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Military veterans are a unique population within the criminal justice system. Numerous criminal justice reforms for this population exist, but there is a dearth of research summarizing and critiquing past and ongoing efforts directed at veterans. This article examines the partnerships developed by the Department of Veterans Affairs with criminal justice agencies to address the needs of justiceinvolved veterans. Despite these efforts, there is more to be done to support veterans. We provide recommendations for agencies, including enhanced identification of veterans in criminal justice settings, delivery of services to a wider range of veterans, enhancement of partnered relationships with law enforcement, recalibration of the role of Veterans Treatment Courts in the continuum of justice system offerings, expansion of trauma-informed care throughout the criminal justice and partnered health care systems, and sustainment of reform efforts and innovations through advisory bodies. Rigorous research to evaluate reform efforts are needed across all areas. The Veterans Affairs' continuing role as partner to criminal justice agencies and in reform efforts is critical, and improving linkage to and use of health care will result in enhanced health and other outcomes for veterans involved in the criminal justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited states of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), [Ru(bpy)3]2+, can be deactivated by a wide range of ferrocene derivatives. The pathway by which deactivation takes place, either energy transfer (EnT) or electron transfer (ET), depends on several factors inherent to each specific donor–acceptor (D···A) system. In this work, we provide mechanistic insight into bimolecular quenching between [Ru(bpy)3]2+*and several ferrocene (Fc) derivatives in a variety of solvents. By introducing various functional groups onto the cyclopentadienyl ring of ferrocene, the chemical properties of the organometallic complexes were altered by tuning the oxidation potentials and charge of the iron complexes, and the manner in which the [Ru(bpy)3]2+excited state is quenched by each ferrocene complex in solvents of various dielectric constants, including anhydrous acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and water (pH 10), was assessed. Through the use of transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, the mechanism of [Ru(bpy)3]2+*quenching by each of five ferrocene derivatives (i.e., either EnT or ET) in the aforementioned solvents was evaluated. On the basis of these studies, electrostatic factors relating to the charge on the ferrocene moiety were found to influence the quenching pathway(s) for the [Ru(bpy)3]2+···Fc systems under interrogation. When the ferrocene moiety is positively charged, the [Ru(bpy)3]2+excited state is quenched by EnT to Fc, while when the ferrocene moiety is neutral or negatively charged, the [Ru(bpy)3]2+excited state is quenched via reductive ET.

A homologous set of 5,5-dimethylphlorin macrocycles in which the identity of one aryl ring is systematically varied has been prepared. These derivatives contain ancillary pentafluorophenyl (3H(PhlF)), mesityl (3H(PhlMes)), 2,6-bismethoxyphenyl (3H(PhlOMe)), 4-nitrophenyl (3H(PhlNO2)), or 4-tert-butylcarboxyphenyl (3H(PhlCO2tBu)) groups at the 15-meso-position. These porphyrinoids were prepared in good yields (35–50%) and display unusual multielectron redox and photochemical properties. Each phlorin can be oxidized up to three times at modest potentials and can be reduced twice. The electron-donating and electron-releasing properties of the ancillary aryl substituent attenuate the potentials of these redox events; phlorins containing electron-donating aryl groups are easier to oxidize and harder to reduce, while the opposite trend is observed for phlorins containing electron-withdrawing functionalities. Phlorin substitution also has a pronounced effect on the observed photophysics, as introduction of electron-releasing aryl groups on the periphery of the macrocycle is manifest in larger emission quantum yields and longer fluorescence lifetimes. Each phlorin displays an intriguing supramolecular chemistry and can bind 2 equiv of fluoride. This binding is allosteric in nature, and the strength of halide binding correlates with the ability of the phlorin to stabilize the buildup of charge. Moreover, fluoride binding to generate complexes of the form 3H(PhlR)·2F–modulates the redox potentials of the parent phlorin. As such, titration of phlorin with a source of fluoride represents a facile method to tune the ability of this class of porphyrinoid to absorb light and engage in redox chemistry.