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The integration of nanoparticles (NPs) into agriculture is altering traditional methods, enhancing productivity and sustainability. This study explores the application of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) to mitigate salt-alkaline stress in cherry tomatoes. We investigated FeONPs at three concentrations (FeONP25, FeONP50, FeONP100 mg/kg soil) in pot experiments under non-stress (NS) and salt-alkaline stress (SAS) conditions. SAS conditions decreased biomass and nutrients in untreated plants, a trend reversed by FeONPs. FeONPs treatments significantly boosted pigment levels under SAS, thereby increasing chlorophyll a (10.65–43.05%), chlorophyll b (7.19–41.33%), total chlorophyll (9.84–42.49%), and carotenoids (8.97–36.09%) compared to the control. FeONPs also reduced NPQ under stress, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. Oxidative stress markers (H2O2, O₂−, and MDA) were strongly induced in control plants but significantly declined with FeONPs treatments. Antioxidants and osmoregulatory substances significantly improved with FeONPs, thereby demonstrating their potential to alleviate SAS in cherry tomato plants.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) stands out as the world's most vital staple food crop, yet is susceptible to UV-B radiation stress. This study investigates the physiological and transcriptome responses in rice exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) under UV-B radiation. Results demonstrate that TiO2 NPs, applied alone (TN) or in combination with UV-B stress (UV+TN), significantly enhance rice plant growth and physiological parameters. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, elevated under UV-B stress, are significantly reduced by TN and UV+TN treatments, thereby regulating antioxidants particularly involved in ascorbate-glutathione pathway. Transcriptomics analysis of identified DEGs in UV+TN, utilizing KEGG pathway analysis, reveals significant enrichment in various pathways. These pathways include glutathione metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, regulation of basal transcription factors, plant hormonal signal transduction pathways, cellular processes associated with energy, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Overall, TiO2 NPs application modulates diverse biological and metabolic pathways, enhancing UV-B stress tolerance in rice.

Oxylipins are active lipid compounds formed through the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have drawn considerable attention due to the potential impact on human health and processed food quality. Therefore, this study aimed to deepen current understanding and assess recent analytical advancements regarding the physiological roles of oxylipins in processed food products using lipidomics. The mechanisms behind oxylipins production in processed foods were extensively investigated, underscoring potential associations with chronic diseases. This indicates the need for innovative strategies to mitigate harmful oxylipins levels to enhance the safety and shelf life of processed food products. The results showed that mitigation methods, including the use of antioxidants and optimization of processing parameters, reduced oxylipins levels. The integration of lipidomics with food safety and quality control processes is evident in cutting-edge methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry for compliance and real-time evaluation. Aside from envisioning the future trajectory of food science and industry through prospective studies on oxylipins and processed foods, the results also provide the basis for future investigations, innovation, and advancements in the dynamic field of food science and technology.

ABSTRACTLipidomics is a rapidly expanding field of study that provides a comprehensive approach to the analysis of lipids in meat and fish food products. Lipidomics has become an important tool for evaluating the functional quality of animal and fish products as well as their potential health benefits. This review article provides an overview of the current state of the art in lipidomics for food assessment and its application in improving the quality and nutritional value of animal and fish food. This review covers a wide range of topics, including an examination of the lipid content and composition of animal and fish products, the effect of processing and storage conditions on lipid quality, and the potential health benefits of consuming lipid-rich animal and fish products. It also covers the important roles that lipids play in animal and fish products, such as their impact on flavor, texture, and stability. The article concludes with a discussion of the future directions of lipidomics research and the potential applications of this technology in the food industry. This review article provides valuable information for researchers, food scientists, and industry professionals who are interested in exploring the functional quality of animal and fish products through the lens of lipidomics.

ABSTRACTThis study explores the role of a biostimulant derived from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) in mitigating salt stress in rice plants. The weekly (S+W) and biweekly (S+B) biostimulant treatments exhibited enhanced shoot and root biomass, maintained ionic balance, and increased pigment content (total chlorophyll increased by 26.35% and 31%, carotenoids by 11.90% and 16.67% in S+W and S+B treatments, respectively) compared to untreated salt-stressed plants (CS). Improved gas exchange parameters and PSII efficiency were observed in S+W and S+B treatments. AN-biostimulant treatments mitigated salt-induced oxidative stress by positively regulating the antioxidant defense system. Notably, a strong negative correlation was observed between antioxidants and oxidative markers. Furthermore, AN-biostimulant treatments induced key metabolites (organic acids, sugars, amino acids, flavonoids), emphasizing the integrated role of multiple pathways in enhancing salt tolerance in rice. These findings highlight the potential of AN biostimulants as eco-friendly tools for crop enhancement in challenging environments.

Tomato is one of the major economically domesticated crops, and it is extensively used in different ways and purposes worldwide. Cell metabolism is the central core of all the biological processes to sustain life including cell growth, differentiation, maintenance, and response to environmental stress. To evaluate how genetic engineering can improve tomato fruit metabolome, the transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets of two transgenic tomatoes (SlMX1 overexpression and RNAi lines) have been compared with wild-type. The combined results demonstrated that the constitutive expression of SlMX1 not only increased trichome formation, carotenoids, and terpenoids as has been stated in several studies, but has also up- and down-regulated the expression of multiple genes related to cell growth (cell wall turnover), primary (carbohydrates, vitamins, and phytohormones), and secondary (phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, and terpenoids) metabolism, cell signaling, and stress responses. These changes in gene expression due to the constitutive expression of SlMX1 promote the most important agroeconomic traits such as fruit yield and quality, biosynthesis of health-promoting phytochemicals (including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), and finally, activate resistance to Botrytis cinerea and repress the expression of over-ripening-related genes, thus extending the fruit shelf-life. In conclusion, the traits improvement achieved by SlMX1 overexpression can be harnessed in molecular breeding programs to engineer fruit size and yield, induce health-promoting secondary metabolites, promote fungal resistance, and finally extend the fruit shelf-life.