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The research investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites by analyzing the fecal samples of 100 captive-breed exotic birds from 16 species in the Kathmandu Valley. A total of five different parasite types were found in the study, with a 54% prevalence rate. Helminths were less frequent (33%) than protozoan pathogens (37%) in the samples. Five parasitic genera were found during the examination of the feces, including one protozoa (Eimeria species) and four helminths (Ascaridia species, Trichostrongylus species, Strongyloides species, and Codiostomum species), with Ascaridiaspecies showing the highest prevalence rate (23%) of the helminthes parasites. The bulk of infections were single infections, with mixed infections accounting for the minority. To control parasitic infections, effective hygiene and de-worming initiatives were put in place. A re-infection is still a chance, though; because of things like stress and being near other foraging birds that might be carrying parasites.

Background: Phasic hormonal changes during menstrual cycle affect the exercise performance. Earlier studies about the changes in muscle strength and rate of fatigue during different phases of the menstrual cycle have been inconclusive. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to study the muscle strength variations and rate of fatigue during various phases of the menstrual cycle in young adult females. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 120 eumenorrheic female volunteers in the age group of 18–25 years female from GMC, Jammu. Handgrip dynamometer and Mosso’s Ergograph were used, respectively, to assess muscle strength and muscle fatigue. Recording of the test parameters was done in three phases of the menstrual cycle: Early follicular phase (Phase 1), late follicular phase (Phase 2), and mid luteal phase (Phase 3). Results: Muscle strength was significantly higher in Phase 2 (Late Follicular phase) than in Phase 1 (Early Follicular Phase) and Phase 3 (Mid Luteal Phase). The subjects showed less fatigability and higher work done during the late follicular phase (Phase 2) compared to mid luteal phase (Phase 3) and early follicular phase (Phase 1). Conclusion: Muscle functions are better in late follicular phase compared to mid-luteal or early follicular phases.