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Objective: We aimed to assess whether personality traits affect the relationship between malocclusion and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and whether they act as its mediators or moderators. Settings and sample population: The cross‐sectional study included 252 participants with permanent dentition (62% female) aged 12‐39 years. Materials and Methods: The Big Five Inventory, the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need were used. Moderation and mediation were tested by hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: Malocclusion was the most significant predictor of dental self‐confidence (DSC), aesthetic concern (AC), social impact (SI) and psychological impact (PI), accounting for 12%‐28% of respective variability (P <.05). Adult age, male sex and higher neuroticism and agreeableness were additional predictors of higher DSC (P <.05). Adolescent age was a predictor of higher AC, SI and PI, and female sex of higher AC and PI (P <.05). Mediation by personality traits was not proven, however, openness, agreeableness and neuroticism were moderators. A tendency of decrease in AC was associated with an increase in malocclusion complexity in adolescents lower in openness and decrease in SI in adolescents with lower agreeableness. There was also a tendency of higher increase of AC associated with an increase of malocclusion degree in adults higher in neuroticism. Conclusion: In adolescents, openness and agreeableness moderate the relationship between malocclusion and AC and SI, respectively. Neuroticism is a moderator of the association between malocclusion and AC in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyse the immunohistochemical profile of inflammatory infiltrates in the gingival tissue of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in relation to patients' titanium and/or nickel allergy status. Patients with gingival enlargement received initial periodontal therapy, followed by external gingivectomy in the case of persistent gingival enlargement. The sample included 44 patients (22 had metal allergic sensitisation). Histopathological changes were assessed, and an immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded gingival samples using antibodies against CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and CD138. Computer-assisted image analysis was performed to evaluate the positive cell count in the gingival tissue. The gingiva of the sensitised patients was characterised by the absence of multifocal inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.05), while pronounced exocytosis and band-like inflammatory infiltrates were more frequently observed in sensitised patients. In addition, there was an increase in Langerhans cells and T-helper lymphocytes and a decrease in naïve T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells in the sensitised subjects compared to non-sensitised. However, the differences were only statistically significant for macrophages, with a moderate effect size (82.8 vs. 133.9; p = 0.041; r = 0.308). The absence of multifocal inflammation appears to be the most characteristic histopathological feature of the gingiva of sensitised patients. Although their gingiva presented certain characteristics of late hypersensitivity immune reactions the observed changes imply dominant irritative effect e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate differences in quality of life in subjects with and without skeletal malocclusions and factors influencing patients' decision to accept orthognathic surgery. Materials and methods: Design: Cross‐sectional with stratified sampling. Settings and sample population: 190 Caucasian subjects (65% females), aged 17‐46 years. 95 subjects were consecutive patients referred to University Dental Clinic for skeletal malocclusion treatment of which 58 subjects accepted suggested surgery, 37 refused. The other 95 were age‐and sex‐matched controls, without malocclusions, recruited from the pool of students and employees of local high schools and university. Main outcome measures: Psychosocial and functional issues were evaluated by Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire. Complexity of malocclusion and treatment need was assessed by the Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need. Results: Discriminant analysis demonstrated that in quality of life, three groups differed mostly in facial aesthetic concern, followed by altered oral function, then by social interactions which were the highest in the group that accepted surgery. When controlling for age, sex, oral function impairment, awareness of facial deformity and inhibitions in social contacts in a multiple logistic regression analysis, only IOFTN and facial aesthetic concern were significant predictors of orthognathic surgery acceptance, increasing the odds for acceptance by 2.9x and 4.7x, respectively (P ≤.045). Conclusion: Facial aesthetic concern is very important factor in patients' decision‐making process for accepting orthognathic treatment for skeletal malocclusions, with greater importance than high normative need for functional orthognathic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]