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AbstractNanoliposomes are drug delivery systems that improve bioavailability by encapsulating therapeutic agents. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nanoliposomal (NL) formulation on enhancing the bioavailability of essential oil. The essential oil of Satureja hortensis (SHO) was encapsulated in nanoliposomes (SHNLs). Physicochemical characterizations of NL formulations (size, charge, polydispersity index [PDI]) were evaluated by dynamic light scattering technique. The nanoliposome encapsulation efficiency (EE) was calculated as 89.90%. The prepared bionanosystems demonstrated significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC as determined by the agar diffusion method and microdilution tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for SHNLs were found to be 5.187 µg/µL for E. coli and 2.59 µg/µL for both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Importantly, despite the lower substance content, both SHNLs and SHO exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against all tested strains. Furthermore, in order to determine the toxicity profile and possible effects on DNA damage or repair both the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of SHNLs were assessed using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) method in human lymphocyte cultures. The experimental data collectively indicate that the NL formulation of the S. hortensis essential oil enhances antibacterial activities and provides genoprotective effects against DNA damage. This highlights the significance of liposomal formulations of antioxidants in augmenting their biological activity. The results indicate that SHNLs can be a safe antibacterial agent for the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the heavy metals which cause severe environmental pollution and biochemical changes in plants is Cadmium (Cd) while Selenium (Se) acts as an important anti-stress agent in plants. In the present research, the glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the effect of Cd and Se on structure of the essential oil isolated from the savory plant, Satureja hortensis L. To do so, the plants were polluted with different Cd levels including 0 (the control), 75, 100, and 150 µM. Moreover, Se was used in the form of sodium selenite salt in concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 40 µM. The results show that carvacrol was the main constituent in most of the essential oil analyses, except for one of them (0 µM of Cd×10 µM of Se). Furthermore, differences among minor constituents in most of treatments were not significant. Therefore, these results indicate the role of Cd and Se in the compositional changes of S. hortensis essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of plant shading (covered by pearl shade nets with a 40% shade index or nonshading plants from open field) on the content and composition of essential oils extracted from summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) during the flowering stage cultivated under the ecological conditions of Serbia. The summer savory essential oil (SSEO) was extracted by Clevenger hydrodistillation. According to the GC/MS analysis of the SSEO, twenty-five and twenty-six components were detected in the non-shaded and shaded plants, respectively. The yield of SSEO from non-shaded plants was 1.64%, while SSEO from plants covered by shade nets was 1.76%. Carvracol (48.7–53.25%) and γ-terpinene (32.7%–36.8%) were found to be the main components in SSEO, followed by p-cymene (3.4%-3.2%), α-terpinene (2.9%-3.5%) and limonene (1.9-1.3%). In the DPPH assay, SSEO showed an IC50 of 0.99 μg mL−1 in shaded and an IC50 of 1.01 μg mL−1 in non-shaded plants. Additionally, SSEO exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (44.3–48 mm inhibition zone), Bacillus subtilis (34.7–41.0 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.3–29.0 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (21.0–24.3 mm). A possible practical application of this study would be to grow summer savory at higher plant densities, or as an intercrop, because it does not require too much light for production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garden or summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants that is cultivated in many parts of the world. Thus, in order to investigate the effect of zeolite and biofertilizer on essential oil yield, morphological and physiological characteristics of summer savory under water deficit stress, a split-factorial experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design with four replications at 2011 in Tehran, Iran. Irrigation regime with four levels (I1: 30, I2: 60, I3: 90 and I4: 120 irrigations after mm evaporation) and biofertilizer inoculation with three levels (B1: no inoculation, B2: inoculation with azospirillium + Mycorrhiza and B3: inoculation with Pseudomonas + Mycorrhiza) and zeolite with two levels (0 and 20 t/ha) were considered. The results showed that the highest essential oil yield was obtained under normal irrigation. The results showed that the biofertilizers were more effective on the content and yield of essential oil under normal irrigation conditions. Results also showed that the application of zeolite had a greater effect on increasing the essential oil yield in the absence of biofertilizer inoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary & Life Sciences is the property of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current study investigated the effects of gamma irradiation on biochemical parameters and secondary metabolite accumulation in Summer Savory under field conditions. The dry seeds of Summer Savory (with a moisture content of 12%) were exposed to gamma radiation at the doses of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy. Non-irradiated seeds (0 Gy) were used as control. Our findings showed that gamma radiation at low doses (20–40 Gy) had no effect on biochemical parameters and secondary metabolites accumulation in S. hortensis. These parameters are steadily and significantly increased by raising gamma irradiation doses from 40 to 100 Gy. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanin, and total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in 80 and 100 Gy treatments. Plants exposed to 80 and 100 Gy treatments accumulated the maximum amounts of rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of S. hortensis essential oil revealed that gamma radiation significantly alters its components. Carvacrol, α-Pinene, and α-Thujene levels raised dramatically compared to control with an increase in gamma irradiation dose from 20 to 100 Gy, while Thymol and α-Terpinene levels lowered. Our results showed that treatment of Summer Savory seeds with gamma radiation at 80 and 100 Gy doses could significantly be raised biochemical parameters and secondary metabolites accumulation under field conditions. The current study showed that gamma irradiation could be used as a pre-sowing elicitor to improve the quantity and quality of phytochemicals in Summer Savory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: As a critical limitation of plant growing, drought stress has always received a lot of attention from botanical researchers. This study intends to investigate the role of salicylic acid and the Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter bio-fertilizer on Satureja hortensis L. under drought stress. Materials and Methods: Salicylic acid and bio-fertilizers have been shown to improve drought tolerance in growing plants. To evaluate the synergistic effect of salicylic acid, Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress (-3.5 atm: W1), (-6.5 atm: W2), and (-10 atm: W3), a 2-year (2016 to 2018) field experiment was organized based on split-plot factorial statistical in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Results: The main findings of this study showed that the combinable use of bio-fertilizers and salicylic acid diminished the disadvantageous effects of drought stress. Co-application of bio-fertilizers and salicylic acid significantly increased chlorophyll a and b (22% and 31.5%), carotenoid (30.7%) contents, aerial fresh (38.3%) and dry (64.1%) weights, root fresh (55.8%), and dry (45%) weights, auxin (15%), percentage of essential oil (30.7%) in S. hortensis while it decreased the proline content (48.8%) under severe stress as compared to the control groups, which confirmed the efficacy of this approach and its role in drought tolerance. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that this new suggested treatment could effectively alleviate drought stress symptoms and improve S. hortensis growth under spreading drought conditions and limited water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from two aromatic plants—Satureja hortensis L. (SE) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RE), encapsulated in alginate, on—yogurt properties. The encapsulation efficiency was controlled by FTIR and SEM analysis. In both extracts, the individual polyphenol content was determined by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS. The total polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity were spectrophotometrically quantified. The antimicrobial properties of SE and RE against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella abony) and yeasts (Candida albicans) were analyzed in vitro. The encapsulated extracts were used to prepare the functional concentrated yogurt. It was established that the addition of 0.30–0.45% microencapsulated plant extracts caused the inhibition of the post-fermentation process, the improvement of the textural parameters of the yogurt during storage, thus the shelf life of the yogurt increased by seven days, compared to the yogurt simple. Mutual information analysis was applied to establish the correlation between the concentration of the encapsulated extracts on the sensory, physical-chemical, and textural characteristics of the yogurt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from two aromatic plants—Satureja hortensis L. (SE) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RE), encapsulated in alginate, on—yogurt properties. The encapsulation efficiency was controlled by FTIR and SEM analysis. In both extracts, the individual polyphenol content was determined by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS. The total polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity were spectrophotometrically quantified. The antimicrobial properties of SE and RE against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella abony) and yeasts (Candida albicans) were analyzed in vitro. The encapsulated extracts were used to prepare the functional concentrated yogurt. It was established that the addition of 0.30–0.45% microencapsulated plant extracts caused the inhibition of the post-fermentation process, the improvement of the textural parameters of the yogurt during storage, thus the shelf life of the yogurt increased by seven days, compared to the yogurt simple. Mutual information analysis was applied to establish the correlation between the concentration of the encapsulated extracts on the sensory, physical-chemical, and textural characteristics of the yogurt.

Copyright of Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is extensively used in various pharmaceutical and food industries. Production of this plant in controlled environments attracted lots of attention; however, the proper lighting environment needs to be designed to achieve optimum yield and quality. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of main photosynthetic light spectra on phytochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of summer savory. To do this, young summer savory plants in the four-leaf stage were grown under different light spectra including red (R), white (W), and 70% R and 30% blue (R: B) with same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of LED sources for 50 days. Antioxidant activity, total phenol content and essential oil composition were assayed using DPPH radical inhibition, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Moreover, anthocyanins and soluble and stored carbohydrate contents were spectrophotometrically obtained. Rgrown plants had higher anthocyanin (24.87%), starch (129.53%) and essential oil content (40.09%) compared to their levels in control (W light). In R: B-grown plants, the amount of total phenol (198.30%), soluble carbohydrates (65.31%) and essential oil (50.26%) increased compared to their amounts in control (W light). In the next step, to inspect the influence of UV-C on the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity, plants that were grown under three indicated light spectra were exposed to UV-C radiation (for 12 h). As a result of UV-C exposure, anthocyanin content was increased by 5.96 %, 38.96% and 9.04% in W-, R-, and R: B-grown plants, respectively. Percentage of essential oil in plants was also increased by UVC exposure by 57.37%, 50% and 43.68% in W-, R-, and R: B-grown plants, respectively. The composition of summer savory essential oil was also affected by light quality. Therefore, by exposing the plant to different light spectra, the physiological activities and phytochemical composition of summer savory can be changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S. hortensis naturally appearing in Türkiye, especially in Thrace region. It is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae members. It has used as spice and medicinal plant is known since ancient times. The natural products obtained from Lamiaceae family are dominated by polyphenols and flavonoids, responsible for their antioxidant properties, among others. In the research, ethanol (EtOH) extracts with different hydro dilutions of the plant samples were obtained by three different extraction methods. The plant material (Satureja hortensis L) belongs to Kirklareli province. Three different extraction methods that traditional, ultrasound and microwave performed for phenolic substance recovery with three ethanol solvents (40%, 50% and 60%, v:v). The total phenolic contents and total antioxidant activities (DPPH) were compared for all samples. Besides, phenolic compositions were determined for the samples that have the highest total phenolic content (TPC) for each method. The plant extracts showed the highest TPC for ethanol (60%, v:v) extracts in traditional extraction (TE), ultrasound extraction (15 min) (US-15) and microwave extraction (2.5 min) (MW-2.5). The other extracts that ultrasound extraction (30 min) (US-15) and microwave extraction (5 min) (MW-2.5) had the highest TPC for ethanol (50%, v:v) extracts. Some Satureja species have been recommended in the literature as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes, also contains antioxidant agents. However, there is not any research for S. hortensis L. In the present study that being the first study focused on it, the possible anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-obesity effect of S. hortensis L. extracts were investigated. For this purpose, amylase and lipase enzyme activities were determined for extracts. The available data presenting the initial properties of S. hortensis L. for next research and applications in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]