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Objectives Methods Results Conclusion To describe the epidemiological status of oral cancer (OC) in India along with updates on risk factors, advances and gaps in preventive measures, treatment, costs of care and monitoring.Two national estimates of incidence and mortality were cited, one for 2016 by the Global Burden of Disease India Study and one based on projections for 2020 by GLOBOCAN. The National Cancer Registry Project provided local and regional incidence and trends using data from 2012–2016. Scientific literature, reports of the NCRP, the IARC and government press releases were also consulted.Tobacco and areca nut habits are the major risk factors for OC in India. In the 1980s, intervention studies on oral screening, awareness generation and habit cessation in rural areas reduced tobacco use and oral leukoplakia. Lately, adoption of the tobacco control law and mass media communications have resulted in decreased tobacco use. However, the increasing popularity of highly carcinogenic tobacco products containing areca nut, with evasion of their bans, is increasing OC incidence.Despite advances in care, there is growing incidence of OC, persisting poor awareness about the need to quit tobacco/areca nut/alcohol use and go for screening. Major efforts are needed to implement preventive activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the differential impact of six civil society organizations' (CSO) capacity-building factors on governance, using data from a survey of 366 Nepali non-governmental organizations. The factors include Organizational Commitment to Need-based Intervention, Institutionalized Learning Process, Creative Engagement of Staff in Decision-Making, Financial Management, Legal Enabling Environment, and Education of Leaders. Results from Multiple Regression in SPSS 16 show that all six capacity-building factors, both collectively and individually, significantly and positively influence CSO governance with large effect sizes. Notably, Organizational Commitment to Need-based Intervention, Institutionalized Learning Process, Creative Engagement of Staff in Decision-Making, and Financial Management explain 68% of the variance, while Legal Enabling Environment and Education of Leaders explain 19%. Financial management (38.3%) and creative engagement of staff in decision-making (26%) stand out as significant contributors, suggesting a need for targeted capacity-building efforts in these areas to enhance CSO governance. The study provides valuable insights for Confirmatory Factor Analysis and future longitudinal studies on the role of these factors in CSO governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces Multi-dimensional Disparity Index (MDI) to measure multi-form of disparity in different level of governments referencing Nepal. The measurement scale of MDI was developed by adopting Santos and Alkire's (2011) approaches. A wide range of thematic experts was consulted, employing the Semi-Delphi approach to determine its dimensions and indicators. The MDI in this study includes six dimensions and 34 indicators composited with dimension-wise indices like Economy Disparity Index [ECODI], Educational Disparity Index [EDUDI], Health Disparity Index [HDI], Geography and Climatic Vulnerability Index [GCVI], Living Standard Disparity Index [LSDI], and Demography Disparity Index [DDI]. Overall, the study revealed the extent of multi-dimensional disparity across three tiers of government in Nepal. More specifically, Nepal scored 0.388 MDI value. Karnali and Bagmati provinces are accounted as the highest and least deprived. This study contributes essential knowledge, particularly in exploring the dimensions and their indicators and develops an approach to measure multi-dimensional disparities. Most existing approaches for assessing disparities are mono-dimensional and measure the disparities in a single aspect. In this context, MDI provides a broader approach to consider multiple dimensions and measures multiple aspects in a country like Nepal, where disparity manifests at multiple levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different chemical extractants and ion exchange resins are used to assess the bioavailability of soil nutrients for crop plants. The major problems associated with the use of IER in soil testing are their reusability and the difficulties encountered in their separation from the soil being extracted. We addressed these difficulties by encapsulating a weakly acidic cation exchange resin and weakly basic anion exchange resin in separate dialysis membrane pouches and suspending them together in a cellulose extraction thimble during extraction. The suitability of this method has been evaluated for diverse types of soils widely varying in physicochemical properties. The standardization of protocol revealed that the ideal conditions for extraction of micronutrients were: 20:40 soil water ratio and 4 h extraction at 25°C in a shaker incubator at 120 rpm. This simple modified ion exchange resin method can be used multiple times for routine soil tests in laboratories for extraction of cationic micronutrients. The soil extracts can be analyzed for cationic micronutrients. The coefficients of determination (R2) between resin extractable- and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid extractable- nutrients were 0.31, 0.59, 0.67, and 0.88 for Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid surfaces with spatial wettability control are key for wider applicability in microfluidics, water harvesting, and inkjet printing. The patterned wettable surface is limited in its use on a broad scale due to the technological challenges of applying it to curved surfaces. In this study, we explore and demonstrate a desilanization technique to pattern hydrophilic spots on a superhydrophobic background. A simple chemical etching technique followed by functionalization with a low-surface-energy polymer yielded superhydrophobicity with contact angle of 178° ± 1° and sliding angle < 3° on Al5052. Further, surface processing by fluorine-free desilanization for 5 min yielded hydrophilicity with contact angle of ~ 20° ± 1°. To ensure the suitability of this technique in microfluidics, a microchannel surface with 300 µm channel width has been fabricated. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates the efficiency of simple wettability patterning on curved surfaces like Al cups and hollow pipes. Thus, a simple, cost-effective and time efficient methodology to fabricate wetting patterns on curved surfaces is proposed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saline wastewater pollution is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. The present study focused on the development of a dual-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) treating saline wastewater at the anode. Halophilic exo-electrogenic bacteria enriched from seawater (Arabian Sea, Mumbai, India) were used in the anodic chamber of the MFC. Denitrification using denitrifying bacteria was employed in the cathodic chamber. The maximum power density was significantly increased from 96.77 mW/m2 to 162.09 mW/m2 with a rise in NaCl concentration from 20 to 40 g/L. Nitrate removal in the cathode chamber increased from 80 ± 3% to 89 ± 3.2% with increase in salt concentration from 20 g/L to 40 g/L and concomitantly COD removal in the anode chamber increased from 76 ± 3.8% to 83 ± 4%. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis revealed higher electrochemical activity at 40 g/L salt concentration. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis exhibited that charge transfer and solution resistances were lower when the salinity was increased. Microbial community analysis revealed the presence of Clostridium, Shewanella, and Bacillus as the most abundant genera in the anodic chamber. This study demonstrated the dual applicability of the system targeted for removal of organics from saline wastewater and nitrate removal from contaminated wastewater accompanied by power generation from the MFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-Anemia in pregnancy is one of the gravest world health crises affecting one fourth of the world population, mainly children and women of the reproductive age. The onset of anemia is attributed to two major classifications being 'Nutritional'-meaning deficiency of minerals and vitamins, and 'Nonnutritional' corresponding to infection and hemoglobinopathies. The only micronutrient mandatorily required supplementing to fill the gap between the dietary intake and the demand is iron. Micronutrient's iron, folate, and vitamins are very vital for the proper growth of the fetus during pregnancy. The diverse consequences of nutritional anemia are recurrent abortion, recurrent fetal loss, congenital abnormalities, preterm labour, reduced birth weight and neonatal and maternal mortalities. Methodology. It's an empirical, longitudinal, prospective, and comparative study using a structured questionnaire on the target group of the urban population in the city of Ajmer city. Results and Conclusion. Assessing BMI, there were 51.61% of anemic rich pregnant women who were considered malnourished as they belonged to the group with BMI < 18.4 kg/m2 whereas among the poor anemic pregnant women it was 75.87% women under this BMI. Evaluating the poor non-anemic pregnant women, nearly 16.98% of women belonged to BMI < 18.4 kg/m2 category and 8.95% of the rich non-anemic women who had their BMI < 18.4 kg/m2. Among the rich non-anemic pregnant women, there were 37.74% who came under the category of overweight having BMI >23kg/m2 and only 3.77% of poor non-anemic women grouped under over weight. The mean+SD of Hb at third trimester of the rich and poor pregnant women was 10.4+1.02 and 9.0+0.02 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With more and more research happening in the various dimensions of all the sanitary napkin components, various sanitary napkins are available in the market with enhanced functionalities. The increasing consumer awareness on eco-friendliness and the demanding expectations on disposable products to maintain a healthy environment have been the driving forces to initiate the research on improving the eco-friendliness of disposable hygienic product and producing low-cost sanitary napkins. The reasons for non-penetration of sanitary napkins in all strata of Indian markets are mainly due to financial non-affordability, lack of awareness about health, and hygiene etc. The efforts by the Government in the form of creating awareness and offering subsidiaries and supplying raw materials at low cost, low cost sanitary napkins are now available in the market. All these efforts will together guarantee the low cost of the sanitary napkin but still the quality is not ensured, the main reason for this is the higher cost of the testing apparatus. This project focuses on fabricating an economic and indigenous instrument for the accurate evaluation of selected performance properties of sanitary napkin. Varieties of sanitary napkins have been tested in this fabricated performance tester (SANPER tester) and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic weft knitted single jersey fabrics are produced by plating of elastane (elastomeric polyurethane) yarn with lyocell yarn in a circular knitting machine with positive feeder. This type of fabrics and their cloths have great response in the market as they have the tendency to re-gain their original size and shape due to physical extension by any part of human body. This research analyzed the effect of elastane plating on the physical and thermal comfort properties such as GSM, thickness, stitch density, air permeability, water vapor transmission rate, thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity of lyocell single jersey knitted fabrics by varying the loop length. The work revealed that the physical properties like stitch density, thickness and GSM increased with increase in elastane content and decrease in increasing of loop length. The air permeability, water vapor transmission rate and thermal resistivity of the fabrics decreased with increasing of elastane plating and increased with increasing of loop length. The thermal conductivity values of the fabrics are not much significant at 95% significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dhivya, Padma, and Santhini ([2]) states that wound dressing is designed to be in contact with the wound, which is different from a bandage that holds the dressing in place. Keywords: Chitosan; hemostatic efficacy; plain gauze; secondary layer; spunlace; wound dressing; ; ; ; ; ; EN Chitosan hemostatic efficacy plain gauze secondary layer spunlace wound dressing ZH 8044 8050 7 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction The selection of fibers and textile structures are very essential for the selection hemostatic wound dressing material (Kubera Sampath Kumar et al. [4]; [6]; [5]). 2020a. Study of wound dressing material coated with natural extracts of Calotropis Gigantean, Eucalyptus Globulus and buds of Syzygium Aromaticum solution enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D TM 60). 2017a. Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy and wound healing activity of natural fibre based wound dressing coated with natural extracts of calotropis gigantean, eucalyptus globules and buds of syzygiumaromaticum enhanced with epidermal growth factor. [Extracted from the article]

We report a patient with racemose neurocysticercosis, highlighting the diagnostic and management issues. A 37-year-old male had headaches, fever, and seizures for 8 months. He had a positive tuberculin test, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and hydrocephalus and exudates on MRI. His symptoms rapidly resolved following antitubercular and prednisolone treatment. After 2 months, he was readmitted with headache and vomiting, and his brain MRI revealed communicating hydrocephalus with a cyst in the lateral ventricle and subarachnoid space, which was confirmed as neurocysticercosis on the third ventriculostomy. The patient was managed with dexamethasone and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This case highlights that meningitis symptoms, CSF pleocytosis, and positive tuberculin tests may not always suggest tubercular etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is concerned with the characterization of pulp extracted from agro-waste fibers using steam explosion technique. Steam explosion is a very efficient and non-reactive technique to extract soft and absorbent cellulose pulp from agro waste fibers like banana, bagasse, and sisal. Preforms prepared from the extracted pulp, with the aid of binders, using the water laid method, enhanced their suitability to be used for sanitary napkins, due to improved fiber integrity and absorbency. The preforms developed from these extracted pulp were used as the absorbent core of the sanitary napkins to replace the widely used synthetic viscose wood pulp, which thereby improved the eco-friendliness of the sanitary napkins. The preforms were made from these pulps in combination with various binders namely cassava, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and sodium alginate in various concentrations namely 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%. The various preform samples were tested for physical and absorbency-related performance characteristics like grams per square meter, thickness, density of the pulp, absorbency and immersion time, vertical wicking, strike through rate and swelling measurements. It was found that the preforms made with cassava as the binder, recorded higher absorbency properties when compared to other preforms, which were made using CMC and sodium alginate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hot-rolled Mg-3Al-0.5Ce alloy possesses anisotropic elastic–plastic fracture toughness (J IC) behavior. • Anisotropic J IC could be attributed to long-aligned Al 11 Ce 3 precipitates within elongated grain boundaries along RD. • Profuse 10 1 ¯ 2 〈 10 1 ¯ 1 〉 extension twins (ET) with lamellae almost ⊥ to RD forms irrespective of the notch, a n ‖ to RD or TD. • The ET lamellae ⊥ and ‖ to crack path lead to trans and inter lamellar crack for a n ‖ to RD and TD , respectively. • Trans-lamellar crack causes larger plasticity in a n ‖ R D and have higher J IC than in a n ‖ T D with inter-lamellar crack. Anisotropic fracture toughness (FT) in a hot-rolled Mg-3Al-0.5Ce magnesium alloy has been investigated using fatigue pre-cracked compact tension (CT) specimens with the notch (a n) ‖ to the rolling direction (R D) and transverse direction (T D). During testing, notable non-linear load–displacement behavior before peak load indicated significant crack tip plasticity. Thus, elastic–plastic FT (J IC) was evaluated and found to be 20.7 N / m m and 15.8 N / m m for a n ‖ to R D and T D , respectively. Long-aligned Al 11 Ce 3 precipitates were present in this alloy within the elongated grain boundaries along RD. During FT testing, profuse 10 1 ¯ 2 〈 10 1 ¯ 1 〉 extension twins (ET) with c-axis almost ‖ and lamellae morphology almost ⊥ to RD formed between these elongated precipitates, irrespective of the notch, a n ‖ to RD or TD. The ET lamellae ⊥ and ∥ to crack path lead to trans and inter lamellar crack for a n ‖ to RD and TD, respectively. Translamellar crack in a n ‖ to R D leads to comparatively high strain hardening, dislocation density, geometrically necessary boundaries, and grain refinement, indicating larger plastic energy dissipation and thereby has higher J IC than in a n ‖ to TD with interlamellar crack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early marriage is one of the major traditional practices that affects the life of both boys and girls in many different ways. In this context, this research assessed the prevalence of early marriage and derived its underlying causes. Adopting a mixed methods approach, first, the study surveyed a sample of 1350 households of Nepal in which at least a marriage took place within the five years before the survey. Following a survey, secondly, the study explored 30 unique cases of early marriage, and ten among them were studied in more depth through face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors that could influence the prevalence of early marriage. It was then followed by an analysis of the qualitative data. The research findings demonstrate that there is a high prevalence of early marriage (49.6%) among households within Nepal; nevertheless, the overall trend of early marriage is noted at a decreasing trend over the years. Undoubtedly, factors such as the level of education of the family members, the gender of the head of the household, and religion, influence the predisposition to early marriage within Nepal. Early marriage is undeniably a subjective phenomenon; however, such subjectivity is shaped by the socio-economic situation, as well as individual and family values. Thus, among others, the study implied that improving the strategies that promote higher formal schooling could reduce the prevalence of early marriage and thereby result in associated beneficial welfare effects in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), presenting a significant impact on longevity, patient quality of life, and health care costs. In the United States, attainment of recommended glycemic targets is low and T2D-related cardiovascular complications remain a significant burden. Many glucose-lowering treatment options are available, but glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are recommended in recent guidelines as the preferred add-on therapy to metformin to improve glycemic control. This is particularly the case for patients with T2D and established atherosclerotic CVD, at high risk of atherosclerotic CVD, and/or with chronic kidney disease. Recommendations were based on GLP-1RA and SGLT-2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs), which consistently showed that these agents pose no additional cardiovascular risk compared with placebo. Three GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, dulaglutide, and subcutaneous semaglutide) demonstrated significantly lower major adverse cardiovascular events versus placebo and are now approved for this indication. However, to realize improvement in outcomes in the clinical setting, organized, systematic, and coordinated approaches to patient management are also needed. For example, nurse-led diabetes self-management education and support programs have been shown to be effective. This article explores T2D management with emphasis on cardiovascular risk and CVOTs performed to date and reviews the clinical experience with GLP-1RAs for managing hyperglycemia and their impact on cardiovascular risk. In addition, practical guidance is given for key health care providers involved in the care of patients with T2D with cardiovascular risk outside of diabetes clinics/endocrinology centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) has a different immune surveillance system; therefore, fever at admission and timeline of fever response after antitubercular treatment (ATT) may follow a different course in CNS infection. We report the predictors of fever response in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) including the effect of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its gene expression at mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods: Fifty‐seven patients with TBM were prospectively evaluated. Their clinical findings and severity of meningitis were recorded. The expression of TNF‐α gene in PBMCs was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and TNF‐α concentration in CSF by cytokine bead array both in the patients and 14 matched controls. Results: All the patients had history of fever for a median duration of 75 days. The admission temperature ranged between 37.2°C and 40°C and correlated with CSF cell counts (p < 0.05). Cranial MRI was abnormal in 54 (94.7%) and revealed exudates in 33(57.9%), hydrocephalus in 27(47.4%), infarction in 27(47.4%) and tuberculoma in 33(57.9%) patients. Fever subsided after a median duration of 18 (2 60) days of treatment. Twelve (21.8%) patients only became afebrile within 10 days. The expression of TNF‐α gene correlated with CSF concentration of TNF‐α (p = 0.02) and independently predicted duration of defervescence [adjusted hazard ratio 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.04; p = 0.01). Conclusion: In the patients with TBM, defervescence takes longer time, and TNF‐α gene expression predicts the duration of defervescence. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of TNF‐α‐modifying drugs in TBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbes have been confirmed to play key role in biogeochemistry of antimony. However, the impact of indigenous bacteria (from active mines) on the behavior of dissolved antimony remained poorly understood. In current study, the hyper antimony-resistant strain, Achromobacter sp. 25-M, isolated from the world largest antimony deposit, Xikuangshan antimony deposit, was evaluated for its role in dissolved Sb(V) and Sb(III) precipitation and removal. Despite of the high resistance to Sb(III) (up to 50 mM), the facultative alkaliphile, 25-M was not capable of Sb(III) oxidation. Meanwhile 25-M can produce high amount of exopolymeric substance (EPS) with the presence of Sb, which prompted us to investigate the potential role of EPS in the precipitation and removal of Sb. To this end, 2 mM of Sb(III) and Sb(V) were added into the experimental systems with and without 25-M to discern the interaction mechanism between microbe and antimony. After 96 hrs' incubation, 88% [1.73 mM (210 mg/L)] of dissolved Sb(V) and 80% [1.57 mM (190 mg/L)] of dissolved Sb(III) were removed. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of valentinite (Sb 2 O 3) in Sb(III) amended system and a solitary Sb(V) mineral mopungite [NaSb(OH) 6 ] in Sb(V) amended group with microbes. Conversely, no precipitate was detected in abiotic systems. Morphologically valentinite was bowtie and mopungite was pseudo-cubic as indicated by scanning electronic microscopy. EPS was subjected to fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. FT-IR analysis suggested that –OH and –COO groups were responsible for the complexation and ligand exchange with Sb(III) and Sb(V), respectively. Additionally, the C–H group and N–H group could be involved in π-π interaction and chelation with Sb species. All these interactions between Sb and functional groups in EPS may subsequently favore the formation of valentinite and mopungite. Collectively, current results suggested that EPS play fundamental role in bioprecipitation of Sb, which offered a new strategy in Sb bioremediation. [Display omitted] • Achromobacter sp. 25-M isolated from Sb rock of XKS mine showed strong resistance of antimony up to 50 mM. • 25-M can remove 80% of Sb(III) and 88% of Sb(V) via bioprecipitation as valentinite and mopungite, respectively. • EPS produced by 25-M may play the fundamental role in bioprecipitation of antimony. • -OH, –COO, C–H, N–H groups of EPS may facilitate complexation, ligand exchange, π-π interaction and chelation with Sb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the part of work, the leave extracts of aloe vera, piper betel, and neem leaf were prepared and coated on bamboo fiber-based material for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (REGEN-D™ 150). The FTIR confirms the presence of alcoholic and phenolic group which were responsible for antibacterial activity. The SEM morphology of the developed dressing material was porous nature and more suitable for the process of curing wound. In antimicrobial tests, the zone of incubation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ranges from 18 to 22 mm. In vivo study using albino rats induced with diabetes reveals that the wound healing rate is increased in the range of 25–54% compared to a negative control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the leave extracts of Calotropis gigantean, Eucalyptus globulus and buds of Syzygium aromaticum were prepared and coated on natural fibers based bamboo gauze fabric for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60). The morphology of developed samples was studied using SEM to know its pores sizes. Various mechanical properties have been studied. The antibacterial activity was studied using Gram positive and negative types of bacteria. The wound healing efficacy of the coated fabric samples were studied through in vivo method. The type of wound selected for the study was second degree wound. The dorsal surface of the rat's skin was removed and second degree wound was created. Then the developed fabric samples were dressed over the wound surface and the wound healing was studied by wound closure rate in equal interval of days. A specified composition of natural extracts coated on bamboo gauze fabric enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60) exhibits good antibacterial property was confirmed from the formation of zone of inhibition in antibacterial test against Escherichia coli and a Staphylococcus aureus and appropriate wound closure rate on second degree wound through in vivo evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the leave extracts of Aloe vera, piper betel and neem leaf were prepared and coated on bamboo fiber based material for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 150). The FTIR confirms the presence of alcoholic and phenolic group which were responsible for antibacterial activity. The SEM morphology of the developed dressing material was porous nature and more suitable for the process of curing wound. In antimicrobial tests, the zone of incubation of E. coli and S. aureus ranges from 18 mm and 22. In vivo study using albino rats induced with diabetes reveals that the wound healing rate is increased in the range of 25% to 54% compared to a negative-control group. Overall, the natural extracts coated dressing material has considerable potential and well suited for clinical application that was evidenced through antimicrobial and in vivo study results. Therefore, natural extracts coated on bamboo-based dressing materials are claimed to have helpful nature for wound healing and the current study will be one of the platforms for natural extracts coated material-based medical textile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the influence of modified yarn path on ring spinning like straight path, left diagonal path, and right diagonal path on the physical properties of the cotton fabrics like tensile strength, tear strength, and drape performance. The results show that the fabrics made with the left diagonal yarn path gives a better overall performance of the physical properties of the cotton fabrics followed by straight path and right diagonal yarn path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jute and hollow conjugated polyester fiber (HCP)-reinforced nonwoven composites were designed by Box and Behnken model approach. Its thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal transmittance, and thermal diffusivity were evaluated. From the test results of response surface method (RSM), the weight of composite material maintained as 3280 g/m2 with the proportion of jute/HCP fiber in the ratio of 50/50%, 60/40%, and 70/30% played a significant role in insulation and mechanical properties. Various needling density maintained on the composite material such as 300, 150, and 75 punches/cm2 contributes to the role of significant impacts on the research process. The optimum of 150 needling density with the proportion of 50/50 Jute and HCP fiber was selected to produce four kinds of composite structures. Its thermal, sound, electrical insulation values and limiting oxygen values were analyzed and suggested for building environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After reviewing the past work into the characterization of weave structures and their relationships with various properties of fabrics, an account is given of the present knowledge of them on comfort properties which represents one of the major areas that have been neglected in garments. The shortcomings of this knowledge are shown to be that, although many studies have been conducted on comfort, there have been no systematic studies of weave structures and their impact on comfort. Thermal comfort properties of fabrics are affected by a gamut of fiber, yarn, and fabric properties. In this study, the characterization in the comfort properties, namely thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, has been studied as a function of weave structures and other geometrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the effect of modified yarn path in ring spinning such as straight path, left diagonal path and right diagonal path on moisture management properties of the cotton fabric like wetting time, absorption time, spreading area, spreading speed, accumulative one way transport index and overall moisture management capability. The results show that the fabric made with right diagonal yarn path exhibits better overall performance of the moisture management properties of the cotton fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bumper is an automotive part act as a protective shield in the vehicle. It bears and absorbs the load when the vehicle incurs a collision. If the bumper has got more weight it leads to more fuel consumption and decreases the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. This problem can be overcome by reducing the weight of the bumper without compromising its performance. The main objective in bumper design and fabrication is that it should possess less weight and at the same time, it should withstand the higher load during a collision. In this paper, the properties and performance of the developed bumper composite are compared with the existing bumper. The bumper performance is optimized using a finite element analysis with ANSYS R15.0. From the cost analysis, it has been observed that the weight and cost of the Basalt composite bumper is 49% and 56% lesser than the steel bumper. The Impact strength and Factor of Safety values of the Basalt fabric composite bumper is 47.6% and 32.5% higher than the steel bumper. The total deformation of the Steel bumper is 15.7 mm, and the Basalt composite bumper is 32 mm, which shows 51% higher deformation than steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yarn selection is an essential step in the manufacturing of brocade. The objective of the research paper is the selection of the best yarn for manufacturing handloom Varanasi brocade. In this research paper, the nine natural fibers (Cotton, Kapok, Hemp, Jute, Palm, Pineapple, Bamboo, Sisal, and Flax) and their properties (Cost, Availability, Comfort, Durability, Texture, color, luster, Ease of use and social values) are considered. This study was conducted in two stages. In first stage, a draft questionnaire was created by considering previous research papers and informal consultation with Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) professionals. It was then tested with seven respondents. In the second stage, the questionnaire was circulated to the 135 consumers. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach was utilized to determine the suitable material through a customer survey to select the best yarn for the furnishing and upholstery industry in Varanasi. The results of the study showed that the customers have given more weight to the availability, comfort and color criteria of handloom products, whereas the weight of the cost was less compared to all other criteria. From the overall weight matrix, the pine apple yarn was ranked as the best yarn for the manufacturing of the Banaras brocade, whereas flax was ranked last. The study was only focused on the selection of natural yarns for Varanasi brocade, and the data were collected only from the handloom customers who prefer offline shopping. It does not consider online customers. Therefore, future research should include the other types of yarns and online customers for the research study. The input of the customers will be helpful for the Varanasi handloom product manufacturers to understand customers' requirements, and it will help to improve sales performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the effect of air plasma treatment on moisture management properties of cotton and polyester fibers blended in 0:100, 50:50, 100:0 ratios in four different structures: single jersey, cross-tuck, cross-miss and twill at two different loop lengths 0.29 cm and 0.32 cm is analyzed. It is clearly shown that the knit fabric made of 100% polyester has providing good moisture management properties. The moisture management properties mainly depend on the loop length and fabric structure of the fabric. The fabric made with 100% polyester of cross-miss knit fabric with a loop length of 0.32 cm has good moisture management property. The plasma treatment also has a significant impact on improving the moisture management properties of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CaO 2 -metallic NP was applied for pretreatment and H 2 production from RS. • MnO 2 -CaO 2 NP addition was beneficial for biomass pretreatment and H 2 production. • MnO 2 -CaO 2 NP addition attained 16% lignin removal than hydrothermal treated RS. • MnO 2 -CaO 2 NP supplementation modulating the acetate and butyrate mediated pathway. In this study, calcium peroxide was modified and doped with metal-based nanoparticles (NP) to enhance the efficiency of pretreatment and biohydrogen generation from RS. The findings revealed that the addition of MnO 2 -CaO 2 NPs (at a dosage of 0.02 g/g TS of RS) had a synergistic effect on the breakdown of biomass and the production of biohydrogen. This enhancement resulted in a maximum hydrogen yield (HY) of 58 mL/g TS, accompanied by increased concentrations of acetic acid (2117 mg/L) and butyric acid (1325 mg/L). In contrast, RS that underwent pretreatment without the use of chemicals or NP exhibited a lower HY of 28 mL/g TS, along with the lowest concentrations of acetic acid (1062 mg/L) and butyric acid (697 mg/L). The outcome showed that supplementation of NP stimulated the pretreatment of RS and improved the formation of acetic and butyric acid through the regulation of metabolic pathways during acidogenic fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, nonlinear aerothermoelastic characteristics of a deployable control fin subjected to high supersonic and hypersonic flow are investigated. The delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES)-based computational fluid dynamics solver is strongly coupled to the finite element method-based structural dynamics and thermoelastic solver to perform coupled fluid-thermal-structural interaction analysis. A shear stress transport (SST) k − ω based DDES model is used for turbulence modeling, whereas the advection upstream splitting method scheme is used for flux calculation, and for dynamic meshing, a diffusion-based smoothing method is used. To solve the governing nonlinear structural dynamics equations of motion in the time domain, the Hilber–Hughes–Taylor (HHT)-α method is used with the Newton–Raphson linearization technique. Profile preserving and conservative mapping-based interfacing modules are used to couple the different solvers. For the validation of the methodology, two experimental test cases are considered, and the computations are in very good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the effects of Mach number, angle of attack, and joint freeplay on the fin's structural and aerodynamic characteristics are investigated and presented. The results show a complex flow behavior over the fin including several separation and attachment zones because of the deployable joint arrangement. It is also observed that the temperature due to the severe aerodynamic heating effect is very high at the leading edge and increasing thickness zones at the joint. With increasing joint freeplay, the amplitude of the deformation response increases, indicating increased dynamic instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient biohybrid system developed for oxygenation of n-alkanes. • Synergistic combination of MoS 2 -CNT-Eosin-Y with yeast Candida tropicalis shows higher efficiency. • The biohybrid system enables the efficient regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors. • MoS 2 -CNT-Eosin-Y activates the P450 catalytic cycle resulting higher α, ω dicarboxylic acids yield. To date, oxyfunctionalization of saturated hydrocarbons in a selective fashion is a prime challenge in industry. Currently, Inorganic-biohybrid catalysts have shown tremendous potential for sustainable conversion of fine chemicals by integrating light harvesting potential of inorganic materials with metabolic activity of microbes. Herein, we have developed a biohybrid system combining a highly efficient light-harvesting inorganic material MoS 2 -CNT-Eosin-Y and yeast Candida tropicalis (C.tropicalis) for efficient preparation of α, ω- dicarboxylic acid (α, ω-DCA) using saturated n-alkanes. The yeast C.tropicalis harvests photo generated electrons from the illuminated MoS 2 -CNT-Eosin-Y and uses them for the activation of the P450 catalytic cycle. This process enables the efficient regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors (NADH/NAD+) facilitating production of α, ω-DCA. Under irradiation condition the biohybrid catalyst shows 4.01 times higher dodecanedioic acid production compared to that of native yeast strain. Analysis of NADH/NAD+ ratio and alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) activity clearly indicates that light illumination on MoS 2 -CNT-Eosin-Y/ C.tropicalis promotes regeneration of cofactor during cellular metabolism of C. tropicalis thereby improving the activity of ADH enzyme resulting higher production of α, ω-DCA. The present work opens up a new avenue for the sustainable synthesis of fine chemicals through tailoring of complex biohybrid pathways. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Lactobacillus lactis has been employed for biohydrogen production. • NiO/Fe 2 O 3 addition stimulates hydrogen production over 18% than control. • NiO/Fe 2 O 3 supplementation redirects butyrate mediated hydrogen metabolism. • Dehydrogenase activity enhances after nano-materials supplementation. • NAD+/NADH and FAD+/FADH 2 pool increases by 19% and 17%. The positive interaction between Clostridium sp. and lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacillus sp) is commonly seen in various high-rate hydrogen production systems. However, the exact role of the hydrogen production ability of Lactobacillus sp in a dark fermentation production system is rarely studied. Lactobacillus delbrueckii was herein used for the first time, to the best of the author's knowledge, to demonstrate biohydrogen production under anaerobic conditions. At first, the pH condition was optimized, followed by the addition of nanoparticles for enhanced biohydrogen production. Under optimized conditions of pH 6.5, substrate concentration 10 g/L, and 100 mg/L of NiO/Fe 2 O 3 , the maximum hydrogen yield (HY) of 1.94 mol/mol hexose was obtained, which is 18 % more than the control. The enhanced H 2 production upon the addition of nanoparticles is supported via the external electron transfer (EET) mechanism, which regulates the metabolic pathway regulation with increased production of acetate and butyrate and reduced formation of lactate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aims to reduce the size of radiators in fuel cell electric vehicles. • Uses phase change materials to compensate for the reduced radiator area. • A generic methodology is proposed for sizing the new thermal management system. • Minimum radiator area requirements for commercial fuel cell vehicles are evaluated. The escalating transport demand over the past decade has intensified the need to replace internal combustion (IC) engines with better alternatives like fuel cells that can simultaneously provide superior performance and diminished emissions. The radiators that are used in fuel cell-based electric vehicles are at least twice the size of IC engine radiators. This leads to vehicle overloading and an increase in fuel consumption. The undertaken study proposes a reduction in radiator size by storing thermal energy in phase change materials. This paper presents a generalized sizing method for the recommended thermal management system, using a simple mathematical approach based on Pinch Analysis. The optimization studies show the possibility to bring down the minimum radiator area requirement in a fuel cell vehicle like the 2022 Toyota Mirai by 5.5 times by using around 13 kg of Paraffin Wax along with it. The proposed methodology is realized by analyzing a few representative parameters like ambient temperature, drag area and curb weight of the vehicle, maximum allowable temperature rise in fuel cells, etc. In addition, the study also estimates the minimum required radiator areas for a few commercial fuel cell vehicles in the Indian environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, fluid–thermal–structural interaction analyses of a thin pre-heated and pre-buckled stiffened panel subjected to high-speed flow from Mach 3 to Mach 6 are performed and its aerothermoelastic characteristics are investigated. A finite element method-based nonlinear transient thermoelastic solver is strongly coupled with a finite volume method-based Navier–Stokes fluid flow solver for the calculation of aerodynamic loadings. A recent experimental test case is considered for validation, and further detailed analyses are performed for various total pressure, total temperature and Reynolds number conditions. Also, the effect of Mach number on the aerodynamic, structural and flow field characteristics is investigated using aerothermoelastic analyses and reported. Obtained simulation results show good agreement with the experimental results of the literature. It is observed that the stiffened panel continues to deform in the pre-buckled mode with a significant increase in deformation, stresses and total energy beyond Mach 3 because of severe aerodynamic heating. It is also observed that the effect of the cross rib to improve the aerothermoelastic performance is significantly reduced with increasing Mach number. The present results provide insights into the aerothermoelastic characteristics of thin panels and have implications for the design of aircraft for high supersonic and hypersonic flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is considered one of the most lethal diseases responsible for causing deaths worldwide. Although there have been many breakthroughs in anticancer development, cancer remains the major cause of death globally. In this regard, targeting cancer-causing enzymes is one of the efficient therapeutic strategies. Biological functions like cell cycle, transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, and other depend primarily on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). These enzymes help in the replication of DNA in the normal cell cycle process, and deregulation in the functioning of any CDK can cause abnormal cell growth, which leads to cancer. This review is focused on anticancer drug discovery against cell cycle CDK enzyme using an in silico technique, i.e., molecular docking studies. Molecular docking helps in deciphering the key interactions formed within the inhibitor and the respective enzyme. This concise study provides an overview of the most current in silico research advancements made in the field of anticancer drug discovery. The findings presented in the current review article can help in understanding the nature of inhibitor-target interactions and provide information on the structural and molecular prerequisites for the inhibition of cell cycle CDKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are exceptionally noxious and extensively distributed in the atmosphere. We have used caffeic acid decorated silver nanoparticles (CA–AgNPs) for the colorimetric detection of the Hg(II) ions in the aqueous systems. In this method, a paper strip was simply used as a dipstick type device for the fast and selective detection of the aqueous Hg(II) ions. The paper strip displays a color change within 50 seconds with superior selectivity after being dipped into the solution containing a concentration of Hg(II) ions in the range of 20–0.0001 ppm. The developed method allows us to detect Hg(II) through naked eyes with a LOD of 0.0001 ppm. The interaction between prepared CA–AgNPs and Hg(II) was also studied using reactive kinetics, thermodynamic parameters and density functional theory (DFT). The proposed method can be a cost-effective tool for field-level applications for on-site real-time detection of mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to develop knitted denim fabrics by using cotton and eri silk yarns. Three combinations of 3/1 twill knitted denim fabrics were developed. Two materials cotton yarn 30s and eri silk yarn 2/80s Nm with three types (100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% eri silk, 100% eri silk) of knitted denim fabrics were produced. Moisture management properties were tested for the developed samples.100% eri silk knitted denim fabric was found with the excellent accumulative one way transport index % and a very good overall moisture management capability better than that of 100% cotton and 50% cotton/50%eri silk knitted denim fabrics. The results indicated that the eri silk knitted denim fabric is more suitable for active wear and functional wear applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The handicraft sector plays a significant role in providing employment opportunities in rural and semi-urban areas of the country. It helps in generating substantial income for the artisans. The uses for palm leaves are abundant. Attractive items made of Palm Leaves are very popular in South India, mostly in Southern Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. However, to generate sustainable revenue through their products, the artisans need to understand the buyer's requirements. This study aims to understand the consumer's purchasing behavior when buying palm leaf products. The sample consists of 233 consumers with diverse backgrounds from the state of Tamil Nadu, India. A questionnaire was developed to measure awareness and attitude influence while purchasing palm leaf products. The results can help the artisans to get an insight into end-user expectations and requirements toward palm leaf products and suggest strategies to increase the income of artisans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant cellulosic, calotropis giganteafiber properties, and natural oils were discovered in this study. This study consists of various experimental values of the calotropisgiganteafiber and the results such as chemical composition, Assessment of Hollowness Free Space, X-ray Diffraction Analysis, FTIR, SEM, Density Gradient Column (DGC), free space availability calculation, and oil-holding capacity were discussed in this study. The results were found to depend on density of the oil and web, and the method has appeared to be promising. It is revealed that calotropis giganteafiber has large free spaces, which are used for holding oils. The equations established would support the correlation in such as oil-holding capacity. The web of calotropis giganteafiber has a high degree of oil absorption for all the three types of oils such as the coconut oil, castor oil, and ground nut oil. It can be seen that the mass of the oil absorbed for coconut oil is about 9 g when expressed as percentage over the actual mass of the web, it goes to about 1800%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibers are gaining popularity among researchers and academics for use in polymer composites due to their environmental friendliness and long-term viability.A new series of green composites using chicken feather fiber (CFF) and jute as reinforcing materials in a polypropylene resin-based polymer matrixwere used to fabricate the hybrid composites. This paper examines the impact of molding pressure, temperature, and time on the tensile strength and water absorption characteristics of compression molded hybrid composites. The findings of experiments undertaken to evaluate hybrid composites produced with different fiber fractions and processing parameters are discussed in this paper.When the composites' overall tensile strength was compared, the 100% Jute fiber composite had the highest tensile strength when the maximum pressure, temperature, and time were kept constant. Temperature and pressure have a considerable impact on composite sample tensile strength, whereas time has little influence.As predicted, raising the jute weight percentage in composites increases water absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-six samples of woven fabric were finished with Musa acuminata SAP in three different concentrations, viz., 50%, 75%, and 100% were applied on cotton fabrics using padding mangle at four different temperatures, viz., room temperature, 50°C, 75°C, and 100°C and also with three different process timings, viz., 20 min, 40 min, and 60 min, respectively. The finished fabrics have been analyzed on the whiteness and yellow index properties. It has been observed that the fabric finished with a 50% concentration of Musa acuminata SAP with 50°C for a prolonged time of processing shows a lesser yellow index and higher whiteness index value followed by the 100% and 75% concentration of SAP. The finished optimized fabric samples have been evaluated on the physical properties of fabric such as tensile strength, tear strength, pilling, drape coefficient, and stiffness of the fabric. It has been found that the fabric finished with a 50% concentration of Musa acuminata SAP with the lowest temperature at least processing time has better performance in the physical properties of the fabric when compared to the highest concentration of Musa acuminata SAP with the highest temperature at highest process timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the methanol extract of Musa acuminate leaves has a significant development on the quality of the protection features such as, antibacterial and ultraviolet protection, was observed. The fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap (7%) at the temperature rate of 40–50°C has higher zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria and improved ultraviolet protection factor than the controlled sample. The fabric finished with the lower concentration of M. acuminata sap (3% & 5%) has lesser zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria. The fabric finished with a 7% concentration of M. acuminata leaves methanol extract at 40–50°C shows high protection factor against antibacterial and ultraviolet protection. Hence, it is observed that the fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap exhibits a higher zone of inhibition against bacteria's and ultraviolet protection factors when compared to the lower concentration of methanol extraction of M. acuminata leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of Musa acuminata SAP on the air permeability of the finished cotton fabric Water vapor permeability The influence of I Musa acuminata i SAP on the water vapor permeability of the finished specimen is described in Figure 3. Keywords: Cotton fabrics; comfort; Musa acuminata; natural extracts; thermal comfort; SAP; ; ; ; EN Cotton fabrics comfort Musa acuminata natural extracts thermal comfort SAP ZH 8092 8100 9 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction I Musa Acuminata i stem SAP is naturally extracted by cutting the cultivated plant just 1 ½ feet above from the ground level where the SAP (Separate substance Present) flow is relatively uniform and making a pit over it, helps to exude the sap due to the higher root pressure. Two-way ANOVA was utilized to identify the significance of differences between finished and controlled fabric samples and fabric physical properties, thermal comfort properties of woven finished fabric samples. [Extracted from the article]

In this study eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo, eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock fabrics and the moisture management properties have been developed and analyzed. The effects of raw material combination and fabric structure on moisture management properties with plated interlock knit fabrics are examined. For this study, two types of plated interlock knit structures have been developed. The outer layer made up of bamboo/tencel yarns (14.8 tex), the middle layer micro denier polyester (125 denier) connected with more tuck points, the next to skin layer made up of eri silk yarns (14.3 tex). The result shows that plated interlock knit structure are highly influences the moisture management properties. When compare to eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and tencel combination Excellent moisture management properties were observed in eri silk/micro denier/tencel combination plated interlock knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel biohybrid system for solar assisted CO 2 conversion to chemicals. • Synergistic combination of MOF@ TiO 2 with electroactive microbial system shows higher CO 2 conversion. • Efficient electron transfer stimulate Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of electro active microbes. • Well-organized charge transfer from ZTC@TiO 2 to a microbe resulted a high methanol yield. Recently, photosynthetic biohybrid systems are emerged as efficient catalytic materials having advantages of the light-harvesting ability of semiconductors and the catalytic efficiency of biological system. In this context, a stable visible light active Zn-metal organic framework (ZTC) functionalized with TiO 2 (ZTC@TiO 2) was synthesized, and synergistically integrated with an electroactive microbial (EAB) system for efficient CO 2 reduction under visible-light illumination. The resultant bio-hybrid shows remarkably higher CO 2 reduction under visible light irradiation as compared to independent ZTC@TiO 2 and microbe system. Under optimized condition, the bioinorganic hybrid (EAB-ZTC@TiO 2) shows a CO 2 conversion to acetic acid and methanol with a higher selectivity towards methanol. The improved photocatalytic CO 2 conversion and selectivity towards methanol is ascribed to a well-organized donor-acceptor interfacial charge transfer from ZTC@TiO 2 to a microbe, which effectively activates the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of microbes, thereby improving the CO 2 reduction efficiency. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsatellites are nonrandom hypervariable iterations of one to six nucleotides, existing across the coding as well as noncoding regions of virtually all known genomes, arising primarily due to polymerase slippage and unequal crossing over during replication events. Two or more perfect microsatellites located in close proximity form compound microsatellites. We studied the distribution of compound microsatellites in 118 ssDNA virus genomes belonging to three economically important virus families, namely Anelloviridae, Circoviridae, and Parvoviridae, known to predominantly infect livestock and humans. Among these virus families, 0–58.49% of perfect microsatellites were involved in the formation of compound microsatellites, the majority being located in the coding regions. No clear relationship existed between the genomic features (genome size and GC%) and compound microsatellite characteristics (relative abundance and relative density). The majority of the compound microsatellites resulted from di-SSR couples. A strong positive relationship was observed between the maximum distance value and length of compound microsatellite, percentage of microsatellites involved in the compound microsatellite formation, and relative microsatellite density. The degree of variability among microsatellite characteristics studied was largely a species-specific phenomenon. A major proportion of compound microsatellites was represented by similar motif combinations. The findings of the present study will help in better understanding of the structural, functional, and evolutionary role of compound microsatellites prevailing in the smaller genomes. • Study reports distribution of compound microsatellites in 118 ssDNA virus genomes of Anelloviridae, Circoviridae, and Parvoviridae. • Majority of compound microsatellites are located in the coding regions of the genome. • No clear relationship existed between the genomic features and compound microsatellite characteristics. • Majority of the compound microsatellites resulted from di-SSR couples. • The degree of variability is largely a species-specific phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new oxoquinoline‐imidazole derivatives (IMD1‐IMD4) was prepared, and they were characterized by analytical and spectral data. Further, they were employed as effective fluorescence signaling switches through "OFF‐ON" and "ON‐OFF" by an ESIPT (excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer) mechanism. The OFF‐ON green fluorescence exhibited by IMD1 selectively at 486 nm with Zn2+ and F− is the basis for the determination of Zn2+ and F− ions by way of detection limits of 5.28×10−9 M and 1.74 ×10−10 M, respectively. In contrast, IMD3 being fluorescent active (ON) with blue emission at 464 nm selectively exhibits quenching in fluorescence intensity in the presence of Fe3+ and picric acid (PA) at pH 7.4. This quenching property of IMD3 leads to the rapid determination of Fe3+ and picric acid (PA) selectively with a limit of detection of 3.28×10−9 M and 1.63×10−10 M, respectively. Experimental findings have been well‐complemented by Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies. The activity of the synthesized oxoquinoline‐imidazole compounds (IMD1 and IMD3) was demonstrated on HeLa (Henrietta Lacks, a human cell line) and breast cancer cells for the detection of Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paroxysmal dystonia occurs because of genetic or structural lesion in the basal ganglia or thalamus, and there is paucity of reporting in spinal pathology. We report a patient with paroxysmal hemidystonia admitted to a tertiary care hospital, India, and review the literature on spinal dystonia in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A 19‐year‐old woman presented with recurrent visual loss and quadriparesis. She developed paroxysmal hemidystonia after 18 days of a second episode of quadriplegia, during which her muscle power improved to Grade 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her spine showed central T2 hyperintensity extending from C2 to C7 vertebral level, and a cranial MRI was normal. Tibial somatosensory evoked potentials were unrecordable. Aquaporin‐4 antibody was positive in serum, confirming the diagnosis of NMO. Paroxysmal hemidystonia responded to carbamazepine 200 mg thrice daily. Paroxysmal dystonia may occur in a patient with myelitis and may respond to carbamazepine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence suggests a possible link between diabetes and gastric cancer risk, but the findings remain inconclusive, with limited studies in the Asian population. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes and diabetes duration on the development of gastric cancer overall, by anatomical and histological subtypes. Methods: A pooled analysis was conducted using 12 prospective studies included in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Among 558 981 participants (median age 52), after a median follow‐up of 14.9 years and 10.5 years, 8556 incident primary gastric cancers and 8058 gastric cancer deaths occurred, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate study‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled using random‐effects meta‐analyses. Results: Diabetes was associated with an increased incidence of overall gastric cancer (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25). The risk association did not differ significantly by sex (women vs men: HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.60 vs 1.12, 1.01–1.23), anatomical subsites (noncardia vs cardia: 1.14, 1.02–1.28 vs 1.17, 0.77–1.78) and histological subtypes (intestinal vs diffuse: 1.22, 1.02–1.46 vs 1.00, 0.62–1.61). Gastric cancer risk increased significantly during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis (HR 4.70, 95% CI 3.77–5.86), and decreased with time (nonlinear p <.01). Positive associations between diabetes and gastric cancer mortality were observed (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.28) but attenuated after a 2‐year time lag. Conclusion: Diabetes was associated with an increased gastric cancer incidence regardless of sex, anatomical subsite, or subtypes of gastric cancer. The risk of gastric cancer was particularly high during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses an experimental work carried out to optimize the machining parameters in machining Nimonic C263 by WEDM. Nimonic 263 is used as the workpiece material. Machining is performed with CNC wire cut electric discharge machine. Deionized water is used as dielectric fluid and molybdenum wire of diameter 0.18mm is used as the wire electrode material. Input parameters considered in this project work are pulse ON time (tonne), pulse OFF time (Toff), peak current (Ip) and voltage (V). Cycle time is considered as the output parameter. Robust design study is carried out to perform design of experiments from identifying the main factors, their levels and noise factors to predict the performance under these levels. 27 machined pieces are performed based on different set of levels for different factors. DK 7735 machine is used to perform machining process. After calculating the time, results are fed into the MINITAB 17 software to obtain optimized combination of levels of different factors from Taguchi's analysis and signal to noise ratio response table. ANOVA table is used to calculate the influence of each input parameters on output results. To validate the simulation, the predicted results are compared to experimental results. Optimum combinations of levels are substituted in the mathematical equation in order to obtain the predicted result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]