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The mangrove conservation program is one of the measures to address climate change at the village or community level and is the most effective and sustainable. For it entails a community participatory approach and is anchored on the participation of the private sector, and people’s organizations. Bayabas, a coastal municipality of Surigao del Sur, in the Philippines with the communities Cabugo, Magobawok, Belete, and La Paz, the sites of the study, has a robust mangrove conservation program. The study used mixed methods of survey, ethnographic, and observation/case study methods which capture the organizational culture of the sites. The findings of the study include the following: The Mangrove Conservation sites were established in response to the significant provisions of the Local Government Code of 1991 bearing on Environmental Conservation duly supported by an Ordinance of the LGU of Bayabas. The operation of the Mangrove Conservation sites was being assisted by the People’s Organization (PO) which is also a quasi-cooperative for fishers. The POs were established by a joint effort of the PFAR/BFAR and the LGU of Bayabas. Sagip Wakatan, the Mangrove Conservation Program of the LGU of Bayabas was anchored on food security, sustainable development, people’s empowerment, eco-tourism, and the response to climate change initiatives at the grassroots levels. Livelihood integration is one of the most important features of the Mangrove Conservation Program and was directly channeled into the four (4) People’s Organizations (POs). The fishers across four (4) sites are active enough in their participation in the Mangrove Conservation.

The paper discusses the rituals performed by the diviner or spiritual healer in curing the clients. It involves prayers, chants and elaborate ceremonies addressed to the supreme deity. It combines animistic beliefs with Folk Christian beliefs which had been handed by generations of diviners or healers. A descriptive qualitative method was used aided by the participant and non-participant observations. It can be deduced from the study that Spiritual folk healing practices had been robustly practiced by the healers or diviners with spiritual themes but it is also tented with the mysticism of animism. The diviner or healer is the main officiating person in the curing rituals which is usually assisted by the assistant curer or diviner.

The paper discusses the rituals performed by the diviner or spiritual healer in curing the clients. It involves prayers, chants and elaborate ceremonies addressed to the supreme deity. It combines animistic beliefs with Folk Christian beliefs which had been handed by generations of diviners or healers. A descriptive qualitative method was used aided by the participant and non-participant observations. It can be deduced from the study that Spiritual folk healing practices had been robustly practiced by the healers or diviners with spiritual themes but it is also tented with the mysticism of animism. The diviner or healer is the main officiating person in the curing rituals which is usually assisted by the assistant curer or diviner.

The K–12 curriculum in the Philippines emphasizes the innovative teaching and learning methodologies of localization and contextualization. Contextualization might help Filipino culture advance and encourage the next generation of educators to be more original and innovative. The purpose of the study was to determine and attest to the result of the contextualized and localized learning materials in teaching science to improve students’ learning performance among randomly selected learners in the academic year 2021–2022. The study has employed an experimental research design and followed a sampling technique in determining the participants to perform the study. The study's total sample population included 40 students. Furthermore, the assessment or examination consisted of 50 knowledge multiple-choice questions with four answers. A paired t-test for correlated means was used to determine the significant improvement between the two groups utilized in the study’s performance, and an independent t-test was used to check the significant difference between the two groups' posttest learning performances. Based on the findings, the calculated statistic t-test value was -39.722, and the p-value was 0.000 when a localized and contextualized teaching and learning process was used. And for the other group (without), it was shown that the calculated statistic value was -21.078 with a p-value of 0.000 (highly significant) for this t-test. It means that both tests were significantly better than each other because the p-value was lower than the alpha of 0.05. Therefore, when teaching and learning processes were localized and contextualized, learning performance increased considerably.

The following sociocultural practices or worldviews are based on a series of interviews with the Mamanwas presented in an ethnographic manner. It will discuss its birth and initiation rites, engagement and wedding customs, burial practices, indigenous value system, worldviews on natural phenomena, and indigenous values system.

Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)–elevating agents, such as β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 -AR) agonists and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, remain a mainstay in the treatment of obstructive respiratory diseases, conditions characterized by airway constriction, inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion. However, their clinical use is limited by unwanted side effects because of unrestricted cAMP elevation in the airways and in distant organs. Here, we identified the A-kinase anchoring protein phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) as a critical regulator of a discrete cAMP signaling microdomain activated by β 2 -ARs in airway structural and inflammatory cells. Displacement of the PI3Kγ-anchored pool of protein kinase A (PKA) by an inhaled, cell-permeable, PI3Kγ mimetic peptide (PI3Kγ MP) inhibited a pool of subcortical PDE4B and PDE4D and safely increased cAMP in the lungs, leading to airway smooth muscle relaxation and reduced neutrophil infiltration in a murine model of asthma. In human bronchial epithelial cells, PI3Kγ MP induced unexpected cAMP and PKA elevations restricted to the vicinity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the ion channel controlling mucus hydration that is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF). PI3Kγ MP promoted the phosphorylation of wild-type CFTR on serine-737, triggering channel gating, and rescued the function of F508del-CFTR, the most prevalent CF mutant, by enhancing the effects of existing CFTR modulators. These results unveil PI3Kγ as the regulator of a β 2 -AR/cAMP microdomain central to smooth muscle contraction, immune cell activation, and epithelial fluid secretion in the airways, suggesting the use of a PI3Kγ MP for compartment-restricted, therapeutic cAMP elevation in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases.