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Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a physiologically focused radiation therapy that relies on nuclear capture and fission processes. BNCT is regarded as one of the most promising treatments due to its excellent accuracy, short duration of therapy, and low side effects. The creation of novel boron medicines with high selectivity, ease of delivery, and high boron‐effective load is a current research topic. Herein, boron‐containing carbon dots (BCDs) and their human serum albumin (HSA) complexes (BCDs‐HSA) are designed and synthesized as boron‐containing drugs for BNCT. BCDs (10B: 7.1 wt%) and BCDs‐HSA exhibited excitation‐independent orange fluorescent emission which supported the use of fluorescence imaging for tracking 10B in vivo. The introduction of HSA enabled BCDs‐HSA to exhibit good biocompatibility and increased tumor accumulation. The active and passive targeting abilities of BCDs‐HSA are explored in detail. Subcutaneous RM‐1 tumors and B16‐F10 tumors both significantly decrease with BNCT, which consists of injecting BCDs‐HSA and then irradiating the area with neutrons. In short, this study provides a novel strategy for the delivery of boron and may broaden the perspectives for the design of boron‐containing carbon dots nanomedicine for BNCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an abnormal vascular mass with disordered arteriovenous connection. Endothelial KRAS mutation is common in bAVM. In vivo studies have demonstrated that mutations of KRAS in somatic cells can induce bAVM-like angiogenesis, suggesting that KRAS gene may play a key role in the development and progression of bAVM. Summary: In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review of action mechanisms of KRAS mutations in the development of bAVM and summarize potential targeting drugs for KRAS mutations in bAVM somatic cells. Key Message: KRAS mutation in human brain endothelial cells is a key driver in the pathogenesis of sporadic cerebral arteriovenous malformations. It is of great clinical importance to explore and summarize the changes in the signaling pathway induced by KRAS mutation, which may provide additional targets for the treatment of sporadic bAVM development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior cranial fossa (ACF) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) present unique treatment challenges due to their complex angioarchitecture and high risk of hemorrhage. Recent advancements in endovascular techniques have highlighted the potential of transarterial embolization in managing these fistulas., Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and angiographic outcomes of transarterial embolization (TAE) as a first-line treatment for ACF DAVFs over a twenty-year period., Methods: From March 200 to September 2021, a total of 54 patients harboring ACF DAVFs underwent TAE as a first-line approach at our institution. The clinical presentation, angiographic features, procedure-related complications, clinical outcomes, and angiographic results were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Among 54 ACF DAVF treated, there were 48 males and 6 females, with a mean age of 52.5 (52.5 ± 13.0) years. Intracranial hemorrhage (51.9%, 28/54) was the most common symptom. A total of 57 embolization attempts were performed. 85.2% (46/54) achieved complete angiographic occlusion immediately post-TAE. Complications occurred in 3.7% (2/54) of patients. 97.6% (41/42) experienced symptom improvement or stabilization during clinical follow-up. Radiological follow-up showed that 85.0% (34/40) maintained complete fistula occlusion. Angiographic recurrence occurred in one (2.5%, 1/40,) patient without any symptoms., Conclusions: TAE for ACF DAVFs demonstrates a high rate of complete occlusion with an acceptable safety profile. Further comparative studies with other treatment approaches are recommended to validate these findings., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study involved human participants and was approved by Ethics Committee of Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University [Y2020-004]. In this retrospective study, the requirement for informed consent was waived. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background and Purpose: Current evidence suggests that tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas with endovascular treatment offer a high rate of occlusion and reduced procedural risks. Here we report the clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas who underwent endovascular treatment as first-line treatment., Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 83 patients with tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas treated at our center from April 2009 to November 2023 using endovascular treatment. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, angiographic, treatment results, and follow-up outcomes were registered. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify onset of intracranial hemorrhage predictors, procedure-related complications predictors and predictors of poor functional outcome., Results: Eighty-three patients underwent endovascular treatment as first-line treatment. Most patients (80.7%) were symptomatic and a total of 25 patients (30.1%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage. Presence of deep venous drainage and midline location was associated with a lower incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. Middle meningeal artery (57.8%, 48/83) and pial artery (15.7%, 13/83) were the most frequently used access routes for embolization. A total of 74 (89.1%) TDAVFs were completely occluded after the last EVT session immediately. Complications occurred in 11 patients (13.3%). Six-month angiographic follow-up was performed in 68 patients (81.8%), and 91.2% (62/68) tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas were occluded. At clinical follow-up (100%, 83/83), good functional outcome (mRS 0-2) was documented in 74 (89.1%) patients. Logistic regression analysis identified baseline mRS 3-5 as the most significant independent predictor of poor functional outcome. Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics, angiographic and clinical results between patients treated with targeted pial artery embolization and non-targeted pial artery embolization., Conclusions: Endovascular treatment is a safe and effective primary modality for managing tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas, achieving high rates of complete angiographic occlusion and favorable functional outcomes. Transarterial embolization, predominantly via middle meningeal artery, was the mainstay of treatment. In patients with pial arterial feeders, omitting aggressive embolization did not compromise efficacy or increase complications., Abbreviations: DAVF = dural arteriovenous fistula; TDAVF = tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula; EVT = endovascular treatment; TAE = transarterial embolization; TVE = transvenous embolization; MMA = middle meningeal artery., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2025 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)