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The present study was aimed at revealing the metabolic changes that occurred in the cellular lipid pattern of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia cells following treatment with cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is a non-psychoactive compound present in Cannabis sativa L., which has shown an antiproliferative action in these type of cancer cells. CBD treatment reduced cell viability and initiated apoptotic and necrotic processes in both cancer cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner, showing acute myeloid leukaemia (HL-60) cells greater sensitivity than chronic myeloid leukaemia ones (K-562), without differences in the activation of caspases 3/7. Then, control and treated cells of HL-60 and K-562 cell lines were studied through an untargeted lipidomic approach. The treatment was carried out with CBD at a concentration of 10 μM for HL-60 cells and 23 µM CBD for K-562 cells for 48 h. After the extraction of the lipid content from cell lysates, the samples were analysed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS both in the positive and the negative ionization modes. The comprehensive characterization of cellular lipids unveiled several classes significantly affected by CBD treatment. Most of the differences correspond to phospholipids, including cardiolipins (CL), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphosphingolipids (SM), and also triacylglycerols (TG), being many TG species increased after CBD treatment in the acute and chronic models, whereas phospholipids were found to be decreased. The results highlight some important lipid alterations related to CBD treatment, plausibly connected with different metabolic mechanisms involved in the process of cell death by apoptosis in cancer cell lines., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Aphis gossypii is a worldwide agricultural pest that causes high levels of economic losses by feeding and transmitting virus diseases. It is usually controlled by chemical insecticides, but this could lead to the selection of resistant populations. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified associated with insecticide resistance. Monitoring activities to detect the presence of such mutations in field populations can have an important role in insect pest management but, currently, no information on Italian strains is available., Results: The presence of target site mutations conferring resistance to different insecticides was analysed in Italian field collected populations of A. gossypii with an allele specific approach (QSGG, Qualitative Sybr-Green Genotyping). Primers were designed to detect mutations in genes coding acetylcholinesterase (S431F), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (R81T) and voltage-gated sodium channel (M918L and L1014F). S431F was widespread but with high variability across populations. R81T was detected for the first time in Italy but only in two populations. The L1014F mutation (kdr) was not found, while in the samples showing the M918L two different nucleotidic substitutions were detected. Mutant allele frequencies were, respectively, 0.70 (S431), 0.31 (M918) and 0.02 (R81). Further analysis on the voltage-gated sodium channel gene showed the presence of eight haplotypes and one non-synonymous mutation in the gene coding region., Conclusion: Multiple target-site mutations were detected within Italian populations. The combinations of genotypes observed in certain locations could affect negatively the control of this pest. Preliminary insights on the genetic structure in the Italian populations of A. gossypii were acquired. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)