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The integration of electrochemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy recently offers a powerful approach to understanding oxidative metabolism, detecting reactive intermediates, and predicting biological activities. This combination is particularly effective as electrochemical methods provide excellent mimics of metabolic processes, while NMR spectroscopy offers precise chemical analysis. NMR is already widely utilized in the quality control of pharmaceuticals, foods, and additives and in metabolomic studies. However, the introduction of additional and external connections into the magnet has posed challenges, leading to signal deterioration and limitations in routine measurements. Herein, we report an anti-interference compact in situ electrochemical NMR system (AICISENS). Through a wireless strategy, the compact design allows for the independent and stable operation of electrochemical NMR components with effective interference isolation. Thus, it opens an avenue toward easy integration into in situ platforms, applicable not only to laboratory settings but also to fieldwork. The operability, reliability, and versatility were validated with a series of biomimetic assessments, including measurements of microbial electrochemical systems, functional foods, and simulated drug metabolisms. The robust performance of AICISENS demonstrates its high potential as a powerful analytical tool across diverse applications.

Using Origin2022Pro, PAST4.09, GraphPad, and ArcGIS, this study analyzed the big data of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Jilin province from five dimensions: differences in resource quantity, taxonomic group, family, and genus, regional distribution, and spatiotemporal distribution, aiming to fully elucidate the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province. The results indicated that 2 241 species of medicinal plants existed in Jilin province, belonging to 881 genera of 243 families, with 20 dominant families and 3 dominant genera. There were 1 901 species of medicinal plants(belonging to 778 genera of 227 families) in the eastern mountainous region, 1 503 species(belonging to 690 genera of 225 families) in the mid-mountainous areas of the central mountainous region, and 811 species(belonging to 436 genera of 136 families) in the western plain region. The biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province was high and presented a trend of high in the east and low in the west. The medicinal plant resources were mainly concentrated in the eastern mountainous region, and the number of medicinal plant groups had significant diffe-rences between regions, following the trend of western region > central region > eastern region. The species richness was in the order of eastern region > western region > central region. The species diversity structure in the central region was similar to that in the eastern and western regions, while it was significantly different between the western and eastern regions. Compared with the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the fourth survey showed an increase of 1 417 species, a decrease of 580 species, and 824 common species, indicating significant changes in the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province. The reasons for these changes need to be further explored. This article elucidates the background and biodiversity changes of medicinal plant resources in Jilin province, laying a foundation for the protection, utilization, and industrial development of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Jilin province.

Background/purpose: Effective filling of the lateral canals is of great significance in successful root canal treatment, but it is generally being challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of relative positions of the heat carrier and lateral canal opening on gutta-percha obturation of lateral canals in a three-dimensional (3D)-printed model., Materials and Methods: Thermal conductivity and real-time temperature transmission of gutta-percha were investigated using laser flash and thermal infrared analyses. 3D-printed root canal models with lateral canals at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the apex were fabricated, and different relative positions of the heat carrier were tested. The obturation process was recorded on video, and the obturation depth of the lateral canals was observed using X-ray micro-computed tomography., Results: Gutta-percha showed low thermal conductivity of 1.07 W/(m·K), and heating increased the temperature of gutta-percha above 60 °C only within 1 mm beyond the heat carrier tip. For lateral canals at 1 and 3 mm from the apex, gutta-percha penetrated further with deeper penetration of the heat carrier ( P  < 0.05). For 5-mm lateral canals, the heat carrier was always at apical level and the gutta-percha obturation depth was more at 2 mm apically than at 3 or 4 mm ( P  < 0.05)., Conclusion: Gutta-percha is a poor thermal conductor. The position of the heat carrier in relation to the lateral canal opening affects obturation depth. Only when the heat carrier reaches or passes the lateral canal opening can gutta-percha penetrate a lateral canal., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article., (© 2022 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.)