13 results on '"Panchia, Ravindre"'
Search Results
2. Prevalent human papillomavirus infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition in African women: advancing the argument for human papillomavirus immunization
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Liu, Gui, Mugo, Nelly R, Brown, Elizabeth R, Mgodi, Nyaradzo M, Chirenje, Zvavahera M, Marrazzo, Jeanne M, Winer, Rachel L, Mansoor, Leila, Palanee-Phillips, Thesla, Siva, Samantha S, Naidoo, Logashvari, Jeenarain, Nitesha, Gaffoor, Zakir, Nair, Gonasagrie L, Selepe, Pearl, Nakabiito, Clemensia, Mkhize, Baningi, Mirembe, Brenda Gati, Taljaard, Marthinette, Panchia, Ravindre, Baeten, Jared M, Balkus, Jennifer E, Hladik, Florian, Celum, Connie L, and Barnabas, Ruanne V
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,Cancer ,Cervical Cancer ,Prevention ,Immunization ,HIV/AIDS ,Adolescent Sexual Activity ,Clinical Research ,HPV and/or Cervical Cancer Vaccines ,Vaccine Related ,Pediatric ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.4 Vaccines ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Alphapapillomavirus ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Papillomaviridae ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Papillomavirus Vaccines ,Prevalence ,Risk Factors ,Vaccination ,Young Adult ,adolescent girls and young women ,cervical cancer ,HIV acquisition ,human papillomavirus ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Virology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveVaccine-preventable human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV risk is also high. However, unlike other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HPV's role in HIV acquisition is unclear. We evaluated this relationship using data from MTN-003, a clinical trial of HIV chemoprophylaxis among cisgender women in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignA case-control study.MethodsWe matched 138 women who acquired HIV (cases) to 412 HIV-negative controls. Cervicovaginal swabs collected within 6 months before HIV seroconversion were tested for HPV DNA. We estimated the associations between carcinogenic (high-risk) and low-risk HPV types and types targeted by HPV vaccines and HIV acquisition, using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for time-varying sexual behaviors and other STIs.ResultsMean age was 23 (±4) years. Any, high-risk and low-risk HPV was detected in 84, 74 and 66% of cases, and 65, 55 and 48% of controls. Infection with at least two HPV types was common in cases (67%) and controls (49%), as was infection with nonavalent vaccine-targeted types (60 and 42%). HIV acquisition increased with any [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-4.7], high-risk (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.6) and low-risk (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9) HPV. Each additional type detected increased HIV risk by 20% (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4). HIV acquisition was associated with HPV types targeted by the nonavalent (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.6) and quadrivalent vaccines (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2).ConclusionHPV infection is associated with HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan African women. In addition to preventing HPV-associated cancers, increasing HPV vaccination coverage could potentially reduce HIV incidence.
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- 2022
3. Safety and immunogenicity of booster vaccination and fractional dosing with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 in Ad26.COV2.S-vaccinated participants
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Riou, Catherine, primary, Bhiman, Jinal N., additional, Ganga, Yashica, additional, Sawry, Shobna, additional, Ayres, Frances, additional, Baguma, Richard, additional, Balla, Sashkia R., additional, Benede, Ntombi, additional, Bernstein, Mallory, additional, Besethi, Asiphe S., additional, Cele, Sandile, additional, Crowther, Carol, additional, Dhar, Mrinmayee, additional, Geyer, Sohair, additional, Gill, Katherine, additional, Grifoni, Alba, additional, Hermanus, Tandile, additional, Kaldine, Haajira, additional, Keeton, Roanne S., additional, Kgagudi, Prudence, additional, Khan, Khadija, additional, Lazarus, Erica, additional, Le Roux, Jean, additional, Lustig, Gila, additional, Madzivhandila, Mashudu, additional, Magugu, Siyabulela F. J., additional, Makhado, Zanele, additional, Manamela, Nelia P., additional, Mkhize, Qiniso, additional, Mosala, Paballo, additional, Motlou, Thopisang P., additional, Mutavhatsindi, Hygon, additional, Mzindle, Nonkululeko B., additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Nesamari, Rofhiwa, additional, Ngomti, Amkele, additional, Nkayi, Anathi A., additional, Nkosi, Thandeka P., additional, Omondi, Millicent A., additional, Panchia, Ravindre, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Sette, Alessandro, additional, Singh, Upasna, additional, van Graan, Strauss, additional, Venter, Elizabeth M., additional, Walters, Avril, additional, Moyo-Gwete, Thandeka, additional, Richardson, Simone I., additional, Garrett, Nigel, additional, Rees, Helen, additional, Bekker, Linda-Gail, additional, Gray, Glenda, additional, Burgers, Wendy A., additional, Sigal, Alex, additional, Moore, Penny L., additional, and Fairlie, Lee, additional
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- 2024
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4. Cabotegravir for the prevention of HIV-1 in women: results from HPTN 084, a phase 3, randomised clinical trial
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Asmelash, Aida, Sehurutshi, Alice, Baguma, Allan, Marais, Anita, Kawoozo, Barbarah, Malinga, Bongiwe Prudence, Mirembe, Brenda Gati, Okech, Brenda, Esterhuizen, Bryan, Murombedzi, Caroline, Gadama, Daphne, Hwengwere, Eldinah, Roos, Elizabeth, Magada, Elizabeth S, Shava, Emily, Piwowar-Manning, Estelle, Tahuringana, Eunice, Muhlanga, Felix GS, Conradie, Francesca, Angira, Frank, Nanyonjo, Gertrude, Kistnasami, Girisha, Mvula, Hazzie, Naidoo, Ishana, Horak, Jaco, Jere, Jane, Moodley, Jeeva, Shin, Katie, Nel, Kerry, Bokoch, Kevin, Birungi, Lilian, Emel, Lynda, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, Sibanda, Marvelous, Mutambanengwe, Mercy, Chitukuta, Miria, Matimbira, Moleen, Bhondai-Mhuri, Muchaneta, Sibisi, Ncamsile, Morar, Neetha, Mudzonga, Netsai, Natureeba, Paul, Richardson, Paul, Musara, Petina, Macdonald, Pippa, Nkambule, Rejoice, Mosime, Repelang, White, Rhonda, Berhanu, Ribka, Ncube-Sihlongonyane, Ritha, Sekabira, Rogers, Siva, Samantha, Pillay, Saresha, Govender, Shamelle, Bamweyana, Sheiala, Nzimande, Siyabonga, Innes, Steve, Dadabhai, Sufia, Samandari, Taraz, Tembo, Tchangani, Lungu Mabedi, Thandie, Chirenda, Thandiwe, Chidemo, Tinashe, Mudhune, Victor, Naidoo, Vikesh, Samaneka, Wadzanai, Agyei, Yaw, Musodza, Yeukai, Fourie, Yolandie, Gaffoor, Zakir, Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead, Hughes, James P, Bock, Peter, Ouma, Samuel Gurrion, Hunidzarira, Portia, Kalonji, Dishiki, Kayange, Noel, Makhema, Joseph, Mandima, Patricia, Mathew, Carrie, Spooner, Elizabeth, Mpendo, Juliet, Mukwekwerere, Pamela, Mgodi, Nyaradzo, Ntege, Patricia Nahirya, Nair, Gonasagrie, Nakabiito, Clemensia, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, Panchia, Ravindre, Singh, Nishanta, Siziba, Bekezela, Farrior, Jennifer, Rose, Scott, Anderson, Peter L, Eshleman, Susan H, Marzinke, Mark A, Hendrix, Craig W, Beigel-Orme, Stephanie, Hosek, Sybil, Tolley, Elizabeth, Sista, Nirupama, Adeyeye, Adeola, Rooney, James F, Rinehart, Alex, Spreen, William R, Smith, Kimberly, Hanscom, Brett, Cohen, Myron S, and Hosseinipour, Mina C
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- 2022
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5. Safety and immunogenicity of booster vaccination and fractional dosing with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 in Ad26.COV2.S-vaccinated participants
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Riou, Catherine, primary, Bhiman, Jinal N, additional, Ganga, Yashica, additional, Sawry, Shobna, additional, Ayres, Frances, additional, Baguma, Richard, additional, Balla, Sashkia R, additional, Benede, Ntombi, additional, Bernstein, Mallory, additional, Besethi, Asiphe S, additional, Cele, Sandile, additional, Crowther, Carol, additional, Dhar, Mrinmayee, additional, Geyer, Sohair, additional, Gill, Katherine, additional, Grifoni, Alba, additional, Hermanus, Tandile, additional, Kaldine, Haajira, additional, Keeton, Roanne S, additional, Kgagudi, Prudence, additional, Khan, Khadija, additional, Lazarus, Erica, additional, Le Roux, Jean, additional, Lustig, Gila, additional, Madzivhandila, Mashudu, additional, Magugu, Siyabulela FJ, additional, Makhado, Zanele, additional, Manamela, Nelia P, additional, Mkhize, Qiniso, additional, Mosala, Paballo, additional, Motlou, Thopisang P, additional, Mutavhatsindi, Hygon, additional, Mzindle, Nonkululeko B, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Nesamari, Rofhiwa, additional, Ngomti, Amkele, additional, Nkayi, Anathi A, additional, Nkosi, Thandeka P, additional, Omondi, Millicent A, additional, Panchia, Ravindre, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Sette, Alessandro, additional, Singh, Upasna, additional, van Graan, Strauss, additional, Venter, Elizabeth M., additional, Walters, Avril, additional, Moyo-Gwete, Thandeka, additional, Richardson, Simone I., additional, Garrett, Nigel, additional, Rees, Helen, additional, Bekker, Linda-Gail, additional, Gray, Glenda, additional, Burgers, Wendy A., additional, Sigal, Alex, additional, Moore, Penny L, additional, and Fairlie, Lee, additional
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- 2023
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6. HIV Incidence Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in the FACTS-001 Trial: Implications for HIV Prevention, Especially PrEP Use
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Rees, Helen, Chersich, Matthew Francis, Munthali, Richard J., Brumskine, William, Palanee-Phillips, Thesla, Nkala, Busi, Ahmed, Khatija, Sebe, Modulakgotla, Mabude, Zonke, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Kotze, Philip, Mogodiri, Thembisile, Naidoo, Ishana, Panchia, Ravindre, Myer, Landon, Lombard, Carl, Doncel, Gustavo F., Gray, Glenda, and Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead
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- 2021
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7. HIV risk perception and sexual behavior among HIV-uninfected men and transgender women who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the HPTN 075 qualitative sub-study
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Mbilizi Chimwaza, Yamikani R., primary, Dadabhai, Sufia S., additional, Nyondo Mipando, Alinane L., additional, Mbeda, Calvin, additional, Panchia, Ravindre, additional, Lucas, Jonathan P., additional, Chege, Wairimu, additional, Hamilton, Erica L., additional, and Sandfort, Theodorus G. M., additional
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- 2022
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8. Cabotegravir for the prevention of HIV-1 in women: results from HPTN 084, a phase 3, randomised clinical trial
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Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead, primary, Hughes, James P, additional, Bock, Peter, additional, Ouma, Samuel Gurrion, additional, Hunidzarira, Portia, additional, Kalonji, Dishiki, additional, Kayange, Noel, additional, Makhema, Joseph, additional, Mandima, Patricia, additional, Mathew, Carrie, additional, Spooner, Elizabeth, additional, Mpendo, Juliet, additional, Mukwekwerere, Pamela, additional, Mgodi, Nyaradzo, additional, Ntege, Patricia Nahirya, additional, Nair, Gonasagrie, additional, Nakabiito, Clemensia, additional, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, additional, Panchia, Ravindre, additional, Singh, Nishanta, additional, Siziba, Bekezela, additional, Farrior, Jennifer, additional, Rose, Scott, additional, Anderson, Peter L, additional, Eshleman, Susan H, additional, Marzinke, Mark A, additional, Hendrix, Craig W, additional, Beigel-Orme, Stephanie, additional, Hosek, Sybil, additional, Tolley, Elizabeth, additional, Sista, Nirupama, additional, Adeyeye, Adeola, additional, Rooney, James F, additional, Rinehart, Alex, additional, Spreen, William R, additional, Smith, Kimberly, additional, Hanscom, Brett, additional, Cohen, Myron S, additional, Hosseinipour, Mina C, additional, Asmelash, Aida, additional, Sehurutshi, Alice, additional, Baguma, Allan, additional, Marais, Anita, additional, Kawoozo, Barbarah, additional, Malinga, Bongiwe Prudence, additional, Mirembe, Brenda Gati, additional, Okech, Brenda, additional, Esterhuizen, Bryan, additional, Murombedzi, Caroline, additional, Gadama, Daphne, additional, Hwengwere, Eldinah, additional, Roos, Elizabeth, additional, Magada, Elizabeth S, additional, Shava, Emily, additional, Piwowar-Manning, Estelle, additional, Tahuringana, Eunice, additional, Muhlanga, Felix GS, additional, Conradie, Francesca, additional, Angira, Frank, additional, Nanyonjo, Gertrude, additional, Kistnasami, Girisha, additional, Mvula, Hazzie, additional, Naidoo, Ishana, additional, Horak, Jaco, additional, Jere, Jane, additional, Moodley, Jeeva, additional, Shin, Katie, additional, Nel, Kerry, additional, Bokoch, Kevin, additional, Birungi, Lilian, additional, Emel, Lynda, additional, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, additional, Sibanda, Marvelous, additional, Mutambanengwe, Mercy, additional, Chitukuta, Miria, additional, Matimbira, Moleen, additional, Bhondai-Mhuri, Muchaneta, additional, Sibisi, Ncamsile, additional, Morar, Neetha, additional, Mudzonga, Netsai, additional, Natureeba, Paul, additional, Richardson, Paul, additional, Musara, Petina, additional, Macdonald, Pippa, additional, Nkambule, Rejoice, additional, Mosime, Repelang, additional, White, Rhonda, additional, Berhanu, Ribka, additional, Ncube-Sihlongonyane, Ritha, additional, Sekabira, Rogers, additional, Siva, Samantha, additional, Pillay, Saresha, additional, Govender, Shamelle, additional, Bamweyana, Sheiala, additional, Nzimande, Siyabonga, additional, Innes, Steve, additional, Dadabhai, Sufia, additional, Samandari, Taraz, additional, Tembo, Tchangani, additional, Lungu Mabedi, Thandie, additional, Chirenda, Thandiwe, additional, Chidemo, Tinashe, additional, Mudhune, Victor, additional, Naidoo, Vikesh, additional, Samaneka, Wadzanai, additional, Agyei, Yaw, additional, Musodza, Yeukai, additional, Fourie, Yolandie, additional, and Gaffoor, Zakir, additional
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- 2022
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9. Cabotegravir for Prevention of HIV-1 in Women: Results From HPTN 084, a Phase III, Randomised Controlled Trial
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Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead, primary, Hughes, James P., additional, Bock, Peter, additional, Ouma, Samuel Gurrion, additional, Hunidzarira, Portia, additional, Kalonji, Dishiki, additional, Kayange, Noel, additional, Makhema, Joseph, additional, Mandima, Patricia, additional, Mathew, Carrie, additional, Spooner, Elizabeth, additional, Mpendo, Juliet, additional, Mukwekwerere, Pamela, additional, Mgodi, Nyaradzo M., additional, Ntege, Patricia Nahirya, additional, Nair, Gonasagrie, additional, Nakabiito, Clemensia, additional, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, additional, Panchia, Ravindre, additional, Singh, Nishanta, additional, Siziba, Bekezela, additional, Farrior, Jennifer, additional, Rose, Scott, additional, Berhanu, Rebecca, additional, Anderson, Peter L, additional, Agyei, Yaw, additional, Eshleman, Susan H., additional, Marzinke, Mark A., additional, Piwowar-Manning, Estelle, additional, Hendrix, Craig W., additional, Asmelash, Aida, additional, Conradie, Francesca, additional, Moorhouse, Michelle, additional, Richardson, Paul, additional, Beigel-Orme, Stephanie, additional, Emel, Lynda, additional, Bokoch, Kevin, additional, White, Rhonda, additional, Hosek, Sybil, additional, Tolley, Elizabeth, additional, Sista, Nirupama, additional, Shin, Katherine, additional, Adeyeye, Adeola, additional, Rooney, James, additional, Rinehart, Alex R., additional, Spreen, William R, additional, Smith, Kimberly, additional, Hanscom, Brett, additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, and Hosseinipour, Mina C., additional
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- 2022
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10. Sexually transmitted infections among HIV serodiscordant partners: A secondary analysis of HIV Prevention Trial Network 052.
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Chagomerana, Maganizo B, Hosseinipour, Mina C, Pilotto, Jose Henrique, Badal-Faesen, Sharlaa, Nyirenda, Mulinda, Shava, Emily, Godbole, Sheela V, Akelo, Victor, Chariyalertsak, Suwat, Panchia, Ravindre, and Cohen, Myron
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a public health concern because of their interaction(s) with HIV. In the HPTN 052 study, STIs were evaluated in both HIV-positive index cases and their HIV-negative partners at enrollment and at yearly follow-up visits. Our definition for STI was based on any infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. We used log-binomial regression models to identify factors associated with prevalent STIs. Generalized estimating equation models with the Poisson distribution were used to compare STI incidence between HIV-positive index cases and HIV-negative partners. 8.1% of the participants had STIs at enrollment. The prevalence of STIs (8.9 vs. 7.2) was higher in HIV-positive index cases than HIV-negative partners. Being female (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.20–2.16) or unmarried (PR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.17–3.14) was associated with prevalent STIs. Compared to HIV-negative male partners, HIV-positive female index cases had a higher risk of STI acquisition (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.70–2.97). While we are implementing HIV prevention interventions for HIV-negative people, we should also intensify targeted STI prevention interventions, especially among HIV-positive women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir or Daily F/TAF for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Women.
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Bekker LG, Das M, Abdool Karim Q, Ahmed K, Batting J, Brumskine W, Gill K, Harkoo I, Jaggernath M, Kigozi G, Kiwanuka N, Kotze P, Lebina L, Louw CE, Malahleha M, Manentsa M, Mansoor LE, Moodley D, Naicker V, Naidoo L, Naidoo M, Nair G, Ndlovu N, Palanee-Phillips T, Panchia R, Pillay S, Potloane D, Selepe P, Singh N, Singh Y, Spooner E, Ward AM, Zwane Z, Ebrahimi R, Zhao Y, Kintu A, Deaton C, Carter CC, Baeten JM, and Matovu Kiweewa F
- Abstract
Background: There are gaps in uptake of, adherence to, and persistence in the use of preexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among cisgender women., Methods: We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving adolescent girls and young women in South Africa and Uganda. Participants were assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous lenacapavir every 26 weeks, daily oral emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), or daily oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF; active control); all participants also received the alternate subcutaneous or oral placebo. We assessed the efficacy of lenacapavir and F/TAF by comparing the incidence of HIV infection with the estimated background incidence in the screened population and evaluated relative efficacy as compared with F/TDF., Results: Among 5338 participants who were initially HIV-negative, 55 incident HIV infections were observed: 0 infections among 2134 participants in the lenacapavir group (0 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00 to 0.19), 39 infections among 2136 participants in the F/TAF group (2.02 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.76), and 16 infections among 1068 participants in the F/TDF group (1.69 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.74). Background HIV incidence in the screened population (8094 participants) was 2.41 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 1.82 to 3.19). HIV incidence with lenacapavir was significantly lower than background HIV incidence (incidence rate ratio, 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.04; P<0.001) and than HIV incidence with F/TDF (incidence rate ratio, 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.10; P<0.001). HIV incidence with F/TAF did not differ significantly from background HIV incidence (incidence rate ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.28; P = 0.21), and no evidence of a meaningful difference in HIV incidence was observed between F/TAF and F/TDF (incidence rate ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.14). Adherence to F/TAF and F/TDF was low. No safety concerns were found. Injection-site reactions were more common in the lenacapavir group (68.8%) than in the placebo injection group (F/TAF and F/TDF combined) (34.9%); 4 participants in the lenacapavir group (0.2%) discontinued the trial regimen owing to injection-site reactions., Conclusions: No participants receiving twice-yearly lenacapavir acquired HIV infection. HIV incidence with lenacapavir was significantly lower than background HIV incidence and HIV incidence with F/TDF. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; PURPOSE 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04994509.)., (Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.)
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- 2024
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12. Safety and immunogenicity of booster vaccination and fractional dosing with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 in Ad26.COV2.S-vaccinated participants.
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Riou C, Bhiman JN, Ganga Y, Sawry S, Ayres F, Baguma R, Balla SR, Benede N, Bernstein M, Besethi AS, Cele S, Crowther C, Dhar M, Geyer S, Gill K, Grifoni A, Hermanus T, Kaldine H, Keeton RS, Kgagudi P, Khan K, Lazarus E, Roux JL, Lustig G, Madzivhandila M, Magugu SF, Makhado Z, Manamela NP, Mkhize Q, Mosala P, Motlou TP, Mutavhatsindi H, Mzindle NB, Nana A, Nesamari R, Ngomti A, Nkayi AA, Nkosi TP, Omondi MA, Panchia R, Patel F, Sette A, Singh U, van Graan S, Venter EM, Walters A, Moyo-Gwete T, Richardson SI, Garrett N, Rees H, Bekker LG, Gray G, Burgers WA, Sigal A, Moore PL, and Fairlie L
- Abstract
Background: We report the safety and immunogenicity of fractional and full dose Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2 in an open label phase 2 trial of participants previously vaccinated with a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S, with 91.4% showing evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection., Methods: A total of 286 adults (with or without HIV) were enrolled >4 months after an Ad26.COV2.S prime and randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive either a full or half-dose booster of Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccine. B cell responses (binding, neutralization and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity-ADCC), and spike-specific T-cell responses were evaluated at baseline, 2, 12 and 24 weeks post-boost. Antibody and T-cell immunity targeting the Ad26 vector was also evaluated., Results: No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were recorded. The full- and half-dose BNT162b2 boosted anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding antibody levels (3.9- and 4.5-fold, respectively) and neutralizing antibody levels (4.4- and 10-fold). Binding and neutralizing antibodies following half-dose Ad26.COV2.S were not significantly boosted. Full-dose Ad26.COV2.S did not boost binding antibodies but slightly enhanced neutralizing antibodies (2.1-fold). ADCC was marginally increased only after a full-dose BNT162b2. T-cell responses followed a similar pattern to neutralizing antibodies. Six months post-boost, antibody and T-cell responses had waned to baseline levels. While we detected strong anti-vector immunity, there was no correlation between anti-vector immunity in Ad26.COV2.S recipients and spike-specific neutralizing antibody or T-cell responses post-Ad26.COV2.S boosting., Conclusion: In the context of hybrid immunity, boosting with heterologous full- or half-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine demonstrated superior immunogenicity 2 weeks post-vaccination compared to homologous Ad26.COV2.S, though rapid waning occurred by 12 weeks post-boost., Trial Registration: South African National Clinical Trial Registry (SANCR): DOH-27-012022-7841., Funding: South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) and South African Department of Health (SA DoH)., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest: A.Se. is a consultant for AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Calyptus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Darwin Health, EmerVax, EUROIMMUN, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Fortress Biotech, Gilead Sciences, Granite bio., Gritstone Oncology, Guggenheim Securities, Moderna, Pfizer, RiverVest Venture Partners, and Turnstone Biologics. A.G. is a consultant for Pfizer. LJI has filed for patent protection for various aspects of T cell epitope and vaccine design work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
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- 2023
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13. HIV Incidence Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in the FACTS-001 Trial: Implications for HIV Prevention, Especially PrEP Use.
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Rees H, Chersich MF, Munthali RJ, Brumskine W, Palanee-Phillips T, Nkala B, Ahmed K, Sebe M, Mabude Z, Nchabeleng M, Bekker LG, Kotze P, Mogodiri T, Naidoo I, Panchia R, Myer L, Lombard C, Doncel GF, Gray G, and Delany-Moretlwe S
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- Adolescent, Adult, Female, HIV Infections transmission, Humans, Incidence, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious epidemiology, Pregnant Women, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, South Africa epidemiology, Tenofovir therapeutic use, Young Adult, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis statistics & numerical data, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control, Tenofovir administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: During pregnancy and postpartum period, the sexual behaviors of women and their partners change in ways that may either increase or reduce HIV risks. Pregnant women are a priority population for reducing both horizontal and vertical HIV transmission., Setting: Nine sites in 4 South African provinces., Methods: Women aged 18-30 years were randomized to receive pericoital tenofovir 1% gel or placebo gel and required to use reliable modern contraception. We compared HIV incidence in women before, during, and after pregnancy and used multivariate Cox Proportional hazards models to compare HIV incidence by pregnancy status., Results: Rates of pregnancy were 7.1 per 100 woman-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3 to 8.1) and highest in those who reported oral contraceptive use (25.1 per 100 woman-years; adjusted hazard ratio 22.97 higher than other women; 95% CI: 5.0 to 105.4) or had 2 children. Birth outcomes were similar between trial arms, with 59.8% having full-term live births. No difference was detected in incident HIV during pregnancy compared with nonpregnant women (2.1 versus 4.3%; hazard ratio = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.14 to 2.26). Sexual activity was low in pregnancy and the early postpartum period, as was consistent condom use., Conclusions: Pregnancy incidence was high despite trial participation being contingent on contraceptive use. We found no evidence that rates of HIV acquisition were elevated in pregnancy when compared with those in nonpregnant women. Risks from reductions in condom use may be offset by reduced sexual activity. Nevertheless, high HIV incidence in both pregnant and nonpregnant women supports consideration of introducing antiretroviral-containing pre-exposure prophylaxis for pregnant and nonpregnant women in high HIV prevalence settings., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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