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© The Authors The agricultural sector faces multiple challenges linked to increased climate uncertainty, causing severe shocks including increased frequency of extreme weather events, new pest and disease risks, soil degradation, and pre and postharvest food losses. This situation is further exacerbated by geopolitical instability and volatility in energy prices impacting on fertiliser supplies and production costs. Net zero strategies are vital to achieve both food security and address negative environmental impacts. This perspective paper reviews and assesses the most viable options (actions) to achieve net zero with a focus on the arable/livestock and protected cropping sectors in the UK. The methodology was based on a synthesis of relevant literature, coupled with expert opinions using the holistic PESTLE (Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental) approach to categorise actions, leading to formulation of a roadmap to achieve net zero. The PESTLE analysis indicated that there are technically and economically viable actions available which need to be prioritised depending on the ease of their implementation within the two crop sectors investigated. These actions include (i) policy changes that are better aligned to net zero; (ii) circular economy approaches; (iii) connectivity and accessibility of information; (iv) increased resilience to shocks; (v) changing diets, nutrition and lifestyles; (vi) target setting and attainment; and (vii) farm economics and livelihoods. The outputs can be used by stakeholders and decision makers to inform policy and drive meaningful changes in global food and environmental security.

The impact of dust on the solar PV modules deserves more attention. North-eastern Nigeria has high potential of solar irradiance but it is proned to dust accumulation. This paper therefore, investigated the impact of dust on the performance of solar Photovoltaic modules in North-Eastern Nigeria. The investigation entailed field experiment carried out in Maiduguri to assess the performance of the module based on continuous dust deposition for 14 days during dust accumulation period. The results show that more than 50% loss in power output was recorded under 14 days of continuous deposition. The efficiency of the module reduced from 17.1% on the first day to 7.2% on the fourteenth day of the experimentation. The investigation also shows that at high humidity the PV performance drops. Solar irradiance increases the performance. The deployment of solar PV energy supply system is recommended in spite of dust accumulation challenges. To maintain adequate performance of the system, a once a week cleaning is recommended during intense dust accumulation period.