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China is one of the leading suppliers of fish and seafood to Russia. A strong example is tilapia fish. This relatively inexpensive fish, due to the small amount of its cultivation in the Russian Federation, is completely imported from China. However, at present, the lack of an adequate level of control over the movement of raw materials through production chains and their processing at Chinese enterprises, the import of tilapia is temporarily stopped. In this regard, a comparative assessment of the quality of tilapia grown under aquaculture conditions in Russia and China at all stages of industrial processing is relevant. In order to assess the quality of fish raw materials, a multisensory system “electronic nose” was used, which is based on a multilevel neural semiotic model that describes the mechanism of the human olfactory bulb. The use of chemical sensors allowed recording early signs of changes in the organoleptic parameters of tilapia meat. The studies showed that the meat of tilapia grown in Russia is subject to less destruction during storage at a temperature of 4 ° C than meat of tilapia grown under the agricultural conditions in China.