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The purpose of this study was to examine patterns and factors influencing exclusion rates and achievement on large-scale assessments in Canada. Data analysis employed a case study to examine policies and practices of exclusion, absenteeism, and social promotion related to large-scale assessments at the international, national, and provincial levels. In addition, information was solicited from assessment experts regarding exclusion rate practices. Findings revealed significant increases in student performance, which paralleled significant increases in exclusion rates. At the provincial level, the analysis led to the discovery of the relationship between social promotion policies and a document guiding assessment practices in Canada (i.e., Principles of Fair Assessment Practices). This relationship was the rationale given for excluding poor performing students, not learning or physically disabled students, from participating in large-scale assessments. Recommendations include an alignment of exclusion policies between the three levels of administration, documenting students who are unable to participate on large-scale assessment because they are operating too far below grade level as a result of being social promoted, and to over sample provinces and schools with high absenteeism on assessment days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at identifying the relationship between modern media and the promotion of CEDAW, a "case study" at Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie, main campus. The study community consisted of all the male and female employees at Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method to suit the subject of the study. The study sample, 114 employees, was selected by the available random sampling method. The researchers published an online questionnaire consisting of (29) paragraphs, distributed over six areas to reach to the objectives of the study. The research outcome was concluded to publish the articles of the international convention on the media and to accord its clauses with the local laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Portugal, after the liberal victory in 1834, many intellectuals of humble extraction proceed along a successful life course that pushes them often on important functions and makes them win a considerable reputation. Using a corpus of life stories of the concerned intellectuals, this article examines how certain factors contribute to their promotion, namely their initial experiences and learnings, as well as their later political interventions to change Portugal and to assure the position of the intelligentsia to which they belong. The final synthesis puts forward a set of constants as a contribution to explain this process of rising mobility in cases of low social origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this article is to study the progress made in Spain in terms of gender parity and the challenges still pending to be achieved in this regard. To attain this objective, first of all, the authors review the successive legal regulations aimed at reaching gender equality that have been enacted in Spain. Furthermore, the considerations and findings made are based on the use of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. On the one hand, from a quantitative viewpoint, different statistical data provided mainly by the Spanish Statistics National Institute are analyzed. From these data, the authors prepare a set of tables and figures that allow them to show that, despite the undoubted legislative advances attained, clear gender inequalities continue in Spain. On the other hand, the authors base their assertions both on their participant observation and on a reinterpretation and reanalysis of the results of two previous qualitative researches. One of the most remarkable outcomes of the use of this qualitative methodology is the persistence in Spain of diverse signs of macho mentality. This persistence not only manifests itself among many men, it is also shared by a large number of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]