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Objectives The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of charcoal toothpastes on the surface roughness and microhardness of resin composites.Methods A total of 132 disc-shaped specimens were produced using a plastic mould of 8mm internal diameter and 2 mm thickness. Sixty six samples each from composite resins Z250 Filtek Z250 XT bulk- fill Tetric-N - Ceram all in A3 shade were prepared. For the surface roughness and microhardness testing the samples were split into three subgroups of seven specimens each and thirty specimens in total. Colgate total charcoal deep clean Healthvit activated charcoal toothpaste and Colgate total charcoal toothpaste were used to brush these specimens. A Vickers microhardness tester was used to assess microhardness and a portable surface profile metre was used to assess surface roughness. The data were statistically assessed by applying the paired t test ANOVA and Shapiro Wilks test.Results At first the surface characteristics of each composite resin varied significantly. Comparison of Tetric-N-Ceram with Filtek Z250 XT revealed higher baseline values. Colgate total charcoal deep clean toothpaste demonstrated an increase in surface roughness while Healthvit activated charcoal toothpaste showed a larger decrease in microhardness.Conclusion Microhardness and surface roughness were significantly impacted by the dentifrices that were employed. Following the dentifrice exposure Tetric-N-Ceram had less microhardness and more surface roughness. When compared to Colgate total charcoal deep clean Healthvit activated charcoal toothpaste showed the greatest reduction in microhardness. Conversely as compared to Healthvit activated charcoal toothpaste Colgate charcoal displayed a higher amount of surface roughness.

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Objectives: There is a higher prevalence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in more recent times, owing to increased awareness, clinical diagnostic skills, and advancements in neuroimaging modalities. This study aimed to identify and characterize the geographical, clinical, and etiological profiles of patients with CVST that may be relevant to planning appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve functional recovery., Methods and Results: A retrospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital between March 2014 and October 2018. The demographics and clinical profile of the hospitalized patients were extracted from the Medical Record Division. Choropleth maps were created to present the geographic distribution of the patients with CVST admitted to our hospital. A total of 145 patients with CVST were included in the study. Etiological factors revealed striking abnormalities in red blood cells counts and serum homocysteine. Analyzing the geographical distribution of the patients with CVST showed most of the patients hailed from Central Karnataka Plateau 106 (73%). Polycythemia was most commonly seen in patients residing in the Central Karnataka Plateau 21 (62%)., Conclusion: It is inferred that large scale community-based studies to identify a genetic abnormality like a mutant erythropoietin gene should be undertaken to plan effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.)