suggest that in a low-income sample of children, some early cognitive capabilities related to attention and EF predict longer term college enrollment. We discuss implications for developmental theory and suggest that caution should be applied when projecting likely effects of early skill-focused interventions.

The current paper reports long-term impacts of the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP) on measures of achievement, cognitive functioning, and behavioral regulation taken toward the end of students' high school careers. The CSRP was a self-regulation-focused early childhood intervention implemented in Head Start centers serving high-poverty neighborhoods in Chicago. The intervention was evaluated through a cluster randomized control trial, providing us with rare longitudinal evidence from an experimental study. However, the study was limited by issues with low power and baseline differences between experimental groups. Here, we report on follow-up data taken approximately 11-14 years after program completion, including measures of participants' (N = 430) academic achievement, executive functioning, emotional regulation, and behavioral problems, and we provide a range of analytic estimates to address the study's methodological concerns. Across our estimates, we found little evidence that the program had lasting impacts on indicators of late-adolescent functioning. Main effects were estimated with some imprecision, but nearly all models produced null effects across the broad array of outcomes considered. We also observed few indications that effects were moderated by posttreatment high school quality or later assignment to a light-touch mindset intervention. Implications for developmental theory and early childhood policy are discussed.

Lying state detection is a typical psychological calculation problem with significant spatiotemporal dynamic changes. However, most existing detection methods have not fully considered the dynamic changes in psychological states, and the distribution information of time series in multimodal spaces has not effectively utilized. The current detection systems lack adaptive fusion methods for multimodal features and it is difficult to extract their spatiotemporal dependencies. Therefore, a novel speech lie detection model was proposed that combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) neural network and multimodal feature fusion of Spatiotemporal Attention Mechanism (SAM). CNN has the ability to extract local spatial features, while BiLSTM can handle long sequences and long-term dependencies in bidirectional information flows, and the contextual information in sequences can be captured. The proposed model combined the short-term stationary characteristics in time and the diversity of semantic environments in space, and introduced SAM to fuse multimodal features of temporal and spatial dependencies as feature vectors for the detection model of lying psychological states. The simulation experiment results on the Open-source Real Life Trial lie database show that the average lie detection rate reaches 88.09%. In general, the proposed speech lie detection model has a significant detection accuracy improvement compared to the existing lie detection models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a 2D semiconductor material, graphdiyne (GDY) is a promising photocatalyst with excellent carrier mobility, uniform pores, ideal light absorption, and appropriate bandgap structure. Herein, GDY nanosheets are prepared by mechanical ball milling and subsequently tightly bonded to Ni6MnO8 by the in situ calcination method. The constructed Ni6MnO8/GDY S‐scheme heterojunction exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance. Under visible light, with eosin Y as the sensitizer, the hydrogen evolution of the optimized component reaches 1719.2 μmol (g h)−1, representing 3.6 and 9.6 times enhancement in comparison with that of Ni6MnO8 and GDY, respectively. The in situ calcination method is thought to play a major role in improving the efficiency of hydrogen evolution, which can enhance the interactions between the materials without significantly reducing the specific surface area of the materials. The presence of an internal electric field in the composite catalyst facilitates the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, an S‐scheme heterojunction charge transfer model with Ni6MnO8 as the active site for hydrogen precipitation is rationally constructed by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thereby revealing the migration path of photogenerated carriers. The results provide a new strategy for the construction of GDY‐based photocatalytic composite catalysts with exceptional potential for hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between common BTMs and DKD in a large sample of elderly patients. The goal is to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk individuals for DKD among elderly T2DM patients from a bone metabolism perspective. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, BTMs were collected from a cohort of 2,051 hospitalized Chinese patients. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OSTEOC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and DKD, as well as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed using regression analysis and restrictive cubic spline (RCS) curves. Results: Higher 25-OH-D levels were independently linked to a lower incidence of DKD and decreased UACR. The RCS curves showed a linear association of 25-OH-D and DKD, approaching the L-shape. β-CTX was independently and positively correlated with UACR. There is an independent positive correlation between OSTEOC and UACR and a negative correlation with eGFR. iPTH is independently and positively correlated with DKD incidence and UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. Additionally, the RCS curves showed a non-linear association of OSTEOC and iPTH and DKD, approaching the J-shape, and the point of inflection is 10.875 ng/L and 34.15 pg/mL respectively. There is an independent positive correlation between TP1NP and UACR incidence, and a negative correlation with eGFR. Risk estimates significantly increase with higher TP1NP levels in the RCS model. Conclusion: BTMs are closely associated with kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM. These discoveries potentially assist clinicians in establishing more preventive measures and targeted treatment strategies for elderly patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic tracking of spinal instrumentation could facilitate real-time evaluation of hardware integrity and in so doing alert patients/clinicians of potential failure(s). Critically, no method yet exists to continually monitor the integrity of spinal hardware and by proxy the process of spinal arthrodesis; as such hardware failures are often not appreciated until clinical symptoms manifest. Accordingly, herein, we report on the development and engineering of a bio-adhesive metal detector array (BioMDA), a potential wearable solution for real-time, non-invasive positional analyses of osseous implants within the spine. The electromagnetic coupling mechanism and intimate interfacial adhesion enable the precise sensing of the metallic implants position without the use of radiation. The customized decoupling models developed facilitate the precise determination of the horizontal and vertical positions of the implants with incredible levels of accuracy (e.g., <0.5 mm). These data support the potential use of BioMDA in real-time/dynamic postoperative monitoring of spinal implants. No method exists for real-time evaluation of the status of spinal implants. Here, the authors developed a bio-adhesive metal detector array (BioMDA) that provides a wearable, non-invasive solution for positional analyses of osseous implants within the spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In context of COVID-19 as a collective trauma and the intense involvement of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the pandemic, perceived stress continues to have a tremendous impact on their psychological well-being. However, few studies have attempted to delineate the underlying mechanisms. This study examined whether COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization act as mediators. Methods: A sample of HCWs (N = 2610) from 22 hospitals in Beijing, China participated in this cross-sectional investigation. Data on their perceived stress, psychological well-being, the impact of event, and reflective function during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected using self-report questionnaires. Different mediating models were tested. Results: COVID-19-related stress symptoms and mentalization independently mediate the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. These two mediators also compose a serial mediation model. In particular, higher perceived stress inhibits the psychological well-being of HCWs through increased severity of traumatic stress symptoms, which in turn is associated with hypomentalizing. Conclusion: These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in HCWs. We strongly recommend incorporating a mentalization framework with trauma-informed practice in prevention and intervention work with this population during this and future healthcare crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of super high-rise building projects has become crucial for mitigating land shortages in rapidly growing urban areas. Super high-rise steel structures, particularly RC core wall-steel frame systems, have become the preferred choice due to their superior performance, high prefabrication level, and construction efficiency. Despite their benefits, super high-rise buildings face challenges related to higher energy consumption and carbon emissions. Consequently, it is important to analyze the carbon emissions of these buildings throughout their lifecycle and propose low-carbon construction strategies. A carbon emission analysis focused on super high-rise buildings with RC core wall-steel frame structures is conducted in this study. A carbon emission analysis model is constructed based on BIM-enabled LCA through a real-world case study. The emission factor method is combined with the BIM model to calculate carbon emission. Furthermore, carbon emissions across various construction strategies are compared, with a particular focus on the manufacturing processes of the main materials. The results indicate that incorporating admixtures in concrete, along with adopting the electric arc furnace (EAF) method and utilizing recycled scrap steel in steel manufacturing, significantly reduces the carbon emissions of the buildings. Lastly, effective low-carbon approaches for these buildings are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimism, a positive mindset towards the future, serves various adaptive functions. While its significance has been acknowledged in the literature, the role of self-transcendence in fostering optimism remains underexplored. The present research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that awe, a typical self-transcendent emotion, fosters optimism through self-transcendence. We tested the proposition in four studies. In Study 1, we manipulated awe and found that awe boosted optimism. In Study 2, we compared the effect of awe with amusement on optimism, ruling out alternative explanations such as awe being merely a positive emotion or related to nature exposure. In Study 3, we tested the mediating effect of self-transcendence and excluded the potential mediating role of self-smallness. In Study 4, we manipulated self-transcendence and measured optimism to test the causal effect of self-transcendence on optimism. These findings offer new insights into cultivating optimism and highlight the importance of self-transcendence in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]