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Cyanobacteria safeguard their photosynthetic machinery from oxidative damage caused by adverse environmental factors such as high-intensity light. Together with many photoprotective compounds, they contain myxoxanthophylls, a rare group of glycosidic carotenoids containing a high number of conjugated double bonds. These carotenoids have been shown to: have strong photoprotective effects, contribute to the integrity of the thylakoid membrane, and upregulate in cyanobacteria under a variety of stress conditions. However, their metabolic potential has not been fully utilized in the stress biology of cyanobacteria and the pharmaceutical industry due to a lack of mechanistic understanding and their insufficient biosynthesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on: biological function, genetic regulation, biotechnological production, and pharmaceutical potential of myxoxanthophyll, with a focus on strain engineering and parameter optimization strategies for increasing their cellular content. The summarized knowledge can be utilized in cyanobacterial metabolic engineering to improve the stress tolerance of useful strains and enhance the commercial-scale synthesis of myxoxanthophyll for pharmaceutical uses.

This study involves the evaluation of the potential of commercial cellulase enzyme for the deinking of mixed office waste paper. The pH and temperature optima for the enzyme were 6.0 and 50°C. Enzyme dose and reaction time for the deinking process were optimized. An optimum dose of 300 g/t and reaction time of 90 min for commercial cellulase enzyme significantly improved deinking efficiency (79.3%) than the control set (59.4%) and chemical deinking (75.7%). Strength properties (except tear index) like tensile index, breaking length, burst factor and double fold were improved at optimized conditions. Cleanliness of pulp in terms of dirt and specks contents was also improved up to a significant level after cellulase treatment. Thus, it was concluded that commercial cellulase enzyme-based deinking was better than chemical deinking of mixed office waste in terms of improved pulp and paper quality.

Microalgal biomass has garnered attention as a renewable and sustainable resource for producing biodiesel. The harvesting of microalgal biomass is a significant bottleneck being faced by the industries as it is the crucial cost driver in the downstream processing of biomass. Bioharvesting of microalgal biomass mediated by: microbial, animal, and plant-based polymeric flocculants has gained a higher probability of utility in accumulation due to: its higher dewatering potential, less toxicity, and ecofriendly properties. The present review summarizes the key challenges and the technological advancements associated with various such harvesting techniques. The economic and technical aspects of different microalgal harvesting techniques, particularly the cationic polymeric flocculant-based harvesting of microalgal biomass, are also discussed. Furthermore, interactions of flocculants with microalgal biomass and the effects of these interactions on metabolite and lipid extractions are discussed to offer a promising solution for suitability in selecting the most efficient and economical method of microalgal biomass harvesting for cost-effective biodiesel production.

The contamination of Hexachlorohexane (Lindane) in soil and water has toxic effects due to its persistent nature. In our study, an indigenous HCH (gamma isomer) degrading bacterium viz Bacillus cereus SJPS-2 was isolated from Yamuna river water using enrichment culture method. The growth curve indicated that Bacillus cereus SJPS-2 was able to degrade ϒ-HCH effectively with 80.98% degradation. Further, process was improved by using immobilization using alginate beads which showed enhanced degradation (89.34%). Interestingly, in presence of fructose, the ϒ-HCH degradation was up to 79.24% with exponential growth curve whereas the degradation was only 5.61% in presence of glucose revealing diauxic growth curve. Furthermore, The FTIR results confirmed the potential lindane degradation capability of Bacillus cereus SJPS-2 and the bonds were recorded at wavelengths viz. 2900-2500 cm

Cyanobacteria are known for their metabolic potential and carbon capture and sequestration capabilities. These cyanobacteria are not only an effective source for carbon minimization and resource mobilization into value-added products for biotechnological gains. The present review focuses on the detailed description of carbon capture mechanisms exerted by the various cyanobacterial strains, the role of important regulatory pathways, and their subsequent genes responsible for such mechanisms. Moreover, this review will also describe effectual mechanisms of central carbon metabolism like isoprene synthesis, ethylene production, MEP pathway, and the role of Glyoxylate shunt in the carbon sequestration mechanisms. This review also describes some interesting facets of using carbon assimilation mechanisms for valuable bio-products. The role of regulatory pathways and multi-omics approaches in cyanobacteria will not only be crucial towards improving carbon utilization but also will give new insights into utilizing cyanobacterial bioresource for carbon neutrality.

The present study reports the combined enzymatic production efficiency of thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using a combinatory artificial intelligence-based tool, resulting in 2.7 IU/ml, 5.2 IU/ml, and 18.85 U/ml activity of endoglucanase, amylase, and lipase, respectively with good thermostability at 90 °C (pH 8-10). Interestingly, the metal ions viz. Cu