Search

In prevailing p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), solution-processible fullerene molecules are widely used as electron-transporting layers (ETLs) but they typically suffer from poor uniformity and undesirable stability issues. Additionally, a separate bathocuproine (BCP) layer is needed to block hole transfer, increasing fabrication complexity and cost. Here, we address these limitations by developing a novel polymeric ETL (named PFBCP) synthesized by polymerizing C60 with BCP. This innovative material achieves both efficient electron transport and hole blocking, while its excellent uniformity minimizes interface recombination and enhances stability. Consequently, our blade-coated PSCs utilizing PFBCP achieve a high power conversion efficiency exceeding 22% and retain 91% of initial efficiency after 1200 h of light exposure. This development not only paves the way for commercially viable PSCs but also opens avenues for future ETL design to realize even more efficient and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recent advances in high-pressure membrane fouling during wastewater reuse were reported. • Combined fouling behaviors and mechanisms caused by secondary effluent were reviewed. • Coexisting foulants' effects on pretreatment mitigation performances were emphasized. • Knowledge gaps were identified and future research directions were proposed. High-pressure membrane technology has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in municipal wastewater reuse. However, membrane fouling remains a bottleneck hampering its development and widespread implementation. Given the coexistence of various organic, inorganic, and biological foulants in wastewater, their individual and combined fouling behaviors are complicated and could influence the fouling mitigation performance of pretreatment strategies. Herein, we provided a comprehensive review of the combined fouling behaviors on high-pressure membranes and the fouling mitigation performances of various pretreatment strategies. Initially, the membrane fouling behaviors and mechanisms of single types of foulants and their combination were discussed in-depth, along with a detailed examination of the complex fouling resulting from actual secondary effluent. Subsequently, the impact of the conventional pretreatment techniques on high-pressure membrane fouling was carefully evaluated, from both the positive and negative aspects. The influence of the coexistence and interaction of various types of foulants was particularly emphasized. Finally, the challenges that high-pressure membrane processes still confront and the future research directions in this field were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As two emerging pollutants of great concern, microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics inevitably cooccur in various aquatic environments and interact with each other, impacting the fate and ecological risks. Aging obviously complicates their interaction and deserves further study. Therefore, the adsorption-desorption behaviors of ciprofloxacin (CIP) onto polystyrene (PS) fragments with various aging extent were investigated, and the key physiochemical properties influencing the interaction and the interaction mechanisms were clarified by redundancy analysis, FTIR and XPS spectra. The physicochemical properties of PS MPs were significantly changed with aging time, and the morphological and chemical changes seemed to occur asynchronously. The adsorption of CIP onto the pristine PS MPs relied on physisorption, especially the ion-involving electrostatic and cation-π interaction. Due to the hydrogen bonding formed by the C–OH, C O, and O–C O groups of PS and CIP, the adsorption capacities of the aged PS MPs were greatly increased. The desorption efficiency of CIP from MPs in the gastric fluid was closely related to the solution ionic strengths, C–OH and C O groups of MPs, while that in the intestinal fluid was associated with O–C O groups of MPs. The different impact factors could be well described by the differences in the chemical components and pHs of the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. This study gives a comprehensive understanding of the adsorption-desorption behaviors of antibiotics onto MPs at a molecular level and indicates that MPs could act as Trojan horses to transport antibiotics into aquatic organisms. [Display omitted] • Redundancy analysis identified MPs' key properties affecting adsorption/desorption. • Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and cation-π interaction were crucial for CIP adsorption. • The C–OH, C O, and O–C O groups of aged MPs were involved in the hydrogen bonding with CIP. • Desorption of CIP in the gastric fluid relied on the C–OH and C O groups of MPs. • Desorption of CIP in the intestinal fluid was related to the O–C O groups of MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Deep learning method for extracting weak–fault–related features when the labels are insufficient. • Pseudo–label selection mechanism based on reliability assessment. • Joint learning workflow combining the advantages of UL, TL, and SSL. • SSL based on multiple views considering prior knowledge of signal processing. Deep neural networks exhibit excellent performance in fault feature extraction for considerable amounts of data. However, data labeling is a difficult task in practical engineering, which may lead to problems in fault diagnosis particularly when faults are weak. To resolve the foregoing, a semi–pseudo–labeling diagnosis system is proposed in this paper. The proposed system considers the confidence and reliability of samples to cope with situations where labels are insufficient and faults are weak. By adding pseudo–labels, unlabeled data whose fault information is swamped by a large amount of noise can achieve low–density separation and entropy regularization in the sample space. Consequently, the training of deep learning models for weak–fault diagnosis is supported. Regarding the traditional pseudo–labeling problems in weak–fault–related feature extraction, a series of solutions has been proposed to solve the problems in the field of fault diagnosis. The designed model reduces pseudo–label noise and enhances the capability of weak–fault–related feature extraction. The effectiveness of this method was validated on the datasets collected by simulating faulty bearings and those sustaining actual failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]