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Author(s): Indubala Maurya [1]; Ayush Lohiya [2]; Jyoti Sharma [3]; Ram G. Maurya (corresponding author) [4]; Pooja Dwivedi [2] INTRODUCTION Randomised control trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard to [...]

Conjugated organic single crystals play a pivotal role as donor-acceptor molecules, showcasing nonlinear optical properties due to their unique molecular structure. In the present study, a novel functionalised allylidene malononitrile derivative, (Z)-2-(3-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allylidene)malononitrile, was synthesised and subjected to various spectroscopic and structural analyses for its optical and structural characterisation. This compound serves as an essential building block in developing photonic and optoelectronic materials. We synthesised the compound through a Vilsmeier-Haack reaction followed by a Knoevenagel condensation reaction and crystallised it using a slow evaporation method. In addition to SCXRD, the structural analysis of the compound was performed using NMR (1H, 13C), mass spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. The Intermolecular interactions were studied using Hirshfeld surfaces. The optical properties were analysed using UV–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The third-order nonlinearity of the grown crystal was estimated using the NLO coefficients via the widely recognised femtosecond Z-scan technique, equipped with Ti:sapphire-based laser oscillator using laser pulses of 90 fs and a wavelength of 500 nm at various incident powers. It was observed that with increasing laser power, the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the sample also increased. These findings, combined with the calculation of the nonlinear refractive index, conclusively establish the potential of (Z)-2-(3-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allylidene)malononitrile for optoelectronic applications.

This paper presents the cost optimization of a reinforced concrete abutment of a cantilever type using a genetic algorithm (GA). During the optimization process, six design variables, including two geometrical design variables and four cross-sectional design variables, were considered. The objective function consists of the cost of steel, concrete, and labor. Computation programs have been developed in JAVA to find an economical design adhering to Indian Road Congress (IRC) standards. To get an optimal solution in reasonable computational time, an attempt is carried out to evaluate the optimal GA parameters for the abutment model. A parametric study was conducted to understand the effect of the angle of friction, grade of concrete, and height on the cost optimization of the abutment. From the parametric study, it is observed that optimum cost of the abutment is obtained with a higher value of the angle of friction and concrete with a lower compressive strength. The results of the optimization are further discussed in detail. Key words: abutment, cost optimization, genetic algorithm, population size, generation size Cet article presente l'optimisation des couts d'une culee en beton arme (BA) de type cantilever, et ce, a l'aide d'un algorithme genetique (AG). Au cours du processus d'optimisation, six variables de conception, dont deux variables de conception geometrique et quatre variables de conception en coupe transversale, ont ete prises en compte. La fonction d'objectifs se compose du cout de l'acier, du beton et de la main-d'oeuvre. Des programmes de calcul ont ete developpes en JAVA pour trouver une conception economique conforme aux normes de l'<< Indian Road Congress >> (IRC). Dans le but d'obtenir une solution optimale dans un temps de calcul raisonnable, on tente d'evaluer les parametres d'AG optimaux pour le modele de culee. Une etude parametrique a ete menee pour comprendre l'effet de l'angle de frottement, de la qualite de beton et de la hauteur sur l'optimisation des couts de culee. L'etude parametrique a permis d'observer que le cout optimal de culee est obtenu avec une valeur plus elevee de l'angle de frottement et un beton avec une resistance a la compression inferieure. Les resultats de l'optimisation sont discutes plus en detail. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : culee, optimisation des couts, algorithme genetique, taille de la population, taille des generations, Introduction An abutment is a substructure used to support a superstructure at the ends of a bridge span. It also holds the soil that is unstable in its natural slopes. [...]

Erythemato-squamous diseases (ESDs), also known as erythrodermas, are a group of dermatological disorders characterized by both redness (erythema) and scaling (squamous) of the skin. These conditions can have various causes and implications. The implications of ESDs vary depending on the specific condition and its severity. While some may cause mild symptoms and have minimal impact on daily life, others can be chronic, recurrent, and significantly affect a person's physical and emotional well-being. Treatment options for these conditions may include topical medications, oral medications, phototherapy, and lifestyle modifications. In this paper, state of art machine learning (ML) algorithms is implemented for classification of ESD. To classify the disease a set of 11 clinical features and 23 histopathological features are considered. The performance of the ML classifiers is analyzed with individual sets of features and combination of both. Further, the performance of the ML classifiers is analyzed at different training rates to know the superior classifier for ESD classification. Furthermore, the study is extended to investigate the effectiveness of the Kruskal-Wallis algorithm in ranking the importance of features in the dataset used for disease classification. An investigation depicts that Ensemble and SVM classifiers outperformed the other ML classifiers in terms of accuracy and F1-score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel sensor design that incorporates a microstrip patch antenna accompanied by a ground plane integrating a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR). Integration of a circular CSRR into the microchip antenna has the potential to significantly improve radiation characteristics. The designed sensor operates at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, achieving an attenuation level of -27 dB. This design proposes the sensor's potential to function as a highly sensitive sensor by utilizing changes in the dielectric constant of biological samples. The changing dielectric constant of the analyte induces a frequency shift, allowing for the identification of different materials. Additionally, various regression algorithms based on machine learning have been employed to accurately assess the analyte's dielectric constant by studying the sensor's frequency response. Performance analysis indicates that exponential regression outperforms other approaches, showcasing a minimal root mean squared error of 0.0013. Machine learning techniques bring about substantial enhancements in sensor performance, thereby creating pathways for sophisticated applications in biochemical sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), the multifunctional low-power sensor nodes are linked to base stations and are highly responsible for sensing various information. However, maintaining the network's lifespan is a major issue because of limited battery capacity and node failures. Thus, the proposed study introduced a new Scalable Trust-based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm (STEERA) with Adaptive Grasshopper Algorithm (AGA) to enhance the network lifespan. At first, the trust values (Tv) are generated for each node to eliminate the malicious node with the help of penalty factor and volatilization. To make efficient routing process, the nodes are formed into cluster groups. A suitable cluster head is selected for each cluster to mitigate the energy consumption problem through the AGA approach by optimizing the parameters like Tv, distance and residual energy. Finally, the data packets are effectively transmitted through a multi-hop routing process by selecting an appropriate path and satisfying certain parameters through Fire Hawks Optimization (FHO). To simulate the proposed techniques, NS2 software is employed, and the performance is measured over various metrics like energy consumption, residual energy, the lifespan of a network, packet loss ratio and average end-to-end delay. The performance analysis shows that the proposed protocol design has obtained higher results than conventional routing protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]